Name: an improved method for rapid intubation of the trachea in mice
Uploaded: 2016-02-22T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice at JoVE.com

Forfatterne takker Brian Johnson av histologi og Imaging Core ved University of Washington for å få hjelp med Trichrome farging og analyse. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av NIH tilskudd HL098067 og HL089455.

Institutional Animal Care og bruk komiteer (IACUC) ved University of Washington og Cedars-Sinai Medical Center har godkjent dyret nødvendige arbeidet for disse studiene. 1. Forberedelse <ol><li> Steriliser både den butte enden tang og depressor via autoklav. </li><li> Ved hjelp av en biologisk sikkerhetskabinett, utarbeide en arbeids lager av BLM i PBS fra frysetørket pulver. Sonikere oppløsningen i 10 min ved 35 kHz for å sikre enda blanding. Merk: Et totalt volum på mellom 30 og 45 ul anbefales ...

<ol>
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S. d. R., Nunes, F. A. P., Scheliga, A. A. d. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bleomycin-Induced+Lung+Injury.">Bleomycin-Induced Lung Injury.</a> Journal of Cancer Research. 2013, 1-9 (2013).</li><li>Lakatos, H. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Oropharyngeal+aspiration+of+a+silica+suspension+produces+a+superior+model+of+silicosis+in+the+mouse+when+compared+to+intratracheal+instillation.">Oropharyngeal aspiration of a silica suspension produces a superior model of silicosis in the mouse when compared to intratracheal instillation.</a> Exp Lung Res. 32, 181-199 (2006).</li><li>Helms, M. N., Torres-Gonzalez, E., Goodson, P., Rojas, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+tracheal+instillation+of+solutes+into+mouse+lung.">Direct tracheal instillation of solutes into mouse lung.</a> J Vis Exp. , (2010).</li><li>Osier, M., Oberdorster, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intratracheal+inhalation+vs+intratracheal+instillation:+differences+in+particle+effects.">Intratracheal inhalation vs intratracheal instillation: differences in particle effects.</a> Fundam Appl Toxicol. 40, 220-227 (1997).</li><li>Driscoll, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intratracheal+instillation+as+an+exposure+technique+for+the+evaluation+of+respiratory+tract+toxicity:+Uses+and+Limitations.">Intratracheal instillation as an exposure technique for the evaluation of respiratory tract toxicity: Uses and Limitations.</a> Toxicol Sci. 55, 24-35 (2000).</li><li>MacDonald, K. D., Chang, H. Y., Mitzner, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+simple+method+of+mouse+lung+intubation.">An improved simple method of mouse lung intubation.</a> J Appl Physiol (1985). 106, 984-987 (1985).</li><li>Spoelstra, E. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+and+simple+method+for+endotracheal+intubation+of+mice.">A novel and simple method for endotracheal intubation of mice.</a> Lab Anim. 41, 128-135 (2007).</li><li>Cai, Y., Kimura, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive+intratracheal+intubation+to+study+the+pathology+and+physiology+of+mouse+lung.">Noninvasive intratracheal intubation to study the pathology and physiology of mouse lung.</a> J Vis Exp. , e50601 (2013).</li><li>Starcher, B., WIlliams, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+method+for+intratracheal+instillation+of+endotoxin+into+the+lungs+of+mice.">A method for intratracheal instillation of endotoxin into the lungs of mice.</a> Lab Anim. 23, 234-240 (1989).</li><li>Daubeuf, F., Frossard, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Performing+bronchoalveolar+lavage+in+the+mouse.">Performing bronchoalveolar lavage in the mouse.</a> Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2, 167-175 (2012).</li><li>Li, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+lung+fibrosis+requires+an+invasive+fibroblast+phenotype+regulated+by+hyaluronan+and+CD44.">Severe lung fibrosis requires an invasive fibroblast phenotype regulated by hyaluronan and CD44.</a> J Exp Med. 208, 1459-1471 (2011).</li><li>Grazioli, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CYR61+(CCN1)+overexpression+induces+lung+injury+in+mice.">CYR61 (CCN1) overexpression induces lung injury in mice.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 308, L759-L765 (2015).</li><li>Redente, E. 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I tilfeller hvor aerosolisering er upraktisk på grunn av begrenset reagens tilgjengelighet, sikkerhet, eller kostnadene, er direkte tracheal administrering en overlegen metode for levering av eksogene midler i lungene 16 transtracheal drypping har blitt mye brukt for å oppnå dette.; imidlertid, som med alle kirurgiske inngrep, bærer også med seg muligheten for komplikasjoner forårsaket av fremgangsmåten i seg selv, og ikke nødvendigvis det middel som skal innpodet. 13 Av ...

