Name: high-throughput crispr vector construction and characterization of dna modifications by generation of tomato hairy roots
Uploaded: 2016-04-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots at JoVE.com

この研究は、国立科学財団の助成金IOS-1025642（GBM）によってサポートされていました。我々はARqua1株を提供するためのマリア・ハリソンに感謝します。

1.ガイドRNAの設計とベクター構築<ol><li>目的の遺伝子のための標的配列を同定します。このステップ13,14に適したオンラインCRISPRターゲット発見の様々なプログラムがあります。 注：ここでは、GN 20 GGの標的モチーフを使用していますが、他の設計は、使用するアプリケーションまたはベクターシステムに応じて適切であり得ます。 </li><li> DNAの組み立てに必要とされる5...

<ol>
	<li>Jinek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+programmable+dual-RNA-guided+DNA+endonuclease+in+adaptive+bacterial+immunity.">A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.</a> Science. 337 (6096), 816-821 (2012).</li><li>Shalem, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+CRISPR-Cas9+knockout+screening+in+human+cells.">Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells.</a> Science. 343 (6166), 84-87 (2014).</li><li>Zhou, Y. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+screening+of+a+CRISPR/Cas9+library+for+functional+genomics+in+human+cells.">High-throughput screening of a CRISPR/Cas9 library for functional genomics in human cells.</a> Nature. 509 (509), 487-491 (2014).</li><li>Doudna, J. A., Charpentier, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+new+frontier+of+genome+engineering+with+CRISPR-Cas9.">The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.</a> Science. 346 (6213), (2014).</li><li>Belhaj, K., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Kamoun, S., Patron, N. J., Nekrasov, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Editing+plant+genomes+with+CRISPR/Cas9.">Editing plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas9.</a> Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 32, 76-84 (2015).</li><li>Bortesi, L., Fischer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+CRISPR/Cas9+system+for+plant+genome+editing+and+beyond.">The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond.</a> Biotechnology Advances. 33 (1), 41-52 (2015).</li><li>Jia, H. G., Wang, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+genome+editing+of+sweet+orange+using+Cas9/sgRNA.">Targeted genome editing of sweet orange using Cas9/sgRNA.</a> Plos One. 9, (2014).</li><li>Upadhyay, S. K., Kumar, J., Alok, A., Tuli, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-Guided+Genome+Editing+for+Target+Gene+Mutations+in+Wheat.">RNA-Guided Genome Editing for Target Gene Mutations in Wheat.</a> G3-Genes Genomes Genetics. 3 (12), 2233-2238 (2013).</li><li>Ron, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hairy+root+transformation+using+Agrobacterium+rhizogenes.+as+a+tool+for+exploring+cell+type-specific+gene+expression+and+function+using+tomato+as+a+model.">Hairy root transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. as a tool for exploring cell type-specific gene expression and function using tomato as a model.</a> Plant Physiology. 166 (2), 455-U4442 (2014).</li><li>Jacobs, T. B., LaFayette, P. R., Schmitz, R. J., Parrott, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+genome+modifications+in+soybean+with+CRISPR/Cas9.">Targeted genome modifications in soybean with CRISPR/Cas9.</a> BMC Biotechnology. 15, (2015).</li><li>Gibson, D. G., Smith, H. O., Hutchison, C. A., Venter, J. C., Merryman, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+synthesis+of+the+mouse+mitochondrial+genome.">Chemical synthesis of the mouse mitochondrial genome.</a> Nature Methods. 7 (11), 901-903 (2010).</li><li>Zhou, X., Jacobs, T. B., Xue, L. J., Harding, S. A., Tsai, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploiting+SNPs+for+biallelic+CRISPR+mutations+in+the+outcrossing+woody+perennial+Populus+reveals+4-coumarate:CoA+ligase+specificity+and+redundancy.">Exploiting SNPs for biallelic CRISPR mutations in the outcrossing woody perennial Populus reveals 4-coumarate:CoA ligase specificity and redundancy.</a> New Phytologist. , (2015).</li><li>Stemmer, M., Thumberger, T., Keyer, M. D., Wittbrodt, J., Mateo, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCTop:+An+Intuitive,+Flexible+and+Reliable+CRISPR/Cas9+Target+Prediction+Tool.">CCTop: An Intuitive, Flexible and Reliable CRISPR/Cas9 Target Prediction Tool.</a> Plos One. 10, (2015).</li><li>Lei, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR-P:+A+Web+Tool+for+Synthetic+Single-Guide+RNA+Design+of+CRISPR-System+in+Plants.">CRISPR-P: A Web Tool for Synthetic Single-Guide RNA Design of CRISPR-System in Plants.</a> Molecular Plant. 7 (9), 1494-1496 (2014).