Name: epigenetic regulation of cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells and tissues
Uploaded: 2016-06-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge funding agencies, the IMI StemBANCC European community programme, the leducq Foundation (SHAPEHEART) and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (Genopath)

1. DNA-蛋白质交联<ol><li>从ES细胞和胚胎的心脏组织中产生的固定在15ml管中收获-ES细胞（2×10 6个细胞进行常规的ChIP，2×10 5个细胞的微芯片），胚状体（EB）从E9.5小鼠胚胎解剖（房室管，使用在PBS中的1％甲醛细胞或胚胎组织中透PB2缓冲器流出道和心室）。放置在轨道摇床管在室温下以60rpm的速度恰好10分钟。 </li><li>通过加入甘氨酸至125毫的终浓度停止交联反应，并在60 rpm的速度孵...

<ol>
	<li>Buckingham, M., Meilhac, S., Zaffran, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Building+the+mammalian+heart+from+two+sources+of+myocardial+cells.">Building the mammalian heart from two sources of myocardial cells.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 6, 826-835 (2005).</li><li>Chen, T., Dent, S. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+modifiers+and+remodellers:+regulators+of+cellular+differentiation.">Chromatin modifiers and remodellers: regulators of cellular differentiation.</a> Nat Rev Genet. 15, 93-106 (2014).</li><li>Collas, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+current+state+of+chromatin+immunoprecipitation.">The current state of chromatin immunoprecipitation.</a> Mol Biotechnol. 45, 87-100 (2010).</li><li>Gade, P., Kalvakolanu, D. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chromatin+immunoprecipitation+assay+as+a+tool+for+analyzing+transcription+factor+activity.">Chromatin immunoprecipitation assay as a tool for analyzing transcription factor activity.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 809, 85-104 (2012).</li><li>Scott, V., Clark, A. R., Docherty, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+gel+retardation+assay.">The gel retardation assay.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 31, 339-347 (1994).</li><li>Van Vliet, P., Wu, S. M., Zaffran, S., Puceat, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+cardiac+development:+a+view+from+stem+cells+to+embryos.">Early cardiac development: a view from stem cells to embryos.</a> Cardiovasc Res. 96, 352-362 (2012).</li><li>Leschik, J., Caron, L., Yang, H., Cowan, C., Puceat, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+view+of+bivalent+epigenetic+marks+in+two+human+embryonic+stem+cell+lines+reveals+a+different+cardiogenic+potential.">A view of bivalent epigenetic marks in two human embryonic stem cell lines reveals a different cardiogenic potential.</a> Stem Cells Dev. 24, 384-392 (2015).</li><li>Bonn, S., Zinzen, R. P., Girardot, C., Gustafson, E. H., Perez-Gonzalez, A., Delhomme, N., Ghavi-Helm, Y., Wilczynski, B., Riddell, A., Furlong, E. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-specific+analysis+of+chromatin+state+identifies+temporal+signatures+of+enhancer+activity+during+embryonic+development.">Tissue-specific analysis of chromatin state identifies temporal signatures of enhancer activity during embryonic development.</a> Nat Genet. 44, 148-156 (2012).</li><li>Kim, T. K., Shiekhattar, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Architectural+and+Functional+Commonalities+between+Enhancers+and+Promoters.">Architectural and Functional Commonalities between Enhancers and Promoters.</a> Cell. 162, 948-959 (2015).</li><li>Abboud, N., Moore-Morris, T., Hiriart, E., Yang, H., Bezerra, H., Gualazzi, M. G., Stefanovic, S., Guenantin, A. C., Evans, S. M., Puceat, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cohesin-OCT4+complex+mediates+Sox+enhancers+to+prime+an+early+embryonic+lineage.">A cohesin-OCT4 complex mediates Sox enhancers to prime an early embryonic lineage.</a> Nat Commun. 6, 6749 (2015).</li><li>Dahl, J. A., Collas, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Q2ChIP,+a+quick+and+quantitative+chromatin+immunoprecipitation+assay,+unravels+epigenetic+dynamics+of+developmentally+regulated+genes+in+human+carcinoma+cells.">Q2ChIP, a quick and quantitative chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, unravels epigenetic dynamics of developmentally regulated genes in human carcinoma cells.</a> Stem Cells. 25, 1037-1046 (2007).</li><li>Bernstein, B. E., Mikkelsen, T. S., Xie, X., Kamal, M., Huebert, D. J., Cuff, J., Fry, B., Meissner, A., Wernig, M., Plath, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+bivalent+chromatin+structure+marks+key+developmental+genes+in+embryonic+stem+cells.">A bivalent chromatin structure marks key developmental genes in embryonic stem cells.</a> Cell. 125, 315-326 (2006).</li><li>Wamstad, J. A., Alexander, J. M., Truty, R. M., Shrikumar, A., Li, F., Eilertson, K. E., Ding, H., Wylie, J. N., Pico, A. R., Capra, J. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+and+coordinated+epigenetic+regulation+of+developmental+transitions+in+the+cardiac+lineage.">Dynamic and coordinated epigenetic regulation of developmental transitions in the cardiac lineage.</a> Cell. 151, 206-220 (2012).</li><li>Stergachis, A. B., Neph, S., Reynolds, A., Humbert, R., Miller, B., Paige, S. L., Vernot, B., Cheng, J. B., Thurman, R. E., Sandstrom, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+fate+and+cellular+maturity+encoded+in+human+regulatory+DNA+landscapes.">Developmental fate and cellular maturity encoded in human regulatory DNA landscapes.</a> Cell. 154, 888-903 (2013).</li><li>Brind'Amour, J., Liu, S., Hudson, M., Chen, C., Karimi, M. M., Lorincz, M. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+ultra-low-input+native+ChIP-seq+protocol+for+genome-wide+profiling+of+rare+cell+populations.">An ultra-low-input native ChIP-seq protocol for genome-wide profiling of rare cell populations.</a> Nat Commun. 6, 6033 (2015).</li></ol>

