Name: high-throughput crispr vector construction and characterization of dna modifications by generation of tomato hairy roots
Uploaded: 2016-04-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots at JoVE.com

Denna forskning stöds av National Science Foundation IOS-1025642 (GBM). Vi tackar Maria Harrison för att tillhandahålla ARqua1 stammen.

1. Guide RNA Design och Vektorkonstruktion <ol><li> Identifiera målsekvenser för generna av intresse. Det finns en mängd olika program på nätet crispr måls finna lämpliga för detta steg 13,14. OBS: Här använder vi GN 20 GG mål motiv, men andra konstruktioner kan vara lämpliga beroende på tillämpningen eller vektorsystem som används. </li><li> Design 60-mer gRNA oligos att inkludera GN 19 delen av målet motiv flankerad av 5 &#39;och 3&#39; 20-nt-sekvenser som krä...

<ol>
	<li>Jinek, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+programmable+dual-RNA-guided+DNA+endonuclease+in+adaptive+bacterial+immunity.">A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity.</a> Science. 337 (6096), 816-821 (2012).</li><li>Shalem, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome-scale+CRISPR-Cas9+knockout+screening+in+human+cells.">Genome-scale CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screening in human cells.</a> Science. 343 (6166), 84-87 (2014).</li><li>Zhou, Y. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+screening+of+a+CRISPR/Cas9+library+for+functional+genomics+in+human+cells.">High-throughput screening of a CRISPR/Cas9 library for functional genomics in human cells.</a> Nature. 509 (509), 487-491 (2014).</li><li>Doudna, J. A., Charpentier, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+new+frontier+of+genome+engineering+with+CRISPR-Cas9.">The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9.</a> Science. 346 (6213), (2014).</li><li>Belhaj, K., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Kamoun, S., Patron, N. J., Nekrasov, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Editing+plant+genomes+with+CRISPR/Cas9.">Editing plant genomes with CRISPR/Cas9.</a> Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 32, 76-84 (2015).</li><li>Bortesi, L., Fischer, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+CRISPR/Cas9+system+for+plant+genome+editing+and+beyond.">The CRISPR/Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond.</a> Biotechnology Advances. 33 (1), 41-52 (2015).</li><li>Jia, H. G., Wang, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+genome+editing+of+sweet+orange+using+Cas9/sgRNA.">Targeted genome editing of sweet orange using Cas9/sgRNA.</a> Plos One. 9, (2014).</li><li>Upadhyay, S. K., Kumar, J., Alok, A., Tuli, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-Guided+Genome+Editing+for+Target+Gene+Mutations+in+Wheat.">RNA-Guided Genome Editing for Target Gene Mutations in Wheat.</a> G3-Genes Genomes Genetics. 3 (12), 2233-2238 (2013).</li><li>Ron, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hairy+root+transformation+using+Agrobacterium+rhizogenes.+as+a+tool+for+exploring+cell+type-specific+gene+expression+and+function+using+tomato+as+a+model.">Hairy root transformation using Agrobacterium rhizogenes. as a tool for exploring cell type-specific gene expression and function using tomato as a model.</a> Plant Physiology. 166 (2), 455-U4442 (2014).</li><li>Jacobs, T. B., LaFayette, P. R., Schmitz, R. J., Parrott, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Targeted+genome+modifications+in+soybean+with+CRISPR/Cas9.">Targeted genome modifications in soybean with CRISPR/Cas9.</a> BMC Biotechnology. 15, (2015).</li><li>Gibson, D. G., Smith, H. O., Hutchison, C. A., Venter, J. C., Merryman, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+synthesis+of+the+mouse+mitochondrial+genome.">Chemical synthesis of the mouse mitochondrial genome.</a> Nature Methods. 7 (11), 901-903 (2010).</li><li>Zhou, X., Jacobs, T. B., Xue, L. J., Harding, S. A., Tsai, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploiting+SNPs+for+biallelic+CRISPR+mutations+in+the+outcrossing+woody+perennial+Populus+reveals+4-coumarate:CoA+ligase+specificity+and+redundancy.">Exploiting SNPs for biallelic CRISPR mutations in the outcrossing woody perennial Populus reveals 4-coumarate:CoA ligase specificity and redundancy.</a> New Phytologist. , (2015).</li><li>Stemmer, M., Thumberger, T., Keyer, M. D., Wittbrodt, J., Mateo, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CCTop:+An+Intuitive,+Flexible+and+Reliable+CRISPR/Cas9+Target+Prediction+Tool.">CCTop: An Intuitive, Flexible and Reliable CRISPR/Cas9 Target Prediction Tool.