</li><li>Quandt, H. J., Puhler, A., Broer, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRANSGENIC+ROOT-NODULES+OF+VICIA-HIRSUTA+-+A+FAST+AND+EFFICIENT+SYSTEM+FOR+THE+STUDY+OF+GENE-EXPRESSION+IN+INDETERMINATE-TYPE+NODULES.">TRANSGENIC ROOT-NODULES OF VICIA-HIRSUTA - A FAST AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF GENE-EXPRESSION IN INDETERMINATE-TYPE NODULES.</a> Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 6, 699-706 (1993).</li><li>Zhu, X. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+genotyping+method+for+genome-modified+animals+and+human+cells+generated+with+CRISPR/Cas9+system.">An efficient genotyping method for genome-modified animals and human cells generated with CRISPR/Cas9 system.</a> Scientific Reports. 4 (8), (2014).</li><li>Belhaj, K., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Kamoun, S., Nekrasov, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+genome+editing+made+easy:+targeted+mutagenesis+in+model+and+crop+plants+using+the+CRISPR/Cas+system.">Plant genome editing made easy: targeted mutagenesis in model and crop plants using the CRISPR/Cas system.</a> Plant Methods. 9 (1), 39 (2013).</li><li>Cong, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplex+genome+engineering+using+CRISPR/Cas+systems.">Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems.</a> Science. 339 (6121), 819-823 (2013).</li><li>Li, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplex+and+homologous+recombination-mediated+genome+editing+in+Arabidopsis+and+Nicotiana+benthamiana+using+guide+RNA+and+Cas9.">Multiplex and homologous recombination-mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using guide RNA and Cas9.</a> Nat Biotech. 31 (8), 688-691 (2013).</li><li>Fu, Y. F., Sander, J. D., Reyon, D., Cascio, V. M., Joung, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+CRISPR-Cas+nuclease+specificity+using+truncated+guide+RNAs.">Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 32 (3), 279-284 (2014).</li><li>Torella, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unique+nucleotide+sequence-guided+assembly+of+repetitive+DNA+parts+for+synthetic+biology+applications.">Unique nucleotide sequence-guided assembly of repetitive DNA parts for synthetic biology applications.</a> Nat Protoc. 9 (9), 2075-2089 (2014).</li><li>Ono, N. N., Tian, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+multiplicity+of+hairy+root+cultures:+Prolific+possibilities.">The multiplicity of hairy root cultures: Prolific possibilities.</a> Plant Science. 180 (3), 439-446 (2011).</li><li>Tepfer, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+several+species+of+higher+plants+by+Agrobacterium+rhizogenes.:+sexual+transmission+of+the+transformed+genotype+and+phenotype.">Transformation of several species of higher plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.: sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype.</a> Cell. 37 (3), 959-967 (1984).</li><li>Li, H., Deng, Y., Wu, T. L., Subramanian, S., Yu, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Misexpression+of+miR482,+miR1512,+and+miR1515+Increases+Soybean+Nodulation.">Misexpression of miR482, miR1512, and miR1515 Increases Soybean Nodulation.</a> Plant Physiology. 153 (4), 1759-1770 (2010).</li><li>Boisson-Dernier, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agrobacterium+rhizogenes-transformed+roots+of+Medicago+truncatula+for+the+study+of+nitrogen-fixing+and+endomycorrhizal+symbiotic+associations.">Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots of Medicago truncatula for the study of nitrogen-fixing and endomycorrhizal symbiotic associations.</a> Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 14 (6), 695-700 (2001).</li><li>Collier, R., Fuchs, B., Walter, N., Kevin Lutke, W., Taylor, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vitro.+composite+plants:+an+inexpensive,+rapid+method+for+root+biology.">Ex vitro. composite plants: an inexpensive, rapid method for root biology.</a> Plant Journal. 43 (3), 449-457 (2005).</li></ol>

Since DNA assembly is used to recombine any overlapping DNA sequences, this cloning method can be applied to any CRISPR vector construction. Most CRISPR cloning schemes use either gene synthesis of the gRNA, type IIS restriction enzymes17,18, or overlap-extension PCR19. Each of these techniques has inherent advantages and disadvantages, but they typically require multiple hands-on cloning steps. The primary advantage of the cloning method presented here is that the entire process occurs in a single,...

