Name: lc-ms analysis of human platelets as a platform for studying mitochondrial metabolism
Uploaded: 2016-04-04T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism at JoVE.com

Мы признаем поддержку NIH грантов P30ES013508 и T32ES019851.

Этика Заявление: Все протоколы, касающиеся обращения образцов человека следовать рекомендациям Университета Пенсильвании комитета по этике человека. 1. Подготовка буферами и 100x маточные растворы <ol><li> Готовят 1 л буфера базового Тирода. Комбинат 8,123 г NaCl, 1,428 г NaHCO 3,</sub...

<ol>
	<li>Ault, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+clinical+utility+of+flow+cytometry+in+the+study+of+platelets.">The clinical utility of flow cytometry in the study of platelets.</a> Semin. Hematol. 38 (2), 160-168 (2001).</li><li>Avila, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelet+mitochondrial+dysfunction+is+evident+in+type+2+diabetes+in+association+with+modifications+of+mitochondrial+anti-oxidant+stress+proteins.">Platelet mitochondrial dysfunction is evident in type 2 diabetes in association with modifications of mitochondrial anti-oxidant stress proteins.</a> Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes. 120 (4), 248-251 (2012).</li><li>Basu, S. S., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rotenone-mediated+changes+in+intracellular+coenzyme+A+thioester+levels:+implications+for+mitochondrial+dysfunction.">Rotenone-mediated changes in intracellular coenzyme A thioester levels: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction.</a> Chem. Res. Toxicol. 24 (10), 1630-1632 (2011).</li><li>Basu, S. S., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=SILEC:+a+protocol+for+generating+and+using+isotopically+labeled+coenzyme+A+mass+spectrometry+standards.">SILEC: a protocol for generating and using isotopically labeled coenzyme A mass spectrometry standards.</a> Nat. Protoc. 7 (1), 1-12 (2012).</li><li>Basu, S. S., Deutsch, E. C., Schmaier, A. A., Lynch, D. R., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+platelets+as+a+platform+to+monitor+metabolic+biomarkers+using+stable+isotopes+and+LC-MS.">Human platelets as a platform to monitor metabolic biomarkers using stable isotopes and LC-MS.</a> Bioanalysis. 5 (24), 3009-3021 (2013).</li><li>Berson, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+for+experimental+buprenorphine+hepatotoxicity:+major+role+of+mitochondrial+dysfunction+versus+metabolic+activation.">Mechanisms for experimental buprenorphine hepatotoxicity: major role of mitochondrial dysfunction versus metabolic activation.</a> J. Hepatol. 34 (2), 261-269 (2001).</li><li>Castell, J. V., Jover, R., Martinez-Jimenez, C. P., Gomez-Lechon, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatocyte+cell+lines:+their+use,+scope+and+limitations+in+drug+metabolism+studies.">Hepatocyte cell lines: their use, scope and limitations in drug metabolism studies.</a> Expert. Opin. Drug Metab Toxicol. 2 (2), 183-212 (2006).</li><li>Ciccimaro, E., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable-isotope+dilution+LC-MS+for+quantitative+biomarker+analysis.">Stable-isotope dilution LC-MS for quantitative biomarker analysis.</a> Bioanalysis. 2 (2), 311-341 (2010).</li><li>Dang, C. V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Links+between+metabolism+and+cancer.">Links between metabolism and cancer.</a> Genes Dev. 26 (9), 877-890 (2012).</li><li>Darnell, M., Weidolf, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolism+of+xenobiotic+carboxylic+acids:+focus+on+coenzyme+A+conjugation,+reactivity,+and+interference+with+lipid+metabolism.">Metabolism of xenobiotic carboxylic acids: focus on coenzyme A conjugation, reactivity, and interference with lipid metabolism.</a> Chem. Res. Toxicol. 26 (8), 1139-1155 (2013).</li><li>Des Rosiers, C., Fernandez, C. A., David, F., Brunengraber, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reversibility+of+the+mitochondrial+isocitrate+dehydrogenase+reaction+in+the+perfused+rat+liver.