Name: studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways
Uploaded: 2016-10-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

우리는 조직 학적 절차에 마이크 Muntifering 및 공 초점 이미지와 매트 코프 론 (Kofron)와 게일 Macke의 도움을 인정합니다. 이 작품은 부분적으로 건강 NHLBI의 국립 연구소 (DS에 K01HL115447)에 의해 지원되었다.

동물은 무균 상태에서 보관 하였다. 마우스는 CCHMC 기관 동물 관리 및 사용위원회 (신시내티, OH USA)에 의해 승인 된 프로토콜에 따라 처리 하였다. 이러한 연구를 통해 이용 마우스가 혼합 된 배경에서 유지 하였다. 1. 전체 마운트 X - 갈 락토시다 제 염색 <ol><li> CO 2 흡입에 의해, E14.5에 E11.5에서 임신 여성을 안락사. , CO 2 챔버에서 동물을 배치 CO 2 챔?...

<ol>
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H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchyme+specifies+epithelial+differentiation+in+reciprocal+recombinants+of+embryonic+lung+and+trachea.">Mesenchyme specifies epithelial differentiation in reciprocal recombinants of embryonic lung and trachea.</a> Dev Dyn. 212, 482-494 (1998).</li><li>Li, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt5a+regulates+Shh+and+Fgf10+signaling+during+lung+development.">Wnt5a regulates Shh and Fgf10 signaling during lung development.</a> Dev Biol. 287, 86-97 (2005).</li><li>Loscertales, M., Mikels, A. J., Hu, J. K., Donahoe, P. K., Roberts, D. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chick+pulmonary+Wnt5a+directs+airway+and+vascular+tubulogenesis.">Chick pulmonary Wnt5a directs airway and vascular tubulogenesis.</a> Development. 135, 1365-1376 (2008).</li><li>Yin, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+FGF-WNT+gene+regulatory+network+controls+lung+mesenchyme+development.">An FGF-WNT gene regulatory network controls lung mesenchyme development.</a> Dev Biol. 319, 426-436 (2008).</li><li>Shu, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt/beta-catenin+signaling+acts+upstream+of+N-myc,+BMP4,+and+FGF+signaling+to+regulate+proximal-distal+patterning+in+the+lung.">Wnt/beta-catenin signaling acts upstream of N-myc, BMP4, and FGF signaling to regulate proximal-distal patterning in the lung.</a> Dev Biol. 283, 226-239 (2005).</li><li>Bretholz, A., Morrisey, R., Hoffman, R. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+OpdA+in+rat+models+of+organic+phosphorus+(OP)+poisoning.">The use of OpdA in rat models of organic phosphorus (OP) poisoning.</a> Toxicology. 257, (2009).</li><li>Goss, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt2+signaling+is+necessary+and+sufficient+to+activate+the+airway+smooth+muscle+program+in+the+lung+by+regulating+myocardin/Mrtf-B+and+Fgf10+expression.">Wnt2 signaling is necessary and sufficient to activate the airway smooth muscle program in the lung by regulating myocardin/Mrtf-B and Fgf10 expression.</a> Dev Biol. 356, 541-552 (2011).</li><li>Mucenski, M. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Catenin+is+required+for+specification+of+proximal/distal+cell+fate+during+lung+morphogenesis.">beta-Catenin is required for specification of proximal/distal cell fate during lung morphogenesis.</a> J Biol Chem. 278, 40231-40238 (2003).</li><li>Hyatt, B. A., Shangguan, X., Shannon, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=FGF-10+induces+SP-C+and+Bmp4+and+regulates+proximal-distal+patterning+in+embryonic+tracheal+epithelium.">FGF-10 induces SP-C and Bmp4 and regulates proximal-distal patterning in embryonic tracheal epithelium.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 287, L1116-L1126 (2004).</li><li>Del Moral, P. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=VEGF-A+signaling+through+Flk-1+is+a+critical+facilitator+of+early+embryonic+lung+epithelial+to+endothelial+crosstalk+and+branching+morphogenesis.">VEGF-A signaling through Flk-1 is a critical facilitator of early embryonic lung epithelial to endothelial crosstalk and branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Biol. 290, 177-188 (2006).</li><li>Ott, S. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Confocal+microscopy+in+large+insect+brains:+zinc-formaldehyde+fixation+improves+synapsin+immunostaining+and+preservation+of+morphology+in+whole-mounts.">Confocal microscopy in large insect brains: zinc-formaldehyde fixation improves synapsin immunostaining and preservation of morphology in whole-mounts.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 172, 220-230 (2008).</li><li>Jahrling, N., Becker, K., Dodt, H. U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3D-reconstruction+of+blood+vessels+by+ultramicroscopy.">3D-reconstruction of blood vessels by ultramicroscopy.</a> Organogenesis. 5, 145-148 (2009).</li><li>Park, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+Sox9+by+Sonic+Hedgehog+(Shh)+is+essential+for+patterning+and+formation+of+tracheal+cartilage.">Regulation of Sox9 by Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) is essential for patterning and formation of tracheal cartilage.</a> Dev Dyn. 239, 514-526 (2010).</li><li>Elluru, R. G., Thompson, F., Reece, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fibroblast+growth+factor+18+gives+growth+and+directional+cues+to+airway+cartilage.">Fibroblast growth factor 18 gives growth and directional cues to airway cartilage.</a> Laryngoscope. 119, 1153-1165 (2009).</li><li>Ahnfelt-Ronne, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+improved+method+for+three-dimensional+reconstruction+of+protein+expression+patterns+in+intact+mouse+and+chicken+embryos+and+organs.">An improved method for three-dimensional reconstruction of protein expression patterns in intact mouse and chicken embryos and organs.</a> J Histochem Cytochem. 55, 925-930 (2007).</li><li>Yang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single-cell+phenotyping+within+transparent+intact+tissue+through+whole-body+clearing.">Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing.</a> Cell. 158, 945-958 (2014).</li><li>Gillotte, D. M., Fox, P. L., Mjaatvedt, C. H., Hoffman, S., Capehart, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+method+for+analysis+of+chondrogenesis+in+limb+mesenchyme+from+individual+transgenic+(hdf)+embryos.">An in vitro method for analysis of chondrogenesis in limb mesenchyme from individual transgenic (hdf) embryos.</a> Methods Cell Sci. 25, 97-104 (2003).</li><li>Cohen, E. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Wnt+signaling+regulates+smooth+muscle+precursor+development+in+the+mouse+lung+via+a+tenascin+C/PDGFR+pathway.">Wnt signaling regulates smooth muscle precursor development in the mouse lung via a tenascin C/PDGFR pathway.</a> J Clin Invest. 119, 2538-2549 (2009).</li><li>Boucherat, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partial+functional+redundancy+between+Hoxa5+and+Hoxb5+paralog+genes+during+lung+morphogenesis.">Partial functional redundancy between Hoxa5 and Hoxb5 paralog genes during lung morphogenesis.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 304, L817-L830 (2013).</li></ol>