</a> Plos One. 10, (2015).</li><li>Lei, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CRISPR-P:+A+Web+Tool+for+Synthetic+Single-Guide+RNA+Design+of+CRISPR-System+in+Plants.">CRISPR-P: A Web Tool for Synthetic Single-Guide RNA Design of CRISPR-System in Plants.</a> Molecular Plant. 7 (9), 1494-1496 (2014).</li><li>Quandt, H. J., Puhler, A., Broer, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TRANSGENIC+ROOT-NODULES+OF+VICIA-HIRSUTA+-+A+FAST+AND+EFFICIENT+SYSTEM+FOR+THE+STUDY+OF+GENE-EXPRESSION+IN+INDETERMINATE-TYPE+NODULES.">TRANSGENIC ROOT-NODULES OF VICIA-HIRSUTA - A FAST AND EFFICIENT SYSTEM FOR THE STUDY OF GENE-EXPRESSION IN INDETERMINATE-TYPE NODULES.</a> Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 6, 699-706 (1993).</li><li>Zhu, X. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+efficient+genotyping+method+for+genome-modified+animals+and+human+cells+generated+with+CRISPR/Cas9+system.">An efficient genotyping method for genome-modified animals and human cells generated with CRISPR/Cas9 system.</a> Scientific Reports. 4 (8), (2014).</li><li>Belhaj, K., Chaparro-Garcia, A., Kamoun, S., Nekrasov, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plant+genome+editing+made+easy:+targeted+mutagenesis+in+model+and+crop+plants+using+the+CRISPR/Cas+system.">Plant genome editing made easy: targeted mutagenesis in model and crop plants using the CRISPR/Cas system.</a> Plant Methods. 9 (1), 39 (2013).</li><li>Cong, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplex+genome+engineering+using+CRISPR/Cas+systems.">Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems.</a> Science. 339 (6121), 819-823 (2013).</li><li>Li, J. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multiplex+and+homologous+recombination-mediated+genome+editing+in+Arabidopsis+and+Nicotiana+benthamiana+using+guide+RNA+and+Cas9.">Multiplex and homologous recombination-mediated genome editing in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana using guide RNA and Cas9.</a> Nat Biotech. 31 (8), 688-691 (2013).</li><li>Fu, Y. F., Sander, J. D., Reyon, D., Cascio, V. M., Joung, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improving+CRISPR-Cas+nuclease+specificity+using+truncated+guide+RNAs.">Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs.</a> Nature Biotechnology. 32 (3), 279-284 (2014).</li><li>Torella, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unique+nucleotide+sequence-guided+assembly+of+repetitive+DNA+parts+for+synthetic+biology+applications.">Unique nucleotide sequence-guided assembly of repetitive DNA parts for synthetic biology applications.</a> Nat Protoc. 9 (9), 2075-2089 (2014).</li><li>Ono, N. N., Tian, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+multiplicity+of+hairy+root+cultures:+Prolific+possibilities.">The multiplicity of hairy root cultures: Prolific possibilities.</a> Plant Science. 180 (3), 439-446 (2011).</li><li>Tepfer, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transformation+of+several+species+of+higher+plants+by+Agrobacterium+rhizogenes.:+sexual+transmission+of+the+transformed+genotype+and+phenotype.">Transformation of several species of higher plants by Agrobacterium rhizogenes.: sexual transmission of the transformed genotype and phenotype.</a> Cell. 37 (3), 959-967 (1984).</li><li>Li, H., Deng, Y., Wu, T. L., Subramanian, S., Yu, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Misexpression+of+miR482,+miR1512,+and+miR1515+Increases+Soybean+Nodulation.">Misexpression of miR482, miR1512, and miR1515 Increases Soybean Nodulation.</a> Plant Physiology. 153 (4), 1759-1770 (2010).</li><li>Boisson-Dernier, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Agrobacterium+rhizogenes-transformed+roots+of+Medicago+truncatula+for+the+study+of+nitrogen-fixing+and+endomycorrhizal+symbiotic+associations.">Agrobacterium rhizogenes-transformed roots of Medicago truncatula for the study of nitrogen-fixing and endomycorrhizal symbiotic associations.</a> Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions. 14 (6), 695-700 (2001).</li><li>Collier, R., Fuchs, B., Walter, N., Kevin Lutke, W., Taylor, C. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vitro.+composite+plants:+an+inexpensive,+rapid+method+for+root+biology.">Ex vitro. composite plants: an inexpensive, rapid method for root biology.</a> Plant Journal. 43 (3), 449-457 (2005).</li></ol>

