Name: studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways
Uploaded: 2016-10-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

我们承认麦克Muntifering和马特Kofron激光共聚焦成像和盖尔马科与组织程序的帮助。这项工作是部分由卫生NHLBI全国学院（K01HL115447到DS）的支持。

动物饲养在无病原体的条件。小鼠根据由CCHMC机构动物护理和使用委员会（俄亥俄州辛辛那提美国）批准的方案进行处理。在这些研究中使用的小鼠保持在混合的背景。 1.全山的X半乳糖苷酶染色<ol><li>安乐死怀孕的女性在E11.5至E14.5，用CO 2吸入。放置的动物在CO 2室中，该腔室用CO 2进行充电。保持在腔室的动物为5分​​钟最小值。颈椎脱位安乐死进?...

<ol>
	<li>Maeda, Y., Dave, V., Whitsett, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+control+of+lung+morphogenesis.">Transcriptional control of lung morphogenesis.</a> Physiol Rev. 87, 219-244 (2007).</li><li>Morrisey, E. E., Hogan, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparing+for+the+first+breath:+genetic+and+cellular+mechanisms+in+lung+development.">Preparing for the first breath: genetic and cellular mechanisms in lung development.</a> Dev Cell. 18, 8-23 (2010).</li><li>Fausett, S. R., Klingensmith, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compartmentalization+of+the+foregut+tube:+developmental+origins+of+the+trachea+and+esophagus.">Compartmentalization of the foregut tube: developmental origins of the trachea and esophagus.</a> Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 1, 184-202 (2012).</li><li>Goss, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt2/2b+and+beta-catenin+signaling+are+necessary+and+sufficient+to+specify+lung+progenitors+in+the+foregut.">Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.</a> Dev Cell. 17, 290-298 (2009).</li><li>Harris-Johnson, K. S., Domyan, E. T., Vezina, C. M., Sun, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Catenin+promotes+respiratory+progenitor+identity+in+mouse+foregut.">beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106, 16287-16292 (2009).</li><li>Cornett, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wntless+is+required+for+peripheral+lung+differentiation+and+pulmonary+vascular+development.">Wntless is required for peripheral lung differentiation and pulmonary vascular development.</a> Dev Biol. 379, 38-52 (2013).</li><li>Snowball, J., Ambalavanan, M., Whitsett, J., Sinner, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=34;Endodermal+Wnt+signaling+is+required+for+tracheal+cartilage+formation&amp;#34;.">34;Endodermal Wnt signaling is required for tracheal cartilage formation&amp;#34;.</a> Dev Biol. , (2015).</li><li>Shannon, J. M., Hyatt, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interactions+in+the+developing+lung.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing lung.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 66, 625-645 (2004).</li><li>Shannon, J. M., Nielsen, L. D., Gebb, S. A., Randell, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchyme+specifies+epithelial+differentiation+in+reciprocal+recombinants+of+embryonic+lung+and+trachea.">Mesenchyme specifies epithelial differentiation in reciprocal recombinants of embryonic lung and trachea.</a> Dev Dyn. 212, 482-494 (1998).</li><li>Li, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt5a+regulates+Shh+and+Fgf10+signaling+during+lung+development.">Wnt5a regulates Shh and Fgf10 signaling during lung development.</a> Dev Biol. 287, 86-97 (2005).</li><li>Loscertales, M., Mikels, A. J., Hu, J. K., Donahoe, P. K., Roberts, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chick+pulmonary+Wnt5a+directs+airway+and+vascular+tubulogenesis.">Chick pulmonary Wnt5a directs airway and vascular tubulogenesis.</a> Development. 135, 1365-1376 (2008).</li><li>Yin, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+FGF-WNT+gene+regulatory+network+controls+lung+mesenchyme+development.">An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.</a> Dev Biol. 319, 426-436 (2008).</li><li>Shu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt/beta-catenin+signaling+acts+upstream+of+N-myc,+BMP4,+and+FGF+signaling+to+regulate+proximal-distal+patterning+in+the+lung.">Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.</a> Dev Biol. 283, 226-239 (2005).</li><li>Bretholz, A., Morrisey, R., Hoffman, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+OpdA+in+rat+models+of+organic+phosphorus+(OP)+poisoning.">The use of OpdA in rat models of organic phosphorus (OP) poisoning.</a> Toxicology. 257, (2009).