+Evidence+from+isotopomer+analysis+of+citric+acid+cycle+intermediates.">Reversibility of the mitochondrial isocitrate dehydrogenase reaction in the perfused rat liver. Evidence from isotopomer analysis of citric acid cycle intermediates.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 269 (44), 27179-27182 (1994).</li><li>Ellis, J. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+profiling+detects+early+effects+of+environmental+and+lifestyle+exposure+to+cadmium+in+a+human+population.">Metabolic profiling detects early effects of environmental and lifestyle exposure to cadmium in a human population.</a> BMC. Med. 10, 61 (2012).</li><li>Grevengoed, T. J., Klett, E. L., Coleman, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acyl-CoA+metabolism+and+partitioning.">Acyl-CoA metabolism and partitioning.</a> Annu. Rev. Nutr. 34, 1-30 (2014).</li><li>Haynes, C. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitation+of+fatty+acyl-coenzyme+As+in+mammalian+cells+by+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.">Quantitation of fatty acyl-coenzyme As in mammalian cells by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.</a> J. Lipid Res. 49 (5), 1113-1125 (2008).</li><li>Ikegawa, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+cholyl-adenylate+in+rat+liver+microsomes+by+liquid+chromatography/electrospray+ionization-mass+spectrometry.">Characterization of cholyl-adenylate in rat liver microsomes by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry.</a> Anal. Biochem. 266 (1), 125-132 (1999).</li><li>Kalghatgi, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bactericidal+antibiotics+induce+mitochondrial+dysfunction+and+oxidative+damage+in+Mammalian+cells.">Bactericidal antibiotics induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage in Mammalian cells.</a> Sci. Transl. Med. 5 (192), 192ra85 (2013).</li><li>Liu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-Resolution+Metabolomics+with+Acyl-CoA+Profiling+Reveals+Widespread+Remodeling+in+Response+to+Diet.">High-Resolution Metabolomics with Acyl-CoA Profiling Reveals Widespread Remodeling in Response to Diet.</a> Mol. Cell Proteomics. 14 (6), 1489-1500 (2015).</li><li>Lopez-Gallardo, E., Iceta, R., Iglesias, E., Montoya, J., Ruiz-Pesini, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=OXPHOS+toxicogenomics+and+Parkinson's+disease.">OXPHOS toxicogenomics and Parkinson's disease.</a> Mutat. Res. 728 (3), 98-106 (2011).</li><li>Magnes, C., Sinner, F. M., Regittnig, W., Pieber, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LC/MS/MS+method+for+quantitative+determination+of+long-chain+fatty+acyl-CoAs.">LC/MS/MS method for quantitative determination of long-chain fatty acyl-CoAs.</a> Anal. Chem. 77 (9), 2889-2894 (2005).</li><li>Mauriala, T., Herzig, K. H., Heinonen, M., Idziak, J., Auriola, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Determination+of+long-chain+fatty+acid+acyl-coenzyme+A+compounds+using+liquid+chromatography-electrospray+ionization+tandem+mass+spectrometry.">Determination of long-chain fatty acid acyl-coenzyme A compounds using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.</a> J. Chromatogr. B Analyt. Technol. Biomed. Life Sci. 808 (2), 263-268 (2004).</li><li>Murphy, T. A., Dang, C. V., Young, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isotopically+nonstationary+13C+flux+analysis+of+Myc-induced+metabolic+reprogramming+in+B-cells.">Isotopically nonstationary 13C flux analysis of Myc-induced metabolic reprogramming in B-cells.</a> Metab Eng. 15, 206-217 (2013).</li><li>Paglia, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolomic+analysis+of+platelets+during+storage:+a+comparison+between+apheresis-+and+buffy+coat-derived+platelet+concentrates.">Metabolomic analysis of platelets during storage: a comparison between apheresis- and buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates.</a> Transfusion. 55 (2), 301-313 (2015).