Name: frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner for imaging magnetic particles in planar samples
Uploaded: 2016-06-09T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples at JoVE.com

这项工作是由ICT R＆MSIP / IITP，大韩民国（：B0132-15-1001，下一步成像系统的开发批准号）的D程序的支持。

1.设计一个平面FMMD测量头<ol><li>选择的测量头线圈方案。根据图1选择的结构，由两个拾取线圈上面和两个样品下面的（ - ，+，+， - ）序列，与样品坐在两个（+），线圈之间的中心。该标志表示绕组， 即顺时针方向和方向，（+），（ - ）为逆时针方向。由此，拾取线圈的灵敏度变整个样品厚度几乎是均匀的。 <ol><li>放置励磁线圈，使得在拾取线圈直接感应信号，以防止前置...

<ol>
	<li>Tseng, P., Judy, J. W., Di Carlo, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+nanoparticle-mediated+massively+parallel+mechanical+modulation+of+single-cell+behavior.">Magnetic nanoparticle-mediated massively parallel mechanical modulation of single-cell behavior.</a> Nat meth. 9 (11), 1113-1119 (2012).</li><li>Borgert, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fundamentals+and+applications+of+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Fundamentals and applications of magnetic particle imaging.</a> J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr. 6 (3), 149-153 (2012).</li><li>Buzug, T. 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Mater. 24 (28), 3870-3877 (2012).</li><li>Yim, H., Seo, S., Na, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI+Contrast+Agent-Based+Multifunctional+Materials:+Diagnosis+and+Therapy.">MRI Contrast Agent-Based Multifunctional Materials: Diagnosis and Therapy.</a> J Nanomat. 2011 (2011), (2011).</li><li>Gleich, B., Weizenecker, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tomographic+imaging+using+the+nonlinear+response+of+magnetic+particles.">Tomographic imaging using the nonlinear response of magnetic particles.</a> Nature. 435 (7046), 1214-1217 (2005).</li><li>Rahmer, J., Weizenecker, J., Gleich, B., Borgert, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+a+3-D+system+function+measured+for+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Analysis of a 3-D system function measured for magnetic particle imaging.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 31 (6), 1289-1299 (2012).</li><li>Goodwill, P. W., Conolly, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multidimensional+x-space+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Multidimensional x-space magnetic particle imaging.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 30 (9), 1581-1590 (2011).</li><li>Goodwill, P. W., Konkle, J. J., Zheng, B., Saritas, E. U., Conolly, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Projection+x-space+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Projection x-space magnetic particle imaging.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging. 31 (5), 1076-1085 (2012).</li><li>Gr&#228;fe, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Application+Scenario+for+Single-Sided+Magnetic+Particle+Imaging.">An Application Scenario for Single-Sided Magnetic Particle Imaging.</a> Biomed. Tech. 57, (2012).</li><li>Krause, H. -. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+particle+detection+by+frequency+mixing+for+immunoassay+applications.">Magnetic particle detection by frequency mixing for immunoassay applications.</a> J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311 (1), 436-444 (2007).</li><li>Meyer, M. H. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Francisella+tularensis+detection+using+magnetic+labels+and+a+magnetic+biosensor+based+on+frequency+mixing.">Francisella tularensis detection using magnetic labels and a magnetic biosensor based on frequency mixing.</a> J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 311 (1), 259-263 (2007).</li><li>Finas, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Detection+and+distribution+of+superparamagnetic+nanoparticles+in+lymphatic+tissue+in+a+breast+cancer+model+for+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Detection and distribution of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in lymphatic tissue in a breast cancer model for magnetic particle imaging.</a> Biomed. Tech. 57, (2012).</li><li>Hong, H., Lim, J., Choi, C. -. J., Shin, S. -. W., Krause, H. -. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+particle+imaging+with+a+planar+frequency+mixing+magnetic+detection+scanner.">Magnetic particle imaging with a planar frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner.</a> Rev. Sci. Instr. 85 (1), 013705 (2014).</li><li>Haegele, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toward+cardiovascular+interventions+guided+by+magnetic+particle+imaging:+First+instrument+characterization.">Toward cardiovascular interventions guided by magnetic particle imaging: First instrument characterization.</a> Magn. Reson. Med. 69 (6), 1761-1767 (2012).</li><li>Haegele, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+particle+imaging:+visualization+of+instruments+for+cardiovascular+intervention.">Magnetic particle imaging: visualization of instruments for cardiovascular intervention.</a> Radiology. 265 (3), 933-938 (2012).</li><li>Goodwill, P. W., Lu, K., Zheng, B., Conolly, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+x-space+magnetic+particle+imaging+scanner.">An x-space magnetic particle imaging scanner.</a> Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 (3), 033708 (2012).</li><li>Lampe, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+reconstruction+in+magnetic+particle+imaging.">Fast reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging.</a> Phys. Med. Biol. 57 (4), 1113-1134 (2012).</li><li>Yim, H., Seo, S., Na, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MRI+Contrast+Agent-Based+Multifunctional+Materials:+Diagnosis+and+Therapy.">MRI Contrast Agent-Based Multifunctional Materials: Diagnosis and Therapy.</a> J Nanomat. 2011 (2011), (2011).</li></ol>