Til tross for noen anatomiske og fysiologiske forskjeller, 1 murine modeller fortsette å være uvurderlig for modellering av menneskets biologi og sykdom patogenese. 2 Fra en reindrift synspunkt, mus er lette å håndtere, har en lav avl tid, en akselerert levetid, og er relativt billige til hus. Med utviklingen av ulike genetiske stammer og strategier (f.eks., Betinget knock-outs, reporter mus, avstamning-sporing tilnærminger, etc.), samt det brede utvalget av tilgjengelige reagenser (f.eks., Antistoffer, rekombinante proteiner, hemmere, etc.), har mus blitt en viktig modell virveldyr organisme å avdekke menneskelige Homeostase og sykdomsprosesser. 3 Mus har vært spesielt verdifullt for å studere lungesykdom, inkludert akutt lungeskade (ALI) og lungefibrose. 4 ALI hos mennesker kan være forårsaket av traumer, skade eller sepsis og er preget av epitel ogendothelial lekkasje (ie., ødem), betennelse, og begynnende fibrose. I mange pasienter, ALI utvikler seg til sin alvorlige form, akutt lungesviktsyndrom (ARDS), som ofte resulterer i fibrose og død på grunn av respirasjonssvikt. 5,6 Lunge fibrose er en progressiv, dødelig patologi preget av det overskytende deponering av ekstracellulære matrise , spesielt type i kollagen, noe som fører til nedsatt lungefunksjon. 7,8 Administrering av bleomycin (BLM) er den mest brukte og best karakteriserte modell for å indusere ALI og fibrose i forsøksdyr. 9 Selv om BLM-induserte lungefibrose hos gnagere gjør ikke rekapitulere fullt menneskelige fibrotiske fenotyper, 10 musestudier med denne modellen har ført til oppdagelsen av mange viktige faktorer som påvirker utbruddet og progresjon av sykdommen. 11 Mens den eksakte mekanisme (r) bak BLM-indusert fibrogenese er ukjente, den initierende skadeantas å oppstå fra kontakt-avhengig DNA trådbrudd i epitelceller lining gjennomfører luftveiene og alveolene, og i særdeleshet, type 1 pneumocytes. 12 Behovet for direkte kontakt mellom BLM og lunge epitel fremhever viktigheten av en robust levering rute , og disse bekymringene er også relevante for et bredt spekter av behandlinger rettet mot de fjerne luftveiene, inkludert rekombinante proteiner, antistoffer, siRNA, virus, bakterier, partikler, og mer. Orofaryngeal aspirasjon (OPA) har blitt mye brukt for dette formål 13, men et større en brist av OPA er at noen del av den leverte middel kan svelges i den gastrointestinale kanal, og dermed føre til unøyaktigheter i den administrerte dose. En annen mye brukt metode er transtracheal drypping, som innebærer trakeostomi under kraftig bedøvelse for å eksponere trakea og drypping av et middel direkte inn i luftveiene. 14 er imidlertid ikke bare kan slikeen prosedyre være uønsket på grunn av sin invasivity, men det er også tidkrevende, krever en god del trening, og fører til en potent skade på luftveiene. 15,16 Flere protokoller har blitt utviklet som involverer direkte administrasjon av midler inn i luftrøret uten behov for kirurgisk inngrep, 16,17,18,19,20 men disse metodene innebærer lengre utvinning ganger forårsaket av kraftige bedøvelsesmidler, bruk av kostbart utstyr (ie., otoskop / laryngoskop, kommersielt tilgjengelige prosedyre boards, fiberoptisk ledninger, etc.), et overskudd av manipulasjon i munnhulen, og usikkerhet med hensyn til doseringen. Dette dokumentet beskriver en forholdsvis enkel metode for administrering via intubering som gjør at en forsker på en rask, billig, pålitelig og innpode et reagens til murine lungen med begrenset risiko for gjenværende skade på omgivende vev.