</li><li>Goss, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt2+signaling+is+necessary+and+sufficient+to+activate+the+airway+smooth+muscle+program+in+the+lung+by+regulating+myocardin/Mrtf-B+and+Fgf10+expression.">Wnt2 signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate the airway smooth muscle program in the lung by regulating myocardin/Mrtf-B and Fgf10 expression.</a> Dev Biol. 356, 541-552 (2011).</li><li>Mucenski, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Catenin+is+required+for+specification+of+proximal/distal+cell+fate+during+lung+morphogenesis.">beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.</a> J Biol Chem. 278, 40231-40238 (2003).</li><li>Hyatt, B. A., Shangguan, X., Shannon, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF-10+induces+SP-C+and+Bmp4+and+regulates+proximal-distal+patterning+in+embryonic+tracheal+epithelium.">FGF-10 induces SP-C and Bmp4 and regulates proximal-distal patterning in embryonic tracheal epithelium.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 287, L1116-L1126 (2004).</li><li>Del Moral, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VEGF-A+signaling+through+Flk-1+is+a+critical+facilitator+of+early+embryonic+lung+epithelial+to+endothelial+crosstalk+and+branching+morphogenesis.">VEGF-A signaling through Flk-1 is a critical facilitator of early embryonic lung epithelial to endothelial crosstalk and branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Biol. 290, 177-188 (2006).</li><li>Ott, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Confocal+microscopy+in+large+insect+brains:+zinc-formaldehyde+fixation+improves+synapsin+immunostaining+and+preservation+of+morphology+in+whole-mounts.">Confocal microscopy in large insect brains: zinc-formaldehyde fixation improves synapsin immunostaining and preservation of morphology in whole-mounts.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 172, 220-230 (2008).</li><li>Jahrling, N., Becker, K., Dodt, H. U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D-reconstruction+of+blood+vessels+by+ultramicroscopy.">3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy.</a> Organogenesis. 5, 145-148 (2009).</li><li>Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Sox9+by+Sonic+Hedgehog+(Shh)+is+essential+for+patterning+and+formation+of+tracheal+cartilage.">Regulation of Sox9 by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage.</a> Dev Dyn. 239, 514-526 (2010).</li><li>Elluru, R. G., Thompson, F., Reece, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+growth+factor+18+gives+growth+and+directional+cues+to+airway+cartilage.">Fibroblast growth factor 18 gives growth and directional cues to airway cartilage.</a> Laryngoscope. 119, 1153-1165 (2009).</li><li>Ahnfelt-Ronne, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+method+for+three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+protein+expression+patterns+in+intact+mouse+and+chicken+embryos+and+organs.">An improved method for three-dimensional reconstruction of protein expression patterns in intact mouse and chicken embryos and organs.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 55, 925-930 (2007).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158, 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Gillotte, D. M., Fox, P. L., Mjaatvedt, C. H., Hoffman, S., Capehart, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+method+for+analysis+of+chondrogenesis+in+limb+mesenchyme+from+individual+transgenic+(hdf)+embryos.">An in vitro method for analysis of chondrogenesis in limb mesenchyme from individual transgenic (hdf) embryos.</a> Methods Cell Sci. 25, 97-104 (2003).</li><li>Cohen, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+signaling+regulates+smooth+muscle+precursor+development+in+the+mouse+lung+via+a+tenascin+C/PDGFR+pathway.">Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.</a> J Clin Invest. 119, 2538-2549 (2009).</li><li>Boucherat, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+functional+redundancy+between+Hoxa5+and+Hoxb5+paralog+genes+during+lung+morphogenesis.">Partial functional redundancy between Hoxa5 and Hoxb5 paralog genes during lung morphogenesis.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 304, L817-L830 (2013).</li></ol>

