Name: studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways
Uploaded: 2016-10-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

私たちは、組織学的手順で共焦点イメージングとゲイルマッケとマイクMuntiferingとマットKofronの支援を認めます。この作品は、部分的に健康NHLBI（DSへK01HL115447）の国立研究所によってサポートされていました。

動物を無菌条件下で飼育しました。マウスはCCHMC施設内動物管理使用委員会（オハイオ州シンシナティUSA）によって承認されたプロトコルに従って取り扱われました。これらの研究を通して利用したマウスは混合バックグラウンドで維持しました。 1.ホールマウントX-ガラクトシダーゼ染色<ol><li> CO 2吸入によって、E14.5にE11.5で妊娠中の女性を安楽死させます。 ...

<ol>
	<li>Maeda, Y., Dave, V., Whitsett, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+control+of+lung+morphogenesis.">Transcriptional control of lung morphogenesis.</a> Physiol Rev. 87, 219-244 (2007).</li><li>Morrisey, E. E., Hogan, B. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparing+for+the+first+breath:+genetic+and+cellular+mechanisms+in+lung+development.">Preparing for the first breath: genetic and cellular mechanisms in lung development.</a> Dev Cell. 18, 8-23 (2010).</li><li>Fausett, S. R., Klingensmith, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compartmentalization+of+the+foregut+tube:+developmental+origins+of+the+trachea+and+esophagus.">Compartmentalization of the foregut tube: developmental origins of the trachea and esophagus.</a> Wiley Interdiscip Rev Dev Biol. 1, 184-202 (2012).</li><li>Goss, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt2/2b+and+beta-catenin+signaling+are+necessary+and+sufficient+to+specify+lung+progenitors+in+the+foregut.">Wnt2/2b and beta-catenin signaling are necessary and sufficient to specify lung progenitors in the foregut.</a> Dev Cell. 17, 290-298 (2009).</li><li>Harris-Johnson, K. S., Domyan, E. T., Vezina, C. M., Sun, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Catenin+promotes+respiratory+progenitor+identity+in+mouse+foregut.">beta-Catenin promotes respiratory progenitor identity in mouse foregut.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106, 16287-16292 (2009).</li><li>Cornett, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wntless+is+required+for+peripheral+lung+differentiation+and+pulmonary+vascular+development.">Wntless is required for peripheral lung differentiation and pulmonary vascular development.</a> Dev Biol. 379, 38-52 (2013).</li><li>Snowball, J., Ambalavanan, M., Whitsett, J., Sinner, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=34;Endodermal+Wnt+signaling+is+required+for+tracheal+cartilage+formation&amp;#34;.">34;Endodermal Wnt signaling is required for tracheal cartilage formation&amp;#34;.</a> Dev Biol. , (2015).</li><li>Shannon, J. M., Hyatt, B. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epithelial-mesenchymal+interactions+in+the+developing+lung.">Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in the developing lung.</a> Annu Rev Physiol. 66, 625-645 (2004).</li><li>Shannon, J. M., Nielsen, L. D., Gebb, S. A., Randell, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchyme+specifies+epithelial+differentiation+in+reciprocal+recombinants+of+embryonic+lung+and+trachea.">Mesenchyme specifies epithelial differentiation in reciprocal recombinants of embryonic lung and trachea.</a> Dev Dyn. 212, 482-494 (1998).</li><li>Li, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt5a+regulates+Shh+and+Fgf10+signaling+during+lung+development.">Wnt5a regulates Shh and Fgf10 signaling during lung development.</a> Dev Biol. 287, 86-97 (2005).</li><li>Loscertales, M., Mikels, A. J., Hu, J. K., Donahoe, P. K., Roberts, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chick+pulmonary+Wnt5a+directs+airway+and+vascular+tubulogenesis.">Chick pulmonary Wnt5a directs airway and vascular tubulogenesis.</a> Development. 135, 1365-1376 (2008).</li><li>Yin, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+FGF-WNT+gene+regulatory+network+controls+lung+mesenchyme+development.">An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.</a> Dev Biol. 319, 426-436 (2008).</li><li>Shu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt/beta-catenin+signaling+acts+upstream+of+N-myc,+BMP4,+and+FGF+signaling+to+regulate+proximal-distal+patterning+in+the+lung.">Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.</a> Dev Biol. 283, 226-239 (2005).</li><li>Bretholz, A., Morrisey, R., Hoffman, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+OpdA+in+rat+models+of+organic+phosphorus+(OP)+poisoning.">The use of OpdA in rat models of organic phosphorus (OP) poisoning.