测量技术利用了超顺磁性粒子的磁化曲线的非线性。双面测量头同时施加不同频率的两个磁激励场的样品，一个低频率（f 2）成分以驱动颗粒进入磁饱和和高的频率（f 1）探测场来测量非线性磁响应。尤其，入射场的两个谐波， 男 · 女 1和n·f 2和总和的频率中，M· 女 1 + N·f 2 ?...

<html>磁性纳米颗粒（MNP）已发现在分子生物学和医学， 即广泛应用，用于生物分子的操纵和单电池1，用于选择性标记进行检测，2，3靶实体染色质调制，4和mRNA分离和癌症治疗5由于其超顺属性，它们是用于医疗成像特别有用。它们可以通过使用超导量子干涉仪（SQUID）检测服务，例如，如造影剂或示踪剂磁共振成像（MRI）或用于磁敏成像2,6的超顺磁性纳米颗粒，得到了良好的对比度，以人类的不同组织体，其是dia-或顺7因此，颗粒可以方便地用于获得人体部位具有相对良好的空间分辨率和灵敏度的医学图像。8 通过GLEICH和Weizenecker 9中引入帐篷“&gt;磁粉成像（MPI）技术利用粒子的磁化非线性的。在零或弱磁场偏差，MNP对频率f的交流激励的反应是强烈的，由于其大的易感性，尤其是粒子的非线性磁化引起谐波N·f的产生，其中n = 2，3，4 ...在高磁场偏置，谐波响应变弱，因为粒子被磁饱和，在在MPI技术中，样品完全除自由场线（FFL）或无场点（FFP）磁化。只有粒子靠近这条线或点将有助于样品的非线性响应。随着适当的接收器线圈的FFP和就业运动，GLEICH和Weizenecker获得MPI图片包含有1mm的空间分辨率。 为了获得MNP的空间分布的信息，这两种方法通常被使用的，传感器的相对于该样品，或FFL / FFP的运动由电磁铁装置2,3的机械运动在后一种情况下，图像重建技术像谐波空间MPI 3或X-空间MPI 10，11，12是必需的。 MPI的空间分辨率被激发和检测线圈的卷积特性以及由磁场梯度的特性来确定。这允许图像重建算​​法，以获得在原始分辨率，这是由拾取线圈的大小和距离以及由麦克斯韦方程支配的磁场分布确定的更高的分辨率。 一个MPI扫描器通常由强磁体用于磁化整个样本，以操纵跨越样品FFL或FFP可控线圈系统，高频激励下Ñ​​线圈系统，以及用于拾取来自样品的非线性响应的检测线圈系统。的FFL / FFP通过样品体积连续移动而从该不饱和样品区的谐波响应被记录。为了避免装配试样放入扫描仪的问题，一个单面MPI扫描器已由格拉夫等人 13表明，但是在降低性能为代价的。如果样品是由磁体和线圈包围得到最好的结果。因为样本具有除FFL / FFP区域充分磁化，该技术需要用水冷却相对大和强烈的磁铁，从而导致相当笨重的MPI系统。 我们的方法是基于频率在超顺磁性粒子的非线性磁化曲线混合14当超paramagnets以两个不同的频率（f1和f2 &lt;暴露于磁场/ EM&gt; 2），较线性组合·M·˚F和频1 + N·F 2（整数数m，生成N）。结果表明，这些组件的外观是高度特异性的粒子的磁化曲线的非线性。15换句话说，当MNP样品在频率f 2和频率的探测场同时暴露于一个驱动磁场F 1，将颗粒在频率f生成响应字段1 + 2·f 2 的 。无磁性非线性样品这个总和频率不会存在，因此特异性极高。我们称这种方法“混频磁性检测”（FMMD）。实验已经证实，该技术产生的颗粒浓度数量级大于四个数量的动态范围。14 &lt;P类=“jove_content”&gt;相反典型MPI仪表，平面混频磁性检测（对- FMMD）方法不需要接近磁化样品到饱和，因为总和频率分量f的产生1 + 2· 女 图2是在零静态偏置字段最大14因此，需要有强烈的和笨重的磁体被减轻。事实上，该测量头的外部尺寸是仅77毫米×68毫米×29毫米。为了比较，MPI设置通常米尺寸7的缺点，但是，是该技术只限于平面样品以2mm的当前设置的最大厚度。样品必须被相对扫描到双面测量头。重新构造允许较厚的样品是可能的，但要在空间分辨率的损失进行交易。 在此基础上FMMD技术，我们提出了一个特殊类型的MPI的DETEC器为平面样品，即所谓的“平面混频磁性检测”（对 - FMMD）扫描仪。这一原则已被最近出版的17本工作中，我们专注于技术和目前的协议的方法，如何建立这样的扫描仪，以及如何执行扫描。它已经表明MPI可应用于医疗诊断目的，例如心血管或癌症成像。16，18，19因此，我们认为，新的MPI扫描器可用于广泛的潜在应用， 例如 ，用于测量磁性粒子分布组织切片。

