Name: development of an ethanol-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish to study progenitor cell-mediated hepatocyte regeneration
Uploaded: 2016-05-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wurde teilweise durch Zuschüsse aus der GTEC (2731336 und 1411318), der NIH (K01DK081351) und der NSF (1.354.837) zu CHS unterstützt Wir Alem Giorgis für das kritische Lesen des Manuskripts danken.

Zebrabärblinge wurden angehoben und unter Verwendung eines Standardprotokolls gezüchtet, die die Kriterien der National Institutes of Health erfüllt und vom Georgia Institute of Technology Institutional Animal Care und Use Committee genehmigt. 1. Herstellung der Lösungen <ol><li> Es werden 20 L Ei Wasser (austauschbar mit &quot;Embryo Medium&quot; verwendet) embryonale / Larven Zebrabärbling zu halten. Man löst 1,5 g CaSO 4 und 6 g Instant Ocean Meersalz in 250 ml destilliertem Wasser. Gießen...

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Wir beobachteten HPC-vermittelte Hepatozyten Regeneration in den EtOH / MTZ-behandelten Rückgewinnung Lebern, was nahe legt, dass selbst in Gegenwart von erheblichen Menge an ECM-Proteinen, einschließlich fibrillärem Kollagen Typ I, die HPCs ihre Kompetenz behalten als Hepatozyten zu regenerieren. Die MTZ nur Behandlung nicht zu einer Erhöhung der Abscheidung von ECM - Proteine ​​signifikant, während die EtOH nur Behandlung nicht HPC Aktivierung 15 induzieren. Durch die Nutzung der kombinierten EtOH ...

Trotz der bemerkenswerten Regenerationsfähigkeit von