</a> Toxicology. 257, (2009).</li><li>Goss, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt2+signaling+is+necessary+and+sufficient+to+activate+the+airway+smooth+muscle+program+in+the+lung+by+regulating+myocardin/Mrtf-B+and+Fgf10+expression.">Wnt2 signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate the airway smooth muscle program in the lung by regulating myocardin/Mrtf-B and Fgf10 expression.</a> Dev Biol. 356, 541-552 (2011).</li><li>Mucenski, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Catenin+is+required+for+specification+of+proximal/distal+cell+fate+during+lung+morphogenesis.">beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.</a> J Biol Chem. 278, 40231-40238 (2003).</li><li>Hyatt, B. A., Shangguan, X., Shannon, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF-10+induces+SP-C+and+Bmp4+and+regulates+proximal-distal+patterning+in+embryonic+tracheal+epithelium.">FGF-10 induces SP-C and Bmp4 and regulates proximal-distal patterning in embryonic tracheal epithelium.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 287, L1116-L1126 (2004).</li><li>Del Moral, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VEGF-A+signaling+through+Flk-1+is+a+critical+facilitator+of+early+embryonic+lung+epithelial+to+endothelial+crosstalk+and+branching+morphogenesis.">VEGF-A signaling through Flk-1 is a critical facilitator of early embryonic lung epithelial to endothelial crosstalk and branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Biol. 290, 177-188 (2006).</li><li>Ott, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Confocal+microscopy+in+large+insect+brains:+zinc-formaldehyde+fixation+improves+synapsin+immunostaining+and+preservation+of+morphology+in+whole-mounts.">Confocal microscopy in large insect brains: zinc-formaldehyde fixation improves synapsin immunostaining and preservation of morphology in whole-mounts.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 172, 220-230 (2008).</li><li>Jahrling, N., Becker, K., Dodt, H. U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D-reconstruction+of+blood+vessels+by+ultramicroscopy.">3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy.</a> Organogenesis. 5, 145-148 (2009).</li><li>Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Sox9+by+Sonic+Hedgehog+(Shh)+is+essential+for+patterning+and+formation+of+tracheal+cartilage.">Regulation of Sox9 by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage.</a> Dev Dyn. 239, 514-526 (2010).</li><li>Elluru, R. G., Thompson, F., Reece, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+growth+factor+18+gives+growth+and+directional+cues+to+airway+cartilage.">Fibroblast growth factor 18 gives growth and directional cues to airway cartilage.</a> Laryngoscope. 119, 1153-1165 (2009).</li><li>Ahnfelt-Ronne, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+method+for+three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+protein+expression+patterns+in+intact+mouse+and+chicken+embryos+and+organs.">An improved method for three-dimensional reconstruction of protein expression patterns in intact mouse and chicken embryos and organs.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 55, 925-930 (2007).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158, 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Gillotte, D. M., Fox, P. L., Mjaatvedt, C. H., Hoffman, S., Capehart, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+method+for+analysis+of+chondrogenesis+in+limb+mesenchyme+from+individual+transgenic+(hdf)+embryos.">An in vitro method for analysis of chondrogenesis in limb mesenchyme from individual transgenic (hdf) embryos.</a> Methods Cell Sci. 25, 97-104 (2003).</li><li>Cohen, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+signaling+regulates+smooth+muscle+precursor+development+in+the+mouse+lung+via+a+tenascin+C/PDGFR+pathway.">Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.</a> J Clin Invest. 119, 2538-2549 (2009).</li><li>Boucherat, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+functional+redundancy+between+Hoxa5+and+Hoxb5+paralog+genes+during+lung+morphogenesis.">Partial functional redundancy between Hoxa5 and Hoxb5 paralog genes during lung morphogenesis.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 304, L817-L830 (2013).</li></ol>

