Name: studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways
Uploaded: 2016-10-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Wij erkennen de hulp van Mike Muntifering en Matt Kofron met confocale beeldvorming en Gail Macke met histologische procedures. Dit werk werd gedeeltelijk ondersteund door de National Institutes of Health-NHLBI (K01HL115447 DS).

De dieren werden gehuisvest in pathogeenvrije omstandigheden. De muizen werden behandeld volgens de protocollen door CCHMC Institutional Animal Care en gebruik Comite (Cincinnati, OH USA) goedgekeurd. Muizen gebruikt tijdens deze studies werden een gemengde achtergrond gehandhaafd. 1. hele berg X-galactosidase kleuring <ol><li> Euthanaseren zwangere vrouw op E11.5 naar E14.5 door CO 2 inhalatie. Plaats dieren in CO 2 kamer, laad de kamer met CO 2. Handhavin...

<ol>
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U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D-reconstruction+of+blood+vessels+by+ultramicroscopy.">3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy.</a> Organogenesis. 5, 145-148 (2009).</li><li>Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Sox9+by+Sonic+Hedgehog+(Shh)+is+essential+for+patterning+and+formation+of+tracheal+cartilage.">Regulation of Sox9 by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage.</a> Dev Dyn. 239, 514-526 (2010).</li><li>Elluru, R. 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Gebeurtenissen achter de morfogenese van de luchtwegen worden niet volledig begrepen, met name de voor de patroonvorming van de geleidende luchtwegen processen. Eerdere studies hebben ex vivo technieken, waarbij de ontwikkeling van explantaten worden gekweekt in de lucht-vloeistof interfase of ingebed in Matrigel 21,22 benut. Deze studies hebben aangetoond hoe groeifactoren de patroonvorming van de ontwikkeling trachea en de vorming van tracheale kraakbeen beïnvloeden. Een beperking van deze studies...

Luchtwegen ontwikkeling wordt geïnitieerd door embryonale dag 9 (E9) met het verschijnen van Nkx2.1 positieve cellen in het ventrale endodermale voordarm 1,2. Slokdarm-tracheatube scheiding zal oplossen door E11.5 wanneer de buizen kunnen worden onderscheiden als afzonderlijke entiteiten, elk omringd door mesenchymale weefsel 3. Wnt signalering speelt een belangrijke rol in de beschrijving van de luchtwegen als deletie van Wnt2 en Wnt2b door de splanchnische mesenchym en verwijdering van β-catenine uit de endodermale luchtwegepitheel expressie resulteert in de longen agenesis 4,5. Onze eerdere studies vastgesteld dat de schrapping van Wls, een lading receptor bemiddelen afscheiding van alle Wnt liganden, uit de endodermale luchtwegen resultaten in long hypoplasie, defecten in de longvaten ontwikkeling en mis-patroonvorming van de tracheale mesenchym 6,7. Deze gegevens ondersteunen het belang van de epitheliale-mesenchymale cross praten celdifferentiatie en specificatie, zoals ook in andere studies 8,9 getoond. De studie van de vroegste stadia van ontwikkeling van de longen vertrouwt op genetische, in vitro en ex vivo technieken die liet ons toe om beter te begrijpen mechanismen achter de luchtwegen identiteit 10-16. Hele long explantkweken bij Air Liquide interfase op grote schaal gebruikt om de effecten van groeifactoren in een vroege pulmonale vertakkende morfogenese 10,17,18 bestuderen. Hoewel deze methode wordt gebruikt als uitlezing van morfologische veranderingen, zoals vertakkingen morfogenese en genexpressie moduleren, is beperkt tot de studie van de vroege stadia van het ontwikkelingsproces, de cultuur zelf ondersteunt de ontwikkeling van bloedvaten 17. Ontwikkeling van tracheale kraakbeen vereist langere incubatietijden die niet compatibel zijn met deze cultuur techniek kan zijn. om Analyze de rol van Wnt signalering tijdens luchtwegen vormen, hebben we standaardtechnieken aangepast aan de behoeften van embryonale studies voldoen. We hebben gewijzigd volumes, kleuring tijden, verwerking fietsen voor paraffine inbedding en de timing voor de clearing van tracheale-longweefsel. Het belangrijkste doel van het optimaliseren van de in deze studie beschreven technieken was om de vroegste stadia van tracheale ontwikkeling te analyseren bij muizen die plaatsvinden van E11 naar E14.5. Met behulp van de reporter muizen lijn Axin2LacZ we nauwkeurig bepaalde plaatsen van Wnt / β-catenine activiteit in de ontwikkeling van tracheale mesenchym. We hebben ook aangepast lectine kleuring procedure voor het ganse berg tracheale weefsel. Zo waren we in staat om mesenchymale verdichtingen visualiseren en locaties waar chondrogenese zal plaatsvinden voorspellen. Kleuring van ganse berg en secties van embryonaal weefsel verkregen uit WlsShhCre muizen, gecombineerd met geavanceerde microscopische technieken, konden we de rol van Wnt liganden door de tra onthullenCheal epitheel in tracheale patronen.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5535</td>
			<td>1:400 , rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-20095</td>
			<td>1:50, rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Smooth Muscle Actin ab.</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5228</td>
			<td>1:2k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:100, guinea pig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:400, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB1893</td>
			<td>1:200, sheep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-32323</td>
			<td>1:4k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNA Lectin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L 7381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Alexa fluor Molecular probes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K3Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K4Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaDOC</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>89905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP4O</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-3157</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisher brand super-frost plus</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA (16%)</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>11K413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Component of TSA kit #2&#160;&#160;&#160; ( T20932)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrDu</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5002-5g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permount</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>SP15-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-loc cassettes Histoscreen</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C-0250-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Premiere</td>
			<td>BC0109</td>
			<td>Available in different colors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear fast red&#160; Kernechtrot 0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N3020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1909-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S4641-1Kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizma hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T5941-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>399000000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro knives</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10318-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 ceramic coated</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11252-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5CO</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11295-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont # 5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91150-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo/Shandon Excelsior ES</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon i90</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wide field microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NikonA1Rsi</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Confocal microscopy. Settings:NikonA1 plus camera, scanner: Galvano, detector:DU4. Optics Plan Apo lambda 10x. Modality: Widefield fluorescence laser confocal.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica MS 16 FA</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fluorescence Dissecting microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Automated fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Application suite</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Leica imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Nikon imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMARIS</td>
			<td>Bitplane</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Imaging processing software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis controlled by Wnt signaling is required to understand how tissues are patterned during normal development. This knowledge is also critical to determine the etiology of birth defects such as lung hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. Analysis of earliest stages of development of respiratory tract imposes challenges, as the limited amount of tissue prevents the performance of standard protocols better suited for postnatal studies. In this paper, we discuss methodologies to study cell differentiation and proliferation in the respiratory tract. We describe techniques such as whole mount staining, processing of the tissue for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence in paraffin sections applied to developing tracheal lung. We also discuss methodologies for the study of tracheal mesenchyme differentiation, in particular cartilage formation. Approaches and techniques discussed in the current paper circumvent the limitation of material while working with embryonic tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the patterning process of developing conducting airways.