事件呼吸道的形态底层不完全了解，特别是用于传导气道的图案化所需的过程。先前的研究已利用离体技术，其特征在于显影外植体在空气-液体相间培养或嵌入在基质胶21,22。这些研究已经表明生长因子如何影响显影气管的构图和气管软骨的形成。一个限制到这些研究是该组织的结构没有正确保持，因此，他们可能不太概括软骨的体内过程。 图案形成<em...

呼吸道发展是通过用Nkx2.1阳性细胞中的腹侧内胚层前肠1,2-外观胚胎9天（E9）来启动。食管-气管套管分离将E11.5解决将管可以区分为不同的实体，分别由间质组织3所包围。 Wnt信号起着呼吸道作为WNT2和WNT2B缺失的说明书中的关键作用，通过从内胚呼吸道上皮内脏间质和β连环蛋白的缺失表达将导致肺发育不全4,5。我们先前的研究确定删除WLS，所有的Wnt配体的受体货物介导的分泌，从肺发育不良的内胚呼吸道结果，肺血管发展和气管间质6,7的错误图案的缺陷。这些数据支持这样的上皮 - 间质CRO的重要性SS交谈在细胞分化和说明书中，因为它也已在其它研究8,9所示。 肺发育的最初阶段的研究依赖于遗传， 在使我们能够更好地理解机制驾驶呼吸身份10-16 体外和体外技术。在空气液体相间全肺外植体培养已被广泛用来研究肺分支形态10,17,18的早期阶段的生长因子的作用。虽然这种方法被用作形态学变化，如分支形态和基因表达的调制读出，它是有限的发育过程的早期阶段的研究中，作为培养本身不支持脉管17的发展。气管软骨的发展需要更长的孵化时间，可能与此培养技术不兼容。 要analyzÈ呼吸道形成过程中的Wnt信号传导的作用，我们已经适应的标准技术，以满足我们的胚胎的研究的需要。我们已经修改卷，染色次，石蜡包埋和定时气管，肺组织清算处理循环。优化在本研究中所描述的技术的主要目的是分析气管发展的早期阶段中所发生从E11到E14.5小鼠。使用报告小鼠线Axin2LacZ在发展中国家间质气管的Wnt我们/β-catenin的活动的精确确定地点。我们还适合整装气管组织凝集素染色的过程。因此，我们能够想象的间充质凝结和预测网站，软骨会发生。整装和WlsShhCre小鼠，加上先进的显微技术获得的胚胎组织切片，染色使我们能够推出由TRA所产生的Wnt配体的作用CHEAL上皮气管图案。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5535</td>
			<td>1:400 , rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-20095</td>
			<td>1:50, rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Smooth Muscle Actin ab.</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5228</td>
			<td>1:2k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:100, guinea pig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:400, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB1893</td>
			<td>1:200, sheep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-32323</td>
			<td>1:4k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNA Lectin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L 7381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Alexa fluor Molecular probes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K3Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K4Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaDOC</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>89905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP4O</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-3157</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisher brand super-frost plus</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA (16%)</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>11K413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Component of TSA kit #2&#160;&#160;&#160; ( T20932)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrDu</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5002-5g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permount</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>SP15-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-loc cassettes Histoscreen</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C-0250-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Premiere</td>
			<td>BC0109</td>
			<td>Available in different colors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear fast red&#160; Kernechtrot 0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N3020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1909-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S4641-1Kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizma hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T5941-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>399000000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro knives</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10318-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 ceramic coated</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11252-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5CO</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11295-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont # 5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91150-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo/Shandon Excelsior ES</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon i90</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wide field microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NikonA1Rsi</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Confocal microscopy. Settings:NikonA1 plus camera, scanner: Galvano, detector:DU4. Optics Plan Apo lambda 10x. Modality: Widefield fluorescence laser confocal.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica MS 16 FA</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fluorescence Dissecting microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Automated fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Application suite</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Leica imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Nikon imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMARIS</td>
			<td>Bitplane</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Imaging processing software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis controlled by Wnt signaling is required to understand how tissues are patterned during normal development. This knowledge is also critical to determine the etiology of birth defects such as lung hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. Analysis of earliest stages of development of respiratory tract imposes challenges, as the limited amount of tissue prevents the performance of standard protocols better suited for postnatal studies. In this paper, we discuss methodologies to study cell differentiation and proliferation in the respiratory tract. We describe techniques such as whole mount staining, processing of the tissue for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence in paraffin sections applied to developing tracheal lung. We also discuss methodologies for the study of tracheal mesenchyme differentiation, in particular cartilage formation. Approaches and techniques discussed in the current paper circumvent the limitation of material while working with embryonic tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the patterning process of developing conducting airways.

的Wnt /β-catenin的活性从记者紫胶的Axin2小鼠-Z分离出11胚胎气管，肺组织中检测到整装紫胶-Z染色。染色网站注明的Wnt /β-catenin的活动。整装染色的切片的分析中确定的Wnt /β-catenin的活性存在于气管的间质和在显影肺部周边区域的间质。在WlsShhCre胚胎（其中，从呼吸道的上皮的Wnt配体的分泌?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

利用耦合到整装报告小鼠和切片染色，显微镜和体内试验方便的呼吸道的正常图案形成底层机制的分析。在这里，我们将介绍这些技术如何促进Wnt信号的气管发育过程中的分析。

研究Wnt信号传导过程中的航空公司图案

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

使用静态器官培养研究腭融合的方法

Cleft lip and palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The secondary palate forms from mesenchymal shelves covered with epithelium that ...

科研

发育生物学

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

利用共聚焦分析<em&gt;非洲爪蟾</em&gt;调查的Wnt和Shh形态发生素梯度的调节剂

This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the ...

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

简单的力量：海胆胚胎作为<em&gt;体内</em&gt;对于研究复杂的细胞与细胞间信号传导网络交互开发模式

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

在鼠标破骨细胞前体Notch信号的刺激

Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

体外在拟南芥中受精卵分化和胚模式的活体细胞成像的胚珠培养

In most flowering plants, the zygote and embryo are hidden deep in the mother tissue, and thus it has long been a mystery of how they develop dynamically; ...

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

有丝分裂过程中染色体分离的活体细胞成像

Chromosomes must be reliably and uniformly segregated into daughter cells during mitotic cell division. Fidelity of chromosomal segregation is controlled ...

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

达尼奥胚胎发生过程中的上眼硫可视化

Congenital ocular coloboma is a genetic disorder that is typically observed as a cleft in the inferior aspect of the eye resulting from incomplete choroid ...

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development

早期开发期间海葵基因分型

Described here is a PCR-based protocol to genotype the gastrula stage embryo of the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis without sacrificing the ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

全斑马鱼胚胎的延长时移共聚焦显微镜的分层安装方法

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

毛因神经发生期间诺奇信号动力学的实时生物发光成像

Notch signaling regulates the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cells by cell-cell interactions. The components of Notch signaling exhibit dynamic ...