気道の形態形成の基礎となるイベントは、完全に、誘導気道のパターニングのために必要な、特にプロセスを理解されていません。以前の研究では、現像外植片が気液相間での培養またはマトリゲル21,22内に埋め込まれている、請求エキソビボ技術を利用しています。これらの研究は、成長因子は現像気管のパターニングおよび気管軟骨の形成にどのように影響するかを示して...

気道の開発は腹側内胚葉の前腸1,2におけるNkx2.1陽性細胞の出現と日胚9（E9）により開始されます。管は別個のエンティティとして区別することができるときに食道・気管チューブ分離は、E11.5によって間葉組織3で囲まれたを解決します。 Wntシグナル伝達は、肺の発育不全4,5になります内胚葉気道上皮からの内臓間葉とβカテニンの欠失によって表現さWNT2とWnt2bの削除など気道の仕様に重要な役割を果たしています。我々の以前の研究では、肺の発育不全における内胚葉気道結果から、肺血管の開発および気管間葉6,7の誤パターニングの欠陥をWLSの削除、すべてのWntリガンドの分泌を媒介する貨物の受容体を決定しました。これらのデータは、上皮間葉CROの重要性をサポートそれはまた、他の研究8,9に示されているように、SSは、細胞分化および仕様で話します。 肺の開発の初期段階の研究では、私たちはより良い呼吸アイデンティティ10-16を駆動する機構を理解することができましたvitroおよびex vivoの技術では、遺伝的に依存しています。空気液体間期における全肺外植片培養物を広く形態形成10,17,18に分岐肺の初期段階での成長因子の効果を研究するために利用されています。この方法は、形態素など分枝形態形成などの変更、および遺伝子発現調節の読み出しとして使用されているが、それは文化そのものが血管系17の開発をサポートしていないとして、発達過程の初期段階の研究に限定されています。気管軟骨の発達は、この培養技術と互換性がないとすることができる、より長いインキュベーション時間を必要とします。 アナライザーへ電子気道形成中のWntシグナル伝達の役割は、私たちは、胚の研究のニーズを満たすために、標準的な技術を適応しています。我々は、気管・肺組織の清算のためのパラフィン包埋し、タイミングのためにボリューム、染色倍、処理サイクルを変更しました。本研究に記載された技術の最適化の主な目的は、E14.5までE11から行わマウスにおける気管開発の初期段階を分析することでした。レポーターマウスラインAxin2LacZ開発気管間充織におけるWnt /βカテニン活性を、我々正確に決定部位を使用して。また、全体のマウント気管組織のためのレクチン染色法を適応しています。したがって、我々は、間葉系縮合を視覚化し、軟骨形成が行われる部位を予測することができました。高度な顕微鏡技術と相まって、全体のマウントとWlsShhCreのマウスから得られた胚組織の切片の染色は、私たちはTRAによって生成されたWntリガンドの役割を明らかにするために許可されました気管パターニングでCHEAL上皮。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5535</td>
			<td>1:400 , rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-20095</td>
			<td>1:50, rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Smooth Muscle Actin ab.</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5228</td>
			<td>1:2k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:100, guinea pig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:400, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB1893</td>
			<td>1:200, sheep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-32323</td>
			<td>1:4k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNA Lectin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L 7381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Alexa fluor Molecular probes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K3Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K4Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaDOC</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>89905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP4O</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-3157</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisher brand super-frost plus</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA (16%)</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>11K413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Component of TSA kit #2&#160;&#160;&#160; ( T20932)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrDu</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5002-5g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permount</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>SP15-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-loc cassettes Histoscreen</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C-0250-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Premiere</td>
			<td>BC0109</td>
			<td>Available in different colors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear fast red&#160; Kernechtrot 0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N3020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1909-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S4641-1Kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizma hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T5941-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>399000000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro knives</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10318-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 ceramic coated</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11252-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5CO</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11295-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont # 5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91150-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo/Shandon Excelsior ES</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon i90</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wide field microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NikonA1Rsi</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Confocal microscopy. Settings:NikonA1 plus camera, scanner: Galvano, detector:DU4. Optics Plan Apo lambda 10x. Modality: Widefield fluorescence laser confocal.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica MS 16 FA</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fluorescence Dissecting microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Automated fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Application suite</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Leica imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Nikon imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMARIS</td>
			<td>Bitplane</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Imaging processing software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis controlled by Wnt signaling is required to understand how tissues are patterned during normal development. This knowledge is also critical to determine the etiology of birth defects such as lung hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. Analysis of earliest stages of development of respiratory tract imposes challenges, as the limited amount of tissue prevents the performance of standard protocols better suited for postnatal studies. In this paper, we discuss methodologies to study cell differentiation and proliferation in the respiratory tract. We describe techniques such as whole mount staining, processing of the tissue for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence in paraffin sections applied to developing tracheal lung. We also discuss methodologies for the study of tracheal mesenchyme differentiation, in particular cartilage formation. Approaches and techniques discussed in the current paper circumvent the limitation of material while working with embryonic tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the patterning process of developing conducting airways.