Wnt / β-catenine activiteit Whole mount Lac-Z kleuring werd gedetecteerd in tracheale-longweefsel van embryo geïsoleerd uit reporter Axin2 Lac -Z muizen 11. Sites van kleuring geven Wnt / β-catenine-activiteit. Analyse van de secties van de hele berg kleuring vastgesteld dat Wnt / β-catenine-activiteit aanwezig is in het mesenchym van de luchtpijp en in mesenchym van de perifere re...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

Het gebruik van reporter muizen gekoppeld aan ganse berg en rubriek vlekken, microscopie en in vivo assays vergemakkelijkt de analyse van de onderliggende mechanismen van het normale patroon van de luchtwegen. Hier beschrijven we hoe deze technieken hebben bijgedragen aan de analyse van Wnt signalering gedurende tracheale ontwikkeling.

Studeren Wnt Signalering Tijdens patroonvorming van Conducting Airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

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Cleft lip and palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The secondary palate forms from mesenchymal shelves covered with epithelium that ...

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Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

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This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the ...

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

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Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

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Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

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In Vitro Zaadknop teelt voor Live-cel Imaging van Zygote polarisatie en Embryo patronen in Arabidopsis thaliana

In most flowering plants, the zygote and embryo are hidden deep in the mother tissue, and thus it has long been a mystery of how they develop dynamically; ...

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

Levende cel beeldvorming van chromosoom segregatie tijdens de mitose

Chromosomes must be reliably and uniformly segregated into daughter cells during mitotic cell division. Fidelity of chromosomal segregation is controlled ...

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

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Congenital ocular coloboma is a genetic disorder that is typically observed as a cleft in the inferior aspect of the eye resulting from incomplete choroid ...

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development

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Described here is a PCR-based protocol to genotype the gastrula stage embryo of the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis without sacrificing the ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

Een gelaagde montagemethode voor de uitgebreide time-lapse confocale microscopie van hele zebravis embryo's

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

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