CRISPR / Cas9で標的DNAの変更を生成する能力は、機能的ゲノム研究のための大きな可能性を秘めています。 CRISPR / Cas9システムの2つのコンポーネントがあります。 ブドウ球菌化膿連鎖球菌と、標的DNA部位（複数可）1にCas9を指示およそ100-ntのガイドRNA（gRNA）分子に由来Cas9ヌクレアーゼ、。標的認識は、最初にによって与えられる〜ターゲティングベクター2,3の高スループット生産を可能にするgRNA、20-NT。操作することができるほとんどの生物は、既にCRISPR / Cas9技術4,5とされています。 植物では、例えば、CaMV35Sプロモーターなどの構成的プロモーターは、一般にCas9ヌクレアーゼ6の発現を駆動するために使用されます。 gRNAsはgRNAの最初の塩基を制限するRNAポリメラーゼIII U6またはU3プロモーターを用いて表現しているのいずれかG、効率的な転写のためのU3のためのU6、またはA、のために。しかし、RNAポリメラーゼIIのプロムこれらの制限のないotersも、7,8を使用されています。 異なるgRNAsは異なる効率を有するDNAの突然変異を誘発し、最初に全植物の形質転換に投資するか、大規模な表現型の画面を設定する前に、CRISPRベクトルを検証するために重要であり得ます。植物におけるCRISPRコンストラクトの一過性発現は、例えば、アグロインフィルトレーションを使用して、一般的なアプローチでは非実用的変異の検出が困難と表現型のアッセイを行うこと、安定した植物体6と比較して、DNA修飾の低い周波数になります。いわゆる毛状根は、安定した植物についてヶ月とは対照的に独立した、安定に形質転換された材料の多くは、数週間以内に発生させることができるので便利で、代替システムです。 CRISPRベクターは、毛状根9,10においてDNA突然変異を誘発するのに非常に効果的です。 DNAアセンブリ方法は、効率的overlを含むDNA断片を連結しますappingは11を終了します。いくつかのDNAの組み立て方法の主な利点は、組み立てられた製品へのssDNA（ すなわち 、オリゴ）を組み込む能力です。 gRNAsのみ〜20ヌクレオチド長であり、新たなターゲットが合成オリゴを用いて作製することができるので、これらのDNAアセンブリ方法は、CRISPRクローニングに適しています。ここに記載されたプロトコルが正常に大豆10、ポプラ12で使用され、現在はトマトされたCRISPRベクトルのP201シリーズに基づいています。提示クローニング手順は、現在のクローニング法10の上にいくつかの利点を提供しています。すなわち、完全に機能的なベクターは、1日に単一クローニング反応で生成することができます。ベクター構築はさらに手をオン還元時間と材料費、並行して複数のCRISPRベクトルを生成するためにプールすることができます。我々はまた、標的遺伝子の欠失を有するトランスジェニック材料を製造するための効率的な方法として、トマト毛状根を生成するためのプロトコルを提示します。毛状根を有効に使用されていますCRISPRベクトルを食べ、その後の実験のための材料を提供します。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="761">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:219px;">NEBuilder&#174; (HiFi DNA assembly mix)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">New England Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">E5520</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">p201N:Cas9</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>59175</td>
			<td>The p201H:Cas9 plasmid (59176) is also compatible with the reported overlaps and enzymes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pUC gRNA Shuttle</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>47024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SwaI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0604S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SpeI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0133S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Zymo clean and concentrator-5 column purification</td>
			<td>Zymo Research</td>
			<td>D4003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB Buffer 2.1</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7202S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB CutSmart (Buffer 4)</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7204S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB Buffer 3.1</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7203S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EconoSpin Mini Spin Column (plasmid prep)</td>
			<td>Epoch Life Sciences</td>
			<td>1910-050/250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EcoRV-HF&#174;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R3195S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">StyI-HF&#174;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R3500S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MS Salts + Gamborg Vitamins</td>
			<td>Phytotechnology Laboratories</td>
			<td>M404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phytagel&#8482; (gellan gum)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8169</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GA-7 Boxes</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>V8505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Micropore&#8482; surgical tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1535-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Timentin&#174; (Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid)</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>0029-6571-26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Primers 5&#39; -&#62; 3&#39;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SwaI_MtU6F&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">GATATTAATCTCTTCGATGAAATTTATGCCTATCTTATATGATCAATGAGG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MtU6R&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">AAGCCTACTGGTTCGCTTGAAG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ScaffoldF&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SpeI_Scaffold R</td>
			<td colspan="3">GTCATGAATTGTAATACGACTCAAAAAAAAGCACCGACTCGGTG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">StUbi3P218R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">ACATGCACCTAATTTCACTAGATGT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ISceIR</td>
			<td colspan="2">GTGATCGATTACCCTGTTATCCCTAG</td>
			<td>Cannot be used for Sanger sequencing since there is a second binding site on the plasmid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">UNS1_Scaffold R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">GAGAATGGATGCGAGTAATGAAAAAAAGCACCGACTCGGTG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">UNS1_MtU6 F&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">CATTACTCGCATCCATTCTCATGCCTATCTTATATGATCAATGAGG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">p201R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">CGCGCCGAATTCTAGTGATCG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="3" height="21" style="height:21px;">Bolded sequences denote 20-nt overlaps with linearized p201N:Cas9.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-throughput crispr vector construction and characterization of dna modifications by generation of tomato hairy roots

