Name: stimulated stokes and antistokes raman scattering in microspherical whispering gallery mode resonators
Uploaded: 2016-04-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators at JoVE.com

Museo Storico della Fisica e Centro Studi e Ricerche Enrico Fermi
Ente Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (No. 2014.0770A2202.8861)

1. Fremstilling af Ultra Factor of Quality mikrosfærer <ol><li> Strip omkring 1-2 cm af en standard single-mode (SMF) silica fiber fra sin akrylbelægning ved hjælp af et optisk stripper. </li><li> Rengør afisolerede del med acetone og kløve det. </li><li> Indføre den spaltede spids i den ene arm af en fusion splicer og producere en serie af elektriske bue udladninger ved hjælp af splicer controller. Vælg &quot;manuel drift&quot; fra splicer controller menuen, indstilles værdierne for bue effekt og arc varighe...

<ol>
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Mikrosfærer er kompakte og effektive ikke-lineære oscillatorer og de er meget lette at fremstille og håndtere. Koniske fibre kan anvendes til kobling og ekstraktion af lys i / fra resonatoren. Kan opnås resonans kontrast op til 95% og Q faktorer på omkring 3 x 10 8. Den væsentligste begrænsning af disse fremstillingsteknik er masseproduktion og integration. Renlighed af fibrene er kritisk for både mikrosfærer og tilspidses, og så er fugtighed. Begge enheder skal opbevare...

Hviskegallerimodus resonatorer (WGMR) viser to unikke egenskaber, en lang foton levetid og lille tilstand volumen, der tillader en reduktion af tærsklen for ikke-lineær fænomener 1-3. Whispering galleri tilstande er optiske tilstande, der er begrænset på det dielektriske luft-grænsefladen ved total intern refleksion. Den lille tilstand volumen skyldes den høje rumlige indeslutning henviser den tidsmæssige indespærring er relateret til kvalitetsfaktor Q af hulrummet. WGMR kan have forskellige geometrier og der er forskellige fremstillingsteknik er egnede til at opnå høje Q resonatorer 4-6 Overfladespænding hulrum såsom silica mikrosfærer udviser nær skala ruhed atomare, som oversætter i høj kvalitet faktorer. Begge typer af indespærring reducere tærsklen for ikke-lineære effekter som følge af den stærke energi buildup inde i WGMR. Det giver også kontinuerlig bølge (CW) ulineær optik. WGMR kan beskrives ved hjælp af the kvantetal n, l, m og deres polarisationstilstand, med et stærkt analogi med hydrogenatomet 7. Den sfæriske symmetri tillader adskillelsen i radial og kantede afhængigheder. Den radiale løsning er givet ved Bessel funktioner, de kantede dem ved de sfæriske harmoniske 8. Silica glas er centrosymmetrisk, og derfor anden ordens fænomener i relation til Χ (2) interaktioner er forbudt. Ved overfladen af mikrosfæren, er inverteringen af symmetrien brudt og Χ (2) kan observeres fænomener 1. Men fase matchende betingelser for anden ordens frekvens generation er mere problematisk end den tilsvarende i tredje orden frekvens generation, især fordi de involverede bølgelængder er helt anderledes, og den rolle for spredning kan være ganske vigtigt. Den anden ordens interaktioner er yderst svage. De genererede effekt skalaer med Q 3 hvorimod for en third ordre interaktion de genererede magt skalaer med Q 4. 9 Derfor er fokus i dette arbejde tredje ordre optisk ikke-lineær modtagelighed Χ (3) interaktioner såsom stimuleret Raman Scattering (SRS) og stimuleret Antistokes Raman Scattering (SARS) , bliver SARS de mindre udforskede interaktion 10,11. Chang 12 og Campillo 13 banebrydende studier af ikke-lineære fænomener ved hjælp af dråber af stærkt ikke-lineære materialer som WGMR men pumpen laser blev pulseret i stedet for CW. Silica mikrosfærer 14,10 og microtoroids 15 forudsat mere stabile og robuste platforme i forhold til mikro-dråber, få meget af opmærksomhed i de seneste årtier. Især silicamikrosfærer er meget nemme at fremstille og håndtere. SRS er en ren gain process, der let kan opnås i silica WGMR 14,15, eftersom nå en tærskel er nok. I dette tilfælde, den høje circulating intensitet inde i WGMR garanterer Raman udsende laserstråler, men for parametriske svingninger er ikke tilstrækkeligt. I disse tilfælde, effektive svingninger kræver fase og tilstand matching, energi og bevarelse momentum lov og en god rumlig overlap af alle resonanssvingningstyper skal opfyldes 16-18. Dette er tilfældet for SARS og FWM generelt.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="668">
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Optical Fiber</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">SMF28</td>
			<td style="width:240px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fiber coating stripper</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Thorlabs</td>
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			<td>Available from other vendors as well</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fiber cleaver</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Fitel</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S325A</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors as well</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Fusion splicer</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Furakawa</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S177A-1R</td>
			<td>Available from other vendors as well</td>
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			<td style="width:93px;">n/a</td>
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			<td>any vendor</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Microscope tube</td>
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			<td style="width:93px;">n/a</td>
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			<td>any will fit</td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Monitor</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>any monitor is valid</td>
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			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:216px;">3-Axis Stage</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">PI Instruments, Thorlabs, Melles</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Assorted posts and mounts</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Available from other vendors as well</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Polarization control</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Thorlabs</td>
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			<td>Available from other vendors as well</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Attenuator</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Photodiode</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PDA400</td>
			<td>discontinued, replaced by PDA10CS-EC</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Oscilloscope</td>
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			<td style="width:119px;">DPO7104</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Optical spectrum analyzer</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Ando</td>
			<td>AQ6317B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">IPG Photonics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EAD-2K-C</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Tunable Laser</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Yenista</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TUNICS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