호흡 기관의 형태 형성의 기초 이벤트 완전히 도통기도의 패터닝에 필요한 공정, 특히 이해되지 않는다. 이전의 연구 개발 이식편 공기 - 액체 계면에서의 배양이나 마트 리겔 (21, 22)에 포함 된 상기 생체 외 기법을 이용 하였다. 성장 인자가 개발 기관의 패터닝 및 기관 연골의 형성에 미치는 영향이 연구에서 나타났다. 이러한 연구에 대한 제한은 상기 조직의 구조가 적절하게 유?...

호흡 기계의 개발은 복부 내배엽 foregut 1, 2에서 Nkx2.1 양성 세포의 모양과 배아 일 9 (E9)에 의해 시작된다. 튜브가 별개의 실체로 구별 할 수있는 경우 식도 - 기관 튜브 분리, E11.5에 의해 중간 엽 조직 (3)에 의해 둘러싸인 해결됩니다. Wnt 신호는 폐 무 발생 4,5가 발생합니다 내배엽 호흡기 상피 세포에서 내장의 중간 엽과 β-catenin의 삭제로 표현 subtype 중 Wnt2 및 Wnt2b의 삭제와 호흡기의 사양에 중요한 역할을한다. 우리의 이전 연구는 폐 형성 부전에서 내배엽 호흡기 결과에서, WLS, 모두의 Wnt 리간드의화물 수용체 매개 분비의 삭제를 결정, 폐 혈관 개발 및 기관 간엽 6,7의 잘못된 패턴의 결함. 이러한 데이터는 상피 간엽 CRO의 중요성을 지원그것은 또한 다른 연구 8,9에 도시 된 바와 같이, SS는, 세포 분화 및 명세서에 말한다. 폐 개발의 초기 단계의 연구는 우리가 더 나은 호흡 정체성 10-16 구동 메커니즘을 이해 할 수있는 생체 외 및 생체 기법, 유전자에 의존한다. 공기 액체 계면에서 전체 폐 이식편 배양 널리 형태 형성 10,17,18 분기 폐의 초기 단계에서 성장 인자의 효과를 연구하는데 이용되고있다. 이 방법 형태와 같은 분지 형태 형성과 같은 변경 및 유전자 발현 조절의 리드로서 사용되는 반면, 배양 자체가 혈관 (17)의 개발을 지원하지 않으므로, 발달 과정의 초기 연구에 제한되어있다. 기관 연골의 개발이 문화 기술과 호환되지 수 있습니다 이상 배양 시간이 필요합니다. analyz하려면호흡기 형성시 Wnt 신호의 역할 즉, 우리는 배아 연구의 요구를 충족하기 위해 표준 기술을 채택했다. 우리는 볼륨, 염색 시간, 기관 - 폐 조직의 청산을위한 파라핀 삽입 및 타이밍에 대한 처리 사이클을 수정했습니다. 본 연구에 기재된 기술을 최적화의 주요 목표는 E14.5로 E11에서 일어나는 생쥐 기관 발달의 초기 단계를 분석 하였다. 기자 마우스 라인 Axin2LacZ 개발 기관의 중간 엽에서의 Wnt / β-catenin이 활동의 우리 정확하게 결정된 사이트를 사용. 우리는 또한 전체 마운트 기관 조직에 대한 렉틴 염색 절차를 적용했다. 따라서, 우리는 중간 엽 응축을 시각화하고 연골이 일어날 사이트를 예측할 수 있었다. 전체 마운트 및 고급 현미경 기술과 결합 WlsShhCre 마우스에서 얻은 배아 조직의 섹션의 염색은 TRA에 의해 생산의 Wnt 리간드의 역할을 공개 할 우리에게 허용기관 패터닝에 cheal 상피.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>AB5535</td>
			<td>1:400 , rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Sox9 ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-20095</td>
			<td>1:50, rabbit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Smooth Muscle Actin ab.</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A5228</td>
			<td>1:2k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:100, guinea pig</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti NKX2.1 ab.</td>
			<td>Seven Hills</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>1:400, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB1893</td>
			<td>1:200, sheep</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti Brdu ab.</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>Sc-32323</td>
			<td>1:4k, mouse</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PNA Lectin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L 7381</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Secondary antibodies</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Alexa fluor Molecular probes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K3Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P8131</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>K4Fe(CN)6</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3289</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaDOC</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>89905</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NP4O</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>85124</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alcian Blue 8GX</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A-3157</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisher brand super-frost plus</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFA (16%)</td>
			<td>EMS</td>
			<td>15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Calf Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>11K413</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking reagent</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Component of TSA kit #2&#160;&#160;&#160; ( T20932)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrDu</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>B5002-5g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vectashield mounting medium</td>
			<td>Vector labs</td>
			<td>H-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permount</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>SP15-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-loc cassettes Histoscreen</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>C-0250-GR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biopsy cassettes</td>
			<td>Premiere</td>
			<td>BC0109</td>
			<td>Available in different colors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nuclear fast red&#160; Kernechtrot 0.1%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N3020</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Citric acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C1909-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium citrate tribasic dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S4641-1Kg</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trizma hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T5941-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xylene</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>399000000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Pharmco-AAPER</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro knives</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>10318-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5 ceramic coated</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11252-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont #5CO</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>11295-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dumont # 5</td>
			<td>FST</td>
			<td>91150-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thermo/Shandon Excelsior ES</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>RM2135</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon i90</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Wide field microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NikonA1Rsi</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Confocal microscopy. Settings:NikonA1 plus camera, scanner: Galvano, detector:DU4. Optics Plan Apo lambda 10x. Modality: Widefield fluorescence laser confocal.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica MS 16 FA</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Fluorescence Dissecting microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Automated fluorescence microscope</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leica Application suite</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Leica imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NIS</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Nikon imaging software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>IMARIS</td>
			<td>Bitplane</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Imaging processing software</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

studying wnt signaling during patterning of conducting airways

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis controlled by Wnt signaling is required to understand how tissues are patterned during normal development. This knowledge is also critical to determine the etiology of birth defects such as lung hypoplasia and tracheobronchomalacia. Analysis of earliest stages of development of respiratory tract imposes challenges, as the limited amount of tissue prevents the performance of standard protocols better suited for postnatal studies. In this paper, we discuss methodologies to study cell differentiation and proliferation in the respiratory tract. We describe techniques such as whole mount staining, processing of the tissue for confocal microscopy and immunofluorescence in paraffin sections applied to developing tracheal lung. We also discuss methodologies for the study of tracheal mesenchyme differentiation, in particular cartilage formation. Approaches and techniques discussed in the current paper circumvent the limitation of material while working with embryonic tissue, allowing for a better understanding of the patterning process of developing conducting airways.