Since DNA assembly is used to recombine any overlapping DNA sequences, this cloning method can be applied to any CRISPR vector construction. Most CRISPR cloning schemes use either gene synthesis of the gRNA, type IIS restriction enzymes17,18, or overlap-extension PCR19. Each of these techniques has inherent advantages and disadvantages, but they typically require multiple hands-on cloning steps. The primary advantage of the cloning method presented here is that the entire process occurs in a single,...

Förmågan att generera riktade DNA-ändringar med crispr / Cas9 har stor potential för funktionsgenomik studier. Det finns två komponenter i crispr / Cas9 systemet; den Cas9 nukleas, härledd från Staphylococcus pyogenes och ett ungefär 100-nt guide RNA (gRNA) molekyl som styr Cas9 till den målsökta DNA-ställe (n) 1. Måligenkännande ges av den första ~ 20 nt av gRNA, vilket möjliggör hög kapacitet produktion av målstyrningsvektorer 2,3. De flesta organismer som kan manipuleras, redan har varit med crispr / Cas9 teknik 4,5. I växter, konstitutiva promotorer, såsom CaMV 35S-promotorn, används vanligen för att driva expressionen av Cas9 nukleas 6. De gRNAs uttrycks enligt de RNA-polymeras III U6 eller U3 promotorer som begränsar den första basen av gRNA till antingen ett G, för U6, eller A för U3, för effektiv transkription. Dock RNA-polymeras II promoters, som är fria från dessa begränsningar, har också använts 7,8. Olika gRNAs inducerar DNA-mutationer med olika verkningsgrader, så det kan vara viktigt att först validera crispr vektorer innan man investerar i hel-växt transformationer eller inrätta omfattande fenotypiska skärmar. Transient uttryck av crispr konstruktioner i växter, genom att använda agroinfiltration till exempel i allmänhet resulterar i en lägre frekvens av DNA-modifiering jämfört med stabila växter 6, vilket gör detektion av mutationer svåra och fenotypiska analyser opraktiska med sådana metoder. Så kallade håriga rötter är ett bekvämt, alternativt system eftersom ett stort antal av oberoende, stabilt transformerade material kan genereras inom veckor, i motsats till månader för stabila växter. Crispr vektorer är mycket effektiva i att inducera DNA-mutationer i håriga rötter 9,10. DNA monteringsmetoder ligera effektivt DNA-fragment som innehåller overlapping ändar 11. En stor fördel med vissa DNA monteringsmetoder är möjligheten att införliva ssDNA (dvs oligos) i sammansatta produkter. Eftersom gRNAs är endast ~ 20 nt lång och nya mål kan göras med syntetiserade oligonukleotider, dessa DNA monteringsmetoder är väl lämpade för crispr kloning. De protokoll som beskrivs här bygger på P201 serien crispr vektorer som har använts med framgång i soja 10, poppel 12 och nu tomat. Förfarandet kloning presenteras erbjuder flera fördelar jämfört med den aktuella kloningsmetod 10. Nämligen, kan fullt fungerande vektorer genereras i en enda klonings reaktion på en enda dag. Vektorkonstruktion kan också slås samman för att generera flera crispr vektorer parallellt, vilket ytterligare minskar praktisk tid och materialkostnader. Vi presenterar också ett protokoll för generering av tomat håriga rötter som en effektiv metod för att producera transgena material med riktade gen strykningar. Håriga rötter används för att giltigtåt de crispr vektorerna och ge underlag för efterföljande experiment.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="761">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:219px;">NEBuilder&#174; (HiFi DNA assembly mix)</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">New England Biolabs</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">E5520</td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">p201N:Cas9</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>59175</td>
			<td>The p201H:Cas9 plasmid (59176) is also compatible with the reported overlaps and enzymes.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pUC gRNA Shuttle</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>47024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SwaI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0604S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">SpeI</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R0133S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Zymo clean and concentrator-5 column purification</td>
			<td>Zymo Research</td>