表观遗传学已成为发育生物学研究的一个重要领域。如何遗传程序在胚胎细胞被激活以允许细胞胚胎谱系中获取的特定身份已经长时间为发育生物学家的一个关键问题。 芯片具有在过去几年内被广泛使用，并结合到DNA测序按照测序分辨率的改善。这已成为以在基因组中广泛依赖性进行调查细胞或特定的胚胎和成年组织的后生景观的强大技术。芯片分析缓冲和超声条件得到极?...

<html>心脏是要形成的第一器官，并成为在胚胎功能。的心脏是从来自第一和第二胚胎心脏字段1出现许多细胞谱系建造。从受精后的囊胚阶段到心脏形，胚胎细胞具有从而使许多细胞命运的决定。基因转录是在时间和空间依赖性管制，是胚胎发育过程中underlies细胞命运决定的关键生物过程。这样的方法是由基因组，包括增强子和心组成的基因的启动子中的绑定调节区特异性转录因子介导的。的DNA是围绕经受修饰例如乙酰化，甲基化，泛素化和/或磷酸化组蛋白包裹。组蛋白修饰导致取决于压抑，活化或蓄势基因转录在其上的组蛋白的赖氨酸残基被修饰2。 jove_content“&gt;染色质免疫沉淀（芯片）已经成立年前3，是目前最广泛使用的技术，以确定任何修饰组蛋白或转录因子4。随着组蛋白或转录因子的免疫目标，结合的DNA可或者通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增或测序。芯片有技术上克服更具挑战性凝胶阻滞测定法5。然而芯片不意味着直接的转录因子的DNA，凝胶阻滞分析的优点的结合。在另一方面，沉淀结合DNA测序已开通的基因调节的新的全基因组的角度。 胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）的胚状体中的概括（ 即 ，细胞聚集），或在二维培养心脏发育6的早期步骤，并在原则上足够的材料芯片提供。此外，人ES细胞分别表示Ca人细胞模型rdiogenesis虽然他们的心源性潜力取决于它们的表观遗传签名7。在开发的后期阶段，小鼠胚胎组织允许调查测定细胞特性所需的特定后生景观。然而，基因组在一个时间和细胞类型特异性方式8转录。基因转录的表观遗传调控具有局部区域内进行研究。在此，我们描述接着用胚胎干细胞，胚状体和心肌特异性胚胎地区PCR或测序沉淀，顺序芯片的协议。这些协议允许调查心脏基因转录的表观遗传调控。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="651">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Formaldehyde&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:123px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">F8775</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Cell Fixation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Glycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G8898</td>
			<td>Cross-link stop</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Aprotinin</td>
			<td>Fluka</td>
			<td>10820</td>
			<td>Proteases inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Leupeptin hemisulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L2882</td>
			<td>Proteases inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">PMSF</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7626</td>
			<td>Proteases inhibitor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Protein A magnetic beads&#160;</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>10001D</td>
			<td>Immunoprecipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">SPRI magnetic beads</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>15002-01</td>
			<td>DNA purification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Proteinase K</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>25530-015</td>
			<td>Protein digestion&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">DNA BR standard&#160;</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>Q32850</td>
			<td>Calibration range&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Syber green</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>S-11484</td>
			<td>DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">TE buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>P7589</td>
			<td>DNA quantification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">PBX 1X</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>14190-094</td>
			<td>Washing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">DNase RNase free water</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>10977-035</td>
			<td>Dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Axygen tube</td>
			<td>Axygen</td>
			<td>MCT-175-C</td>
			<td>ChIP purifiction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;">Antibody&#160;</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Reference</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ChIP concentration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K27ac</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab4729</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K4me1</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410194 (pAb-194-050)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K36me3</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410058 (pAb-058-050)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K9me2</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410060 (pAb-060-050)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K4me3</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410030 (pAb-030-050)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;">H3K27me3</td>
			<td>Diagenode</td>
			<td>C15410069 (pAb-069-050)</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">3 &#181;g for ESC and EBs, 1 &#181;g for tissues</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

epigenetic regulation of cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells and tissues