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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:481px;">Bleomycin For Injection, 30 units/vial</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">APP Pharmaceuticals, LLC</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">103720</td>
			<td style="width:604px;">For best results, BLM should be suspended in PBS, aliquoted, and stored as single use lyophilzed aliquots</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blunt End Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tongue Depressor (i.e. bent Valleylab Blade Electrode, 2.4&#34;)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Covidien</td>
			<td>E1551G</td>
			<td>Before use, create a 45 degree bend 1.5 cm&#160; from the blade tip. A suitable depressor can also be created from any metal implement of similar dimensions.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Exel Safelet Catheter 22G X 1&#34;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Exel International</td>
			<td>26746</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL Slip-tip Disposable Tuberculin Syringe (200/sp, 1600/ca)</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">BD</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">0.2ml Pipettor and Filter Tips</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:481px;">Fiber-Lite Illuminator. Model 181-1: Model 180 mated with Standard Dual Gooseneck illuminator</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Dolan Jenner Industries, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">181-1</td>
			<td>Lower output LED illuminators are not recommended as they fail to suficiently illuminate the trachea.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Intubation Board</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td>See Diagram 1.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Colored Label Tape: 0.5&#160;in. Wide</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>15-901-15A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Oxygen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate-Buffered Saline, 1X</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Corning</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td>Product should be sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Non-Sterile Silk Black Braided Suture Spool, 91.4 m, Size 4-0</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>517698</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Table Top Anesthesia Machine Isoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Highland Medical Equipment</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>http://www.highlandmedical.net/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide Top Induction Mouse Isoflurane Chamber</td>
			<td>MIP / Anesthesia Technologies</td>
			<td>AS-01-0530-SM</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">FORANE (isoflurane, USP) Liquid For Inhalation 100 mL&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Baxter</td>
			<td>1001936040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#160;Nanozoomer Digital Pathology system</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Hamamatsu</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">IgM ELISA Quantification Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:304px;">Bethyl Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">E90-101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an improved method for rapid intubation of the trachea in mice

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity is a commonly used model to study both acute lung injury and fibrosis, and multiple methods have been developed for administering bleomycin (and other toxic agents) into the lungs. However, many of these approaches, such as transtracheal instillation, have inherent drawbacks, including the need for strong anesthetics and survival surgery. This paper reports a quick, reproducible method of intratracheal intubation that involves mild inhaled anesthesia, visualization of the trachea, and the use of a surrogate spirometer to confirm exposure. As a proof of concept, 8-12 week old C57BL/6 mice were administered either 2.0 U/kg of bleomycin or an equivalent volume of PBS, and both damage and fibrotic endpoints were measured post-exposure. This procedure allows researchers to treat a large cohort of mice in a relatively short period with little expense and minimal post-procedure care.

Intubert mus ble overvåket daglig for vekttap og nød, og ofret 4, 10 eller 17 dager senere via intraperitoneal injeksjon av 2,5% 2,2,2- tribromoethanol. Bronchoalveolar kylling (BAL) ble samlet i tre vasker av PBS som beskrevet andre steder 21 og høyre lunge ble fiksert i 10% formalin, parafin innebygd, og farget med Masson er Trichrome ved University of Washington Histologi og Imaging Core 22. <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-together.within...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice at JoVE.com

An Improved Method for Rapid Intubation of the Trachea in Mice

En forbedret fremgangsmåte for Rapid intubering av trakea hos mus

Denne artikkelen presenterer en hurtig og enkel metode for administrering av bleomycin direkte inn i luftrøret mus via intubering. Viktige fordeler med denne metoden er at det er svært reproduserbar, lett å mestre, og krever ikke spesialutstyr eller lange utvinning ganger.

Despite some anatomical and physiological differences, mouse models continue to be an essential tool for studying human lung disease. Bleomycin toxicity ...

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Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the main contributor to morbidity and mortality worldwide. Therefore, research on this topic is mandatory. An easily ...

Blind Endotracheal Intubation in Neonatal Rabbits

Blind endotrakeal intubasjon i neonatal kaniner

The newborn rabbit is a useful animal model for various pathologies and procedures. Airway management of the rabbit is complex due to its anatomical ...