stimulated stokes and antistokes raman scattering in microspherical whispering gallery mode resonators

Dielektriske mikrosfærer kan begrænse lys og lyd for et tidsrum gennem høj kvalitet faktor hviskende galleri tilstande (WGM). Glas mikrosfærer kan opfattes som et lager af energi med et stort udvalg af applikationer: kompakt laser kilder, meget følsomme biokemiske sensorer og ikke-lineære fænomener. En protokol til fremstilling af både de mikrosfærer og koblingssystemet er givet. De her beskrevne koblinger er tilspidsede fibre. Effektiv generation af ikke-lineære fænomener i relation til tredje ordre optisk ikke-lineær modtagelighed Χ (3) interaktioner i tredobbelt resonante silica mikrosfærer er præsenteret i dette papir. Samspillet her indberettede: stimuleret Raman Scattering (SRS), og fire bølge blanding processer omfatter Stimuleret Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (SARS). En kvittering for hulrummet med forbedret fænomen er givet ved den manglende korrelation mellem pumpen, signal og medløbende: en resonant tilstand har til at eksistere for at opnå parretaf signalet og medløbende. I tilfælde af hyperparametric svingninger (fire bølge blanding og stimuleret anti-Stokes Raman-spredning), skal tilstandene opfylde den energi og impuls bevarelse og sidst, men ikke mindst, har en god rumlig overlap.

Q faktorer af mikrosfærerne fremstillet ifølge protokollen beskrevet ovenfor, er på over 10 8 (figur 5) for store diametre (&gt; 200 um) og over 10 6 til små diametre (&lt;50 um). Resonans kontrast over 95% (tæt på kritisk kobling) kan let observeres. Ved høje cirkulerende intensiteter, kan følgende ikke-lineære effekter i det infrarøde område overholdes: stimuleret Raman-spredning (SRS), cascaded SRS 21, stimulerede anti-Stoke...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators at JoVE.com

Stimulated Stokes and Antistokes Raman Scattering in Microspherical Whispering Gallery Mode Resonators

Stimuleret Stokes og Antistokes Raman Scattering i mikrosfæriske hviskegallerimodus Resonatorer

Effektiv generation af ikke-lineære fænomener i relation til tredje ordre optisk ikke-lineær modtagelighed Χ (3) interaktioner i tredobbelt resonante silica mikrosfærer er præsenteret i dette papir. Samspillet her indberettede: stimuleret Raman Scattering (SRS), og fire bølge blanding processer omfatter Stimuleret Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (SARS).

Dielectric microspheres can confine light and sound for a length of time through high quality factor whispering gallery modes (WGM). Glass microspheres ...

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Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) -baseret metode til kvantitativ evaluering af fremadrettet og bagudlysudspredning fra intraokulære linser

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light ...

High-speed Continuous-wave Stimulated Brillouin Scattering Spectrometer for Material Analysis

High-Speed kontinuerte stimuleret Brillouin spredning spektrometer for materielle analyse

Recent years have witnessed a significant increase in the use of spontaneous Brillouin spectrometers for non-contact analysis of soft matter, such as ...

Ultrasonic Fatigue Testing in the Tension-Compression Mode

Ultralyd træthed test i tilstanden spændinger-komprimering

Ultrasonic fatigue testing is one of a few methods which allow investigating fatigue properties in the ultra-high cycle region. The method is based on ...

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

Spredning og absorption af lys i planetariske Regoliths

Theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods are presented for multiple scattering of light in macroscopic discrete random media of densely-packed ...

Implementation of a Nonlinear Microscope Based on Stimulated Raman Scattering

Gennemførelse af et ikke-lineært mikroskop baseret på stimuleret Raman spredning

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy uses near-infrared excitation light; therefore, it shares many multi-photon microscopic imaging properties. ...