이 Wnt / β-catenin의 활동 전체 마운트 락-Z 염색은 기자 Axin2 락 -Z 마우스 (11)에서 분리 된 배아의 기관 - 폐 조직에서 검출되었다. 염색 사이트의 Wnt / β-catenin의 활성을 나타냅니다. 전체 마운트 염색 부분의 분석의 Wnt / β-catenin의 활동이 기관의 중간 엽에서 개발 폐의 주변 영역의 중간 엽에 존재...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways at JoVE.com

Studying Wnt Signaling During Patterning of Conducting Airways

전체 마운트에 연결된 리포터 생쥐 부 염색 현미경 및 생체 내 분석에 사용은 호흡기 정상 패터닝 기전의 분석을 용이하게한다. 여기에서 우리는 이러한 기술이 기관 개발하는 동안 Wnt 신호의 분석에 기여하는 방법에 대해 설명합니다.

실시 항공의 패터닝 동안 Wnt 신호를 공부

Wnt signaling pathways play critical roles during development of the respiratory tract. Defining precise mechanisms of differentiation and morphogenesis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Method of Studying Palatal Fusion using Static Organ Culture

정적 장기 문화를 사용하여 구개 퓨전 공부의 방법

Cleft lip and palate are among the most common of all birth defects. The secondary palate forms from mesenchymal shelves covered with epithelium that ...

연구

발생학

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

Using Confocal Analysis of Xenopus laevis to Investigate Modulators of Wnt and Shh Morphogen Gradients

공 촛점 분석을 사용하여<em&gt; 아프리카 발톱 개구리 laevis의</em&gt;의 Wnt 및 쉬 Morphogen 그라디언트의 변조기를 조사하기 위해

This protocol describes a method to visualise ligands distributed across a field of cells. The ease of expressing exogenous proteins, together with the ...

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

The Power of Simplicity: Sea Urchin Embryos as in Vivo Developmental Models for Studying Complex Cell-to-cell Signaling Network Interactions

단순함의 힘 : 같은 성게 배아<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 복잡한 세포 간 신호 전달 네트워크의 상호 작용 유학을위한 발달 모델

Remarkably few cell-to-cell signal transduction pathways are necessary during embryonic development to generate the large variety of cell types and ...

Stimulation of Notch Signaling in Mouse Osteoclast Precursors

마우스 파골 세포 전구체의 노치 신호 전달의 자극

Notch signaling is a key component of multiple physiological and pathological processes. The nature of Notch signaling, however, makes in vitro ...

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

In Vitro Ovule Cultivation for Live-cell Imaging of Zygote Polarization and Embryo Patterning in Arabidopsis thaliana

생체 외에서 라이브 셀 이미징의 접합 자 양극 화와 애기 thaliana 패터 닝 태아 난 재배

In most flowering plants, the zygote and embryo are hidden deep in the mother tissue, and thus it has long been a mystery of how they develop dynamically; ...

Live Cell Imaging of Chromosome Segregation During Mitosis

유사 분열 동안 염색체 분리의 라이브 셀 이미징

Chromosomes must be reliably and uniformly segregated into daughter cells during mitotic cell division. Fidelity of chromosomal segregation is controlled ...

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

Visualization of the Superior Ocular Sulcus during Danio rerio Embryogenesis

Danio rerio Embryogenesis 동안 우수한 눈 고 랑의 시각화

Congenital ocular coloboma is a genetic disorder that is typically observed as a cleft in the inferior aspect of the eye resulting from incomplete choroid ...

Genotyping of Sea Anemone during Early Development

초기 개발 중 바다 말미잘의 지질 형질이

Described here is a PCR-based protocol to genotype the gastrula stage embryo of the anthozoan cnidarian Nematostella vectensis without sacrificing the ...

A Layered Mounting Method for Extended Time-Lapse Confocal Microscopy of Whole Zebrafish Embryos

전체 얼룩말 배아의 연장된 시간 경과 공초점 현미경 검사법을 위한 레이어형 장착 방법

Dynamics of development can be followed by confocal time-lapse microscopy of live transgenic zebrafish embryos expressing fluorescence in specific tissues ...

Real-time Bioluminescence Imaging of Notch Signaling Dynamics during Murine Neurogenesis

뮤린 신경 발생 시 노치 신호 역학의 실시간 생물 발광 이미징

Notch signaling regulates the maintenance of neural stem/progenitor cells by cell-cell interactions. The components of Notch signaling exhibit dynamic ...