Wnt /βカテニン活動ホールマウントラック-Z染色は記者Axin2 ラック -Zマウス 11から分離された胚の気管・肺組織で検出されました。染色のサイトは、Wnt /βカテニンの活性を示しています。全マウント染色のセクションの分析は、Wnt /βカテニン活性は気管の間充織における途上の肺の周辺領域...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

全体のマウントと切片染色に連結されたレポーターマウスの使用、顕微鏡およびin vivoアッセイは、気道の正常なパターニングのメカニズムの解析を容易にします。ここでは、これらの技術は気管開発中のWntシグナル伝達の解析にどのように貢献したかを説明します。

誘導気道のパターニング時にWntシグナル伝達を学びます

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

静的器官培養を使用して口蓋の融合を研究の方法

Cleft lip and palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The secondary palate forms from mesenchymal shelves covered with epithelium that ...

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

の共焦点分析を用いました<em&gt;アフリカツメガエル</em&gt; WntおよびShhのモルフォゲン勾配の調節を調査するために、

This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the ...

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

シンプルの力：ウニ胚として<em&gt; in vivoで</em&gt;複雑な細胞間シグナル伝達ネットワークの相互作用を研究するための発達モデル

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

マウスの破骨細胞前駆体におけるNotchシグナル伝達の刺激

Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

体外受精卵の Live 細胞イメージング偏光とシロイヌナズナの胚パターン形成の胚珠培養

In most flowering plants, the zygote and embryo are hidden deep in the mother tissue, and thus it has long been a mystery of how they develop dynamically; ...

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

細胞分裂時の染色体分配の生きているセルイメージ投射

Chromosomes must be reliably and uniformly segregated into daughter cells during mitotic cell division. Fidelity of chromosomal segregation is controlled ...

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

優れた眼溝の動脈分布胚発生中に可視化

Congenital ocular coloboma is a genetic disorder that is typically observed as a cleft in the inferior aspect of the eye resulting from incomplete choroid ...

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development

初期開発におけるアネモネのジェノタイピング

Described here is a PCR-based protocol to genotype the gastrula stage embryo of the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis without sacrificing the ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

ゼブラフィッシュ胚全体の延長タイムラプス共焦点顕微鏡法の層状取り付け法

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

マウス神経新生時のノッチシグナル伝達ダイナミクスのリアルタイム生物発光イメージング

Notch signaling regulates the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cells by cell-cell interactions. The components of Notch signaling exhibit dynamic ...