			<td>D4003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB Buffer 2.1</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7202S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB CutSmart (Buffer 4)</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7204S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NEB Buffer 3.1</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>B7203S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EconoSpin Mini Spin Column (plasmid prep)</td>
			<td>Epoch Life Sciences</td>
			<td>1910-050/250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">EcoRV-HF&#174;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R3195S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">StyI-HF&#174;</td>
			<td>New England Biolabs</td>
			<td>R3500S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MS Salts + Gamborg Vitamins</td>
			<td>Phytotechnology Laboratories</td>
			<td>M404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phytagel&#8482; (gellan gum)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8169</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">GA-7 Boxes</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>V8505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Micropore&#8482; surgical tape</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>1535-0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Timentin&#174; (Ticarcillin/Clavulanic acid)</td>
			<td>Various</td>
			<td>0029-6571-26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Primers 5&#39; -&#62; 3&#39;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SwaI_MtU6F&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">GATATTAATCTCTTCGATGAAATTTATGCCTATCTTATATGATCAATGAGG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MtU6R&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">AAGCCTACTGGTTCGCTTGAAG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ScaffoldF&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">GTTTTAGAGCTAGAAATAGCAAGTT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SpeI_Scaffold R</td>
			<td colspan="3">GTCATGAATTGTAATACGACTCAAAAAAAAGCACCGACTCGGTG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">StUbi3P218R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">ACATGCACCTAATTTCACTAGATGT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ISceIR</td>
			<td colspan="2">GTGATCGATTACCCTGTTATCCCTAG</td>
			<td>Cannot be used for Sanger sequencing since there is a second binding site on the plasmid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">UNS1_Scaffold R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">GAGAATGGATGCGAGTAATGAAAAAAAGCACCGACTCGGTG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">UNS1_MtU6 F&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">CATTACTCGCATCCATTCTCATGCCTATCTTATATGATCAATGAGG</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">p201R&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">CGCGCCGAATTCTAGTGATCG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="3" height="21" style="height:21px;">Bolded sequences denote 20-nt overlaps with linearized p201N:Cas9.</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

high-throughput crispr vector construction and characterization of dna modifications by generation of tomato hairy roots

Targeted DNA mutations generated by vectors with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have proven useful for functional genomics studies. While most cloning strategies are simple to perform, they generally use multiple steps and can require several days to generate the ultimate constructs. The method presented here is based on DNA assembly and can produce fully functional CRISPR vectors in a single cloning reaction. Vector construction can also be pooled, further increasing the efficiency and utility of the process. A modification of the method is used to create CRISPR vectors with multiple gene targets. CRISPR vectors are then transformed into tomato hairy roots to generate transgenic materials with targeted DNA modifications. Hairy roots are a useful system for testing vector functionality as they are technically simple to generate and amenable to large-scale production. The methods presented here will have wide application as they can be used to generate a variety of CRISPR vectors and be used in a wide range of plant species.