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic particles &#34;SiMAG Silanol&#34;</td>
			<td>Chemicell (http://www.chemicell.com)</td>
			<td>1101-5</td>
			<td>Aqueous dispersion of magnetic silica particles, Maghemite, dia. 1 &#181;m</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnetic nanoparticles &#34;fluidMAG-Amine&#34;</td>
			<td>Chemicell (http://www.chemicell.com)</td>
			<td>4121-5</td>
			<td>Aqueous dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles, Magnetite, dia. 50 nm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtube 10 &#181;l</td>
			<td>Hirschmann Laborger&#228;te (http://www.hirschmann-laborgeraete.de/?sc_lang=en)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>volume 10 &#181;l, outer diameter 400 &#181;m, length 40 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitrocellulose Membrane Biodyne B</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific (http://www.thermoscientific.com)</td>
			<td>77016</td>
			<td>Biodyne B Nylon Membrane, 0.45 &#181;m, 8 cm x 12 cm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DDS chip AD9834</td>
			<td>Analog Devices (http://www.analog.com)</td>
			<td>AD9834</td>
			<td>20 mW Power, 2.3 V to 5.5 V, 75 MHz Complete DDS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operational Amplifier AD829</td>
			<td>Analog Devices (http://www.analog.com)</td>
			<td>AD829</td>
			<td>High Speed, Low Noise Video Op Amp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Analog Multiplier MPY634</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments (http://www.ti.com)</td>
			<td>MPY634</td>
			<td>Wide Bandwidth Precision Analog Multiplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>High-Speed Buffer BUF634</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments (http://www.ti.com)</td>
			<td>BUF634</td>
			<td>250mA High-Speed Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operational Amplifier OPA627</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments (http://www.ti.com)</td>
			<td>OPA627</td>
			<td>Precision High-Speed Difet(R) Operational Amplifiers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operational Amplifier TL072</td>
			<td>Texas Instruments (http://www.ti.com)</td>
			<td>TL072</td>
			<td>Dual Low-Noise JFET-Input General-Purpose Operational Amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lock-In Amplifier SR830</td>
			<td>Stanford Instruments (http://www.thinksrs.com)</td>
			<td>SR830</td>
			<td>100 kHz DSP lock-in amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>XYZ motorized stage</td>
			<td>Sciencetown, Incheon, Korea (http://mkmsll.en.ec21.com/)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cleanroom wiper</td>
			<td>Seoul Semitech Co (http://www.seoulsemi.com)</td>
			<td>CF-909</td>
			<td>dimension 2.0 mm &#215; 18 mm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

frequency mixing magnetic detection scanner for imaging magnetic particles in planar samples

平面混频执行扁平样品的磁粒子成像（MPI）磁探测（P-FMMD）扫描仪的设置提出。它由上安装在U形支撑件的腿的样本两侧的两个磁测量磁头。样品被局部暴露于由两个不同的频率，有更强的组分在约77千赫的磁激励场和一个较弱的磁场在61赫兹。超顺磁性粒子的非线性磁化特性引起的互调产物的产生。的高频和低频磁场入射到磁非线性颗粒的选定和频分量由解调电子记录。在对比常规的MPI扫描器，由于两个频率的混合发生在本地对 - FMMD不需要强磁场的整个样品中的应用。因此，样品的横向尺寸只是由扫描范围和支撑的限制。然而，样品的高度决定了空间分辨率。在当前的设置，是限定于2毫米。作为例子，我们提出从样品中硅醇基基质，并与氨基硅烷基50纳米磁性颗粒1微米直径的颗粒磁赤铁矿收购了两家20毫米×25毫米毫米P-FMMD图像。的结果表明，该新型的MPI扫描器可以应用于生物薄样品的分析和用于医疗诊断目的。

图5a示出的内双差分检测线圈的所计算出的灵敏度分布的坐标x的在样品平面的函数和y。它是通过确定在由所有四个检测线圈产生的中央平面中的所有点（X，Y）的磁场叠加在逆方法算出。相反，这个判断上述检测线圈对在每个这些点的磁矩灵敏度。计算被逼近线圈的高度可以忽略不计长的线圈进行。因此，在图5a中所示...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples at JoVE.com

Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection Scanner for Imaging Magnetic Particles in Planar Samples

一种用于成像平面样品中的磁性粒子扫描器用的是平面混频磁性检测技术的发展。从颗粒的非线性nonhysteretic磁化磁互调产物的反应后的两频率激励被记录。它可用于取薄的生物样品的二维图像。

混频磁探测仪在平面样品成像磁性微粒

The setup of a planar Frequency Mixing Magnetic Detection (p-FMMD) scanner for performing Magnetic Particles Imaging (MPI) of flat samples is presented. ...

Research

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Phase Diagram Characterization Using Magnetic Beads as Liquid Carriers

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Magnetic beads with ~1.9 &#181;m average diameter were used to transport microliter volumes of liquids between contiguous liquid segments with a tube for ...

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Developing low-cost, efficient processes for recovering and recycling palladium, gold and cobalt metals from urban mine remains a significant challenge in ...

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Imaging of hyperpolarized substrates by magnetic resonance shows great clinical promise for assessment of critical biochemical processes in real time. Due ...

Resonance Fluorescence of an InGaAs Quantum Dot in a Planar Cavity Using Orthogonal Excitation and Detection

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Near-Infrared Temperature Measurement Technique for Water Surrounding an Induction-heated Small Magnetic Sphere

感应加热小磁球周围水近红外测温技术

A technique to measure the temperature of water and non-turbid aqueous media surrounding an induction-heated small magnetic sphere is presented. This ...

Fabrication of Magnetic Nanostructures on Silicon Nitride Membranes for Magnetic Vortex Studies Using Transmission Microscopy Techniques

用透射显微技术制备氮化硅薄膜磁性纳米结构的研究

Electron and x-ray magnetic microscopies allow for high-resolution magnetic imaging down to tens of nanometers. However, the samples need to be prepared ...

A Random-displacement Measurement by Combining a Magnetic Scale and Two Fiber Bragg Gratings

通过组合磁量表和两个光纤布拉格光栅进行随机位移测量

Long-distance displacement measurements using optical fibers have always been a challenge in both basic research and industrial production. We developed ...

Enrich and Expand Rare Antigen-specific T Cells with Magnetic Nanoparticles

利用磁性纳米粒子丰富和扩大罕见抗原特异性 t 细胞

We have developed a tool to both enrich and expand antigen-specific T cells. This can be helpful in cases such as to A) detect the existence of ...

Infrared Degenerate Four-wave Mixing with Upconversion Detection for Quantitative Gas Sensing

用于定量气体传感的红外退化四波融合与上转换检测

We present a protocol for performing gas spectroscopy using infrared degenerated four-wave mixing (IR-DFWM), for the quantitative detection of gas species ...