Targeted DNA mutations generated by vectors with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have proven useful for functional genomics studies. While most cloning strategies are simple to perform, they generally use multiple steps and can require several days to generate the ultimate constructs. The method presented here is based on DNA assembly and can produce fully functional CRISPR vectors in a single cloning reaction. Vector construction can also be pooled, further increasing the efficiency and utility of the process. A modification of the method is used to create CRISPR vectors with multiple gene targets. CRISPR vectors are then transformed into tomato hairy roots to generate transgenic materials with targeted DNA modifications. Hairy roots are a useful system for testing vector functionality as they are technically simple to generate and amenable to large-scale production. The methods presented here will have wide application as they can be used to generate a variety of CRISPR vectors and be used in a wide range of plant species.

DNAアセンブリとCRISPRベクター構築は、一般的に独立したクローンの数十〜数百を生成します。 PCRによるコロニーのスクリーニングは簡単なトラブルシューティングのために有用である（ 図2A）の正確なクローンを識別し、インサートを有するとせずに、プラスミドを区別することができます。一般的に、クローンのすべては、インサートを含み、ユーザ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots at JoVE.com

High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots

トマト毛状根の発生によるDNAの修飾のハイスループットCRISPRベクター構築と特性

DNAアセンブリを使用して、複数のCRISPRベクトルが単一クローニング反応に並列に構築することができ、CRISPR多数の構造を作ることは簡単な作業ベクトル。トマト毛状根は、CRISPRベクトルを検証し、突然変異体材料を生成するための優れたモデルシステムです。

Targeted DNA mutations generated by vectors with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have proven useful for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Generation of RNA/DNA Hybrids in Genomic DNA by Transformation using RNA-containing Oligonucleotides

RNAを含むオリゴヌクレオチドを​​使用して変換によるゲノムDNAのRNA / DNAハイブリッドの世代

Synthetic short nucleic acid polymers, oligonucleotides (oligos), are the most functional and widespread tools of molecular biology. Oligos can be ...

Ice-Cap: A Method for Growing Arabidopsis and Tomato Plants in 96-well Plates for High-Throughput Genotyping

Ice-Cap: A Method for Growing Arabidopsis and Tomato Plants in 96-well Plates for High-Throughput Genotyping

アイスキャップ：成長させる方法シロイヌナズナ</emハイスループットジェノタイピング用96ウェルプレートで>とトマト

It is becoming common for plant scientists to develop projects that require the genotyping of large numbers of plants. The first step in any genotyping ...

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

CRISPR / CASシステムの酵素のための基質の生成

The  interaction of viruses and their prokaryotic hosts shaped the evolution of  bacterial and archaeal life. Prokaryotes developed several strategies to ...

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq

ハイスループットシーケンシングのための高品質クロマチン免疫沈降DNAテンプレート（チップ-SEQ）の生成

ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) methods directly  offer whole-genome coverage, where combining chromatin immunoprecipitation  (ChIP) and massively parallel ...

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing

次世代シーケンシングによりDNAメチル化解析をターゲット

The role of epigenetic processes in the control of gene expression has been known for a number of years. DNA methylation at cytosine residues is of ...

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

転写後調節される遺伝子の化学モジュレーターのためのハイスループットスクリーニング

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays ...

DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

DamID-配列：アデニンメチル化DNA断片のハイスループットシークエンシングによるタンパク質-DNA相互作用のゲノムワイドなマッピング

The DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) assay is a powerful method to detect protein-DNA interactions both locally and genome-wide. It is ...

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

結晶セルロース蓄積中の高解像度の定量化<em&gt;シロイヌナズナ</em&gt;ルーツは、組織特異的な細胞壁の変更を監視します

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, the composition of which determines their final size and shape. The cell wall is composed of a complex matrix ...

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

レトロウイルス統合サイトの増幅、次世代シーケンシング、およびゲノムDNAのマッピング

Retroviruses exhibit signature integration preferences on both the local and global scales. Here, we present a detailed protocol for (1) generation of ...

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

マウスの主な腎尿細管上皮細胞の分離と性質、高スループットの細胞フラックスの解析

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can lead to renal fibrosis, a major cause of&#160;chronic kidney disease (CKD). ...