Crispr vektorkonstruktion med DNA enheten genererar typiskt tiotals till hundratals oberoende kloner. Koloni screening genom PCR identifierar lätt korrekta kloner och kan skilja mellan plasmider med och utan insatser (Figur 2A) som är användbar för felsökning. Vanligtvis alla klonerna innehåller en insats och en användare kan välja att hoppa över koloniscreeningsstegen helt och hållet. Diagnostiska digere (figur 2b) och Sanger-sekvensering anv?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots at JoVE.com

High-throughput CRISPR Vector Construction and Characterization of DNA Modifications by Generation of Tomato Hairy Roots

Hög genomströmning crispr Vektorkonstruktion och karakterisering av DNA Ändringar av Generation tomat håriga Roots

Med användning av DNA montering, kan flera crispr vektorer konstrueras parallellt i en enda kloningsreaktion, vilket gör konstruktionen av ett stort antal crispr vektorer en enkel uppgift. Tomat håriga rötter är ett utmärkt modellsystem för att validera crispr vektorer och generera muterade material.

Targeted DNA mutations generated by vectors with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 technology have proven useful for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Generation of RNA/DNA Hybrids in Genomic DNA by Transformation using RNA-containing Oligonucleotides

Generering av RNA / DNA-hybrider i Genomiskt DNA genom omvandling med hjälp av RNA-innehållande oligonukleotider

Synthetic short nucleic acid polymers, oligonucleotides (oligos), are the most functional and widespread tools of molecular biology. Oligos can be ...

Ice-Cap: A Method for Growing Arabidopsis and Tomato Plants in 96-well Plates for High-Throughput Genotyping

Ice-Cap: A Method for Growing Arabidopsis and Tomato Plants in 96-well Plates for High-Throughput Genotyping

Ice-Cap: En metod för odling Arabidopsis Och tomatplantor i 96-brunnar för high-throughput Genotypning

It is becoming common for plant scientists to develop projects that require the genotyping of large numbers of plants. The first step in any genotyping ...

Substrate Generation for Endonucleases of CRISPR/Cas Systems

Substrat för skapandet endonukleaser av CRISPR / CAS Systems

The  interaction of viruses and their prokaryotic hosts shaped the evolution of  bacterial and archaeal life. Prokaryotes developed several strategies to ...

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing (ChIP-seq)

Generation of High Quality Chromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Template for High-throughput Sequencing ChIP-seq

Av hög kvalitet om Kromatin Immunoprecipitation DNA Mall för hög genomströmning sekvensering (chip-seq)

ChIP-sequencing (ChIP-seq) methods directly  offer whole-genome coverage, where combining chromatin immunoprecipitation  (ChIP) and massively parallel ...

Targeted DNA Methylation Analysis by Next-generation Sequencing

Riktade DNA-metylering analys av Nästa generations sekvense

The role of epigenetic processes in the control of gene expression has been known for a number of years. DNA methylation at cytosine residues is of ...

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Hög kapacitet Screening för kemiska modulatorer av Post-transkription Reglerade Gener

Both transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation have a profound impact on genes expression. However, commonly adopted cell-based screening assays ...

DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

DamID-punkter: Genomvid Kartläggning av protein-DNA interaktioner från hög genomströmning sekvensering av Adenine-metylerade DNA-fragment

The DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) assay is a powerful method to detect protein-DNA interactions both locally and genome-wide. It is ...

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

High Resolution Quantification of Crystalline Cellulose Accumulation in Arabidopsis Roots to Monitor Tissue-specific Cell Wall Modifications

Högupplöst Kvantifiering av kristallin cellulosa Ackumulering i<em&gt; Arabidopsis</em&gt; Roots att övervaka Vävnadsspecifik cellvägg Ändringar

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall, the composition of which determines their final size and shape. The cell wall is composed of a complex matrix ...

Amplification, Next-generation Sequencing, and Genomic DNA Mapping of Retroviral Integration Sites

Förstärkning, Nästa generations sekvensering, och Genomic DNA Kartläggning av retroviral integration webbplatser

Retroviruses exhibit signature integration preferences on both the local and global scales. Here, we present a detailed protocol for (1) generation of ...

Isolation, Characterization, And High Throughput Extracellular Flux Analysis of Mouse Primary Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells

Isolering, karakterisering och hög genomströmning extracellulära Flux analys av mus primära renala tubulära epitelceller

Mitochondrial dysfunction in the renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) can lead to renal fibrosis, a major cause of&#160;chronic kidney disease (CKD). ...