具体的基因转录是一个重要的生物学过程，在胚胎发育过程中underlies细胞命运决定。生物过程是通过其结合基因组的调节区，包括增强子和心组成的基因的启动子的转录因子介导的。的DNA是围绕经受化学修饰组蛋白包裹。组蛋白的修饰进一步导致压抑，激活或​​泰然自若的基因转录，从而使基因转录微调调控的另一个层次。胚胎干细胞（ES细胞）概括胚状体（ 即 ，细胞聚集体）内，或在2D培养心脏发育的早期步骤。它们提供原则上足够的材料为染色质免疫沉淀（ChIP），一个技术广泛用于鉴定基因的调节区。此外，人ES细胞代表心脏发生的人类细胞的模型。在发育的后期阶段，小鼠胚胎组织允许调查测定细胞特性所需的特定后生景观。在此，我们描述然后进行PCR或使用胚胎干细胞，胚状体和心肌特异性胚胎地区的ChIP测序沉淀，顺序芯片的协议。这些协议允许调查心脏基因转录的表观遗传调控。

图1A首先说明了DNA结合珠和使用不同尺寸（1kb梯）的DNA质量控制的准备。 0NE，珠子2和2.5体积（1至3）加入到样品中纯化高和低分子量大小的DNA片段的一个卷。 图1 B，C，D是从分别从小鼠ES细胞，胚状体或心脏胚胎区域（池25 E9.5心室）萃取整个声振的DNA的DNA凝胶的典型例子。 <p class="jove_content" fo:keep...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues at JoVE.com

Epigenetic Regulation of Cardiac Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Tissues

基因转录的微调调控underlies胚胎细胞命运决定。在此，我们描述了用于研究干细胞和小鼠胚胎的心脏发育的两个心脏分化的表观遗传调控染色质免疫沉淀测定法。

心脏分化的表观遗传调控胚胎干细胞和组织

Specific gene transcription is a key biological process that underlies cell fate decision during embryonic development. The biological process is mediated ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Derivation of Cardiac Progenitor Cells from Embryonic Stem Cells

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the capacity to differentiate into cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle cells (SMC), and endothelial cells and hold great ...

科研

发育生物学

Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Serum-free Monolayer Culture

小鼠胚胎干细胞的无血清单层培养神经细胞分化

The ability to differentiate mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC) to neural progenitors allows the study of the mechanisms controlling neural specification as ...

Isolation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Porcine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues

隔离和脂肪干细胞分化的猪从皮下脂肪组织

Obesity is an unconstrained worldwide epidemic. Unraveling molecular controls in adipose tissue development holds promise to treat obesity or diabetes. ...

Isolation of Murine Embryonic Hemogenic Endothelial Cells

小鼠胚胎Hemogenic内皮细胞的分离

The specification of hemogenic endothelial cells from embryonic vascular endothelium occurs during brief developmental periods within distinct tissues, ...

Large-Scale Production of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using a Highly Reproducible Small Molecule-Based Differentiation Protocol

从人多能干细胞使用高度可重复的小分子为基础的分化协议心肌细胞规模化生产

Maximizing the benefit of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) for research, disease modeling, pharmaceutical and clinical applications requires robust ...

Aggregate Size Optimization in Microwells for Suspension-based Cardiac Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

在微孔聚集尺寸优化人类多能干细胞的基于悬浮心脏分化

Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stems cells (hPSCs) is typically carried out in suspension cell aggregates.  Conventional aggregate formation ...

Analysis of Retinoic Acid-induced Neural Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in Two and Three-dimensional Embryoid Bodies

二维和三维胚体小鼠胚胎干细胞的维甲酸诱导神经分化的分析

Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) isolated from the inner mass of the blastocyst (typically at day E3.5), can be used as in vitro model system for ...

Rapid, Directed Differentiation of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells from Human Embryonic or Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

人胚胎或诱导多能干细胞对视网膜色素上皮细胞的快速定向分化

We describe a robust method to direct the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into retinal pigment epithelial cells (RPE). The purpose of providing ...

Identification of Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cells by Immunofluorescence with Pax7 and Laminin Antibodies

Pax7 和层粘连蛋白抗体免疫荧光法鉴定骨骼肌卫星细胞

Immunofluorescence is an effective method that helps to identify different cell types on tissue sections. In order to study the desired cell population, ...

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

Computational Analysis of the Caenorhabditis elegans Germline to Study the Distribution of Nuclei, Proteins, and the Cytoskeleton

秀丽线虫生殖的计算分析研究细胞核、蛋白质和细胞骨架的分布

The Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) germline is used to study several biologically important processes including stem cell development, apoptosis, and ...