</li><li>Patti, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Separation+strategies+for+untargeted+metabolomics.">Separation strategies for untargeted metabolomics.</a> J. Sep. Sci. 34 (24), 3460-3469 (2011).</li><li>Robishaw, J. D., Neely, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coenzyme+A+metabolism.">Coenzyme A metabolism.</a> Am. J. Physiol. 248 (1 Pt 1), E1-E9 (1985).</li><li>Rodgers, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overview+of+platelet+physiology+and+laboratory+evaluation+of+platelet+function.">Overview of platelet physiology and laboratory evaluation of platelet function.</a> Clin. Obstet. Gynecol. 42 (2), 349-359 (1999).</li><li>Salles, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+high-throughput+ELISA+assay+for+platelet+function+testing+using+platelet-rich+plasma+or+whole+blood.">Development of a high-throughput ELISA assay for platelet function testing using platelet-rich plasma or whole blood.</a> Thromb. Haemost. 104 (2), 392-401 (2010).</li><li>Snyder, N. W., Basu, S. S., Worth, A. J., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolism+of+propionic+acid+to+a+novel+acyl-coenzyme+A+thioester+by+mammalian+cell+lines+and+platelets.">Metabolism of propionic acid to a novel acyl-coenzyme A thioester by mammalian cell lines and platelets.</a> J. Lipid Res. 56 (1), 142-150 (2015).</li><li>Snyder, N. W., Basu, S. S., Zhou, Z., Worth, A. J., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+isotope+dilution+liquid+chromatography/mass+spectrometry+analysis+of+cellular+and+tissue+medium-+and+long-chain+acyl-coenzyme+A+thioesters.">Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of cellular and tissue medium- and long-chain acyl-coenzyme A thioesters.</a> Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 28 (16), 1840-1848 (2014).</li><li>Snyder, N. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+stable+isotope-labeled+acyl-coenzyme+A+thioesters+by+yeast+stable+isotope+labeling+by+essential+nutrients+in+cell+culture.">Production of stable isotope-labeled acyl-coenzyme A thioesters by yeast stable isotope labeling by essential nutrients in cell culture.</a> Anal. Biochem. 474, 59-65 (2015).</li><li>Wallace, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mitochondrial+diseases+in+man+and+mouse.">Mitochondrial diseases in man and mouse.</a> Science. 283 (5407), 1482-1488 (1999).</li><li>Wojtovich, A. P., Brookes, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+complex+II+inhibitor+atpenin+A5+protects+against+cardiac+ischemia-reperfusion+injury+via+activation+of+mitochondrial+KATP+channels.">The complex II inhibitor atpenin A5 protects against cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury via activation of mitochondrial KATP channels.</a> Basic Res. Cardiol. 104 (2), 121-129 (2009).</li><li>Worth, A. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stable+isotopes+and+LC-MS+for+monitoring+metabolic+disturbances+in+Friedreich's+ataxia+platelets.">Stable isotopes and LC-MS for monitoring metabolic disturbances in Friedreich's ataxia platelets.</a> Bioanalysis. 7 (15), 1843-1855 (2015).</li><li>Worth, A. J., Basu, S. S., Snyder, N. W., Mesaros, C., Blair, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+neuronal+cell+mitochondrial+complex+I+with+rotenone+increases+lipid+beta-oxidation,+supporting+acetyl-coenzyme+A+levels.">Inhibition of neuronal cell mitochondrial complex I with rotenone increases lipid beta-oxidation, supporting acetyl-coenzyme A levels.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 289 (39), 26895-26903 (2014).</li><li>Zhou, L., Schmaier, A. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Platelet+aggregation+testing+in+platelet-rich+plasma:+description+of+procedures+with+the+aim+to+develop+standards+in+the+field.">Platelet aggregation testing in platelet-rich plasma: description of procedures with the aim to develop standards in the field.</a> Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 123 (2), 172-183 (2005).</li></ol>

Здесь мы показали полезность изолированных тромбоцитов в качестве платформы для изучения возмущенную митохондриальный метаболизм. В частности, мы охарактеризовали метаболические адаптации в ответ на комплексном I ингибирования ротенону. Настоящее исследование прод?...

Дисфункциональное митохондриальный метаболизм участвует в широком диапазоне заболеваний , в том числе нейродегенерации, рак и сердечно - сосудистые заболевания 30. Таким образом, большое усилие было помещено на характеризующие метаболические дефекты, которые вносят вклад в патогенез заболевания. Жидкостной хроматографии-тандемной масс - спектрометрии (LC-MS / MS) считается золотым стандартом для количественного определения аналитов из сложных биологических матриц и часто используется для метаболических исследований 8. Однако, как это часто бывает с медико-биологических исследований, достижения доступной и четко определенной модели, имеющей отношение к болезни человека является непростой задачей. Во многих исследованиях на работу трансформировали клеточных моделей для исследования влияния ксенобиотиков или генетических аномалий на клеточный метаболизм 7,9. Метаболический перепрограммирование , что происходит в раковых клетках , можно ввести смешивающих факторов 21 и, следовательно , не идеальны. Эти вопросы могут быть circumvented с моделями первичных клеток, хотя получение достаточной биомассы для метаболических анализов может быть сложной задачей. Кроме того, воздействие высоких количеств антибиотиков , используемых в культуре был выделен как потенциально вмешивающихся митохондриальных исследований 16. Тромбоциты человека получают возможность использовать модель первичной ячейки с достаточным содержанием митохондриальной для исследования метаболических 5,22,27,32. Во-первых, тромбоциты могут быть легко усваиваются, через кровь рисует от индивидуальных доноров, или в больших объемах из банков крови, и, следовательно, обеспечить модель, в которой внешние факторы, можно легко регулировать. Во- вторых, из - за их небольшого размера, тромбоциты могут быть легко изолированы от других компонентов крови с минимальной подготовительной работы в минимально даже оборудованных лабораториях 5. Следует отметить, что тромбоциты не содержат ядра и, следовательно, могут быть использованы для изучения изменений в обмене веществ независимо от транскрипционной регуляции. Здесь мы покажем, чтов дополнение к относительной квантификации ацил-коэнзим А (CoA) тиоэфиры, изолированная система тромбоцитов может быть использован для изучения метаболизма углерода. В частности, мы сообщили об использовании метаболического мечения с стабильного изотопа (нерадиоактивного) меченого [13 C 6] -глюкозы и [13] C 16 -пальмитат зонд инкорпорации [13 C] -label в важный метаболит ацетил- КоА с помощью гликолиза или окисления жирных кислот. Это обеспечивает мощный, обобщению и универсальную платформу в связи с широким вовлечением видов ацил-CoA в биохимических путей 13,24 и сговорчивости этой системы для тестирования других переменных, таких как ингибирование комплекса I с ротенону 3,33. В дополнение к информации , представленной ниже протокола, обширное описание методов , используемых для маркировки изотопов и для LC-MS на основе анализа можно найти в Басу и Блэр 4.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="406">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:161px;">Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:92px;"></td>
			<td style="width:68px;"></td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Sodium Chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">746398</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">S5761</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Calcium Chloride Dihydrate (CaCl2 * H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">223506</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Potassium Chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">P9541</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Magnesium Chloride (MgCl2)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">208337</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">G8270</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">13C6-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>389374</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Palmitic acid</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Cayman</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">10006627</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">13C16-Palmitic Acid</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">605573</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Rotenone</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">R8875</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Trichloro Acetic Acid</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">T6399</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">5-Sulfosalicylic Acid</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">390275</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Acetonitirle</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">A996-4</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">(optima)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Water (H2O)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">W7-4</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">(optima)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Formic acid</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">85171</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">(optima)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Dimethyl Sulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">472301</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">04-355-222</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">A454-4</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">(optima)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Ammonium Acetate</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">A639-500</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">2 mL Eppendorf Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">BioExpress</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">C-3229-1</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">LC vials (plastic)</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">186002640</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">10 mL Glass Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Kimble Chase</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">73785-10</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Oasis Solid Phase Extraxtion (SPE) Columns</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Waters</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">WAT094225</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="29">
			<td height="29" style="height:29px;width:161px;">Pastuer Pipets</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">13-678-200</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:161px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:161px;">Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:92px;"></td>
			<td style="width:68px;"></td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:161px;">CO2 Water-Jacketed Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Nuaire</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">AutoFlow NU-8500</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:161px;">Triple Quadropole Mass Spectrometer</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">Finnigan TSQ Quantum</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="45">
			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:161px;">HPLC</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">Dionex Ultimate 3000</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:161px;">Source</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">HESI II</td>
			<td style="width:85px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="46">
			<td height="46" style="height:46px;width:161px;">HPLC Column</td>
			<td style="width:92px;">Phenomenex</td>
			<td style="width:68px;">Luna C18</td>
			<td style="width:85px;">3 &#956;m particle size, 200 mm x 2 mm</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

lc-ms analysis of human platelets as a platform for studying mitochondrial metabolism

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic pathways requires a model in which external factors can be well controlled, allowing for reproducible and meaningful results. Many studies employ transformed cellular models for these purposes; however, metabolic reprogramming that occurs in many cancer cell lines may introduce confounding variables. For this reason primary cells are desirable, though attaining adequate biomass for metabolic studies can be challenging. Here we show that human platelets can be utilized as a platform to carry out metabolic studies in combination with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. This approach is amenable to relative quantification and isotopic labeling to probe the activity of specific metabolic pathways. Availability of platelets from individual donors or from blood banks makes this model system applicable to clinical studies and feasible to scale up. Here we utilize isolated platelets to confirm previously identified compensatory metabolic shifts in response to the complex I inhibitor rotenone. More specifically, a decrease in glycolysis is accompanied by an increase in fatty acid oxidation to maintain acetyl-CoA levels. Our results show that platelets can be used as an easily accessible and medically relevant model to probe the effects of xenobiotics on cellular metabolism.

Чтобы продемонстрировать полезность этой методики мы воспроизвели обобщаемость ранее описанного компенсаторной метаболической адаптации в результате воздействия ротенону. Этот вывод был ранее идентифицирован в моделях клеточных культур, и это исследование было н...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism at JoVE.com

LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism

Здесь мы показываем , изолированные человеческие тромбоциты могут быть использованы в качестве доступной ех естественных условиях модель для изучения метаболических адаптации в ответ на комплекс I ингибитор ротенон. Этот подход использует изотопный отслеживанию и относительную количественную оценку с помощью жидкостной хроматографии-масс-спектрометрии, и может быть применен к различным дизайнов исследований.

ЖХ-МС анализ тромбоцитами человека как платформа для изучения метаболизма митохондрий

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic ...

Education

Research

JoVE Core

JoVE Journal

Statistics

Environment

Unit 1

Measures of Variation

Measures of Relative Standing

Probability Distributions

Estimates

Distributions

Hypothesis Testing

Analysis of Variance

Correlation and Regression

Statistics in Practice

SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Technique for Studying Arthropod and Microbial Communities within Tree Tissues

Техника для изучения членистоногих и микробных сообществ в Tree тканей

Phloem tissues of pine are habitats for many thousands of organisms.  Arthropods and microbes use phloem and cambium tissues to seek mates, lay eggs, rear ...

Transient Gene Expression in Tobacco using Gibson Assembly and the Gene Gun

Переходные экспрессии генов в табак с помощью Gibson Ассамблею и генной пушки

In order to target a single protein to multiple subcellular organelles, plants typically duplicate the relevant genes, and express each gene separately ...

Use of Chironomidae (Diptera) Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for Water Bodies

Use of Chironomidae Diptera Surface-Floating Pupal Exuviae as a Rapid Bioassessment Protocol for Water Bodies

Использование хирономид (Diptera), поверхностно-Плавающие куколки экзувии как Bioassessment протокола Rapid для водоемов

Rapid bioassessment protocols using benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages have been successfully used to assess human impacts on water quality. ...

Modification and Application of a Leaf Blower-vac for Field Sampling of Arthropods

Модификация и применение листа Blower-Vac для отбора проб на местах членистоногих

Rice fields host a large diversity of arthropods, but investigating their population dynamics and interactions is challenging. Here we describe the ...

Thermal Scanning Conductometry (TSC) as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Thermal Scanning Conductometry TSC as a General Method for Studying and Controlling the Phase Behavior of Conductive Physical Gels

Тепловые сканирования кондуктометрии (ТСК) как общего метода для изучения и управление поведением этапа проводящих физической гели

The thermal scanning conductometry protocol is a new approach in studying ionic gels based on low molecular weight gelators. The method is designed to ...

Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn (Zea mays) As an Exemplar

Quantifying Plant Soluble Protein and Digestible Carbohydrate Content, Using Corn Zea mays As an Exemplar

Количественная оценка завод растворимого белка и усваиваемых углеводов контента, используя кукурузы (Zea mays) как образец

Elemental data are commonly used to infer plant quality as a resource to herbivores. However, the ubiquity of carbon in biomolecules, the presence of ...

Studying Neurobehavioral Effects of Environmental Pollutants on Zebrafish Larvae

Изучение нейроповеденческих воздействий экологических загрязнителей на личинки зебрафиш

Recent years more and more environmental pollutants have been proved neurotoxic, especially at the early development stages of organisms. Zebrafish larvae ...

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties

Влияние строительных и сносных отходов пластиковых фракций на древесно-полимерные композитные свойства

Construction and demolition waste (CDW), including valuable materials such as plastics, have a remarkable influence on the waste sector. In order for ...

A Gnotobiotic System for Studying Microbiome Assembly in the Phyllosphere and in Vegetable Fermentation

Гототобиотическая система для изучения микробиомной ассамблеи в phyllosphere и в растительной ферментации

The phyllosphere, the above ground portion of the plant that can be colonized by microbes, is a useful model system to identify processes of microbial ...

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis

Microplot Design and Plant and Soil Sample Preparation for 15Nitrogen Analysis

Microplot Дизайн и завод и почва Пример подготовки к 15анализа азота

Many&#160;nitrogen fertilizer studies evaluate the overall effect of a treatment on end-of-season measurements such as grain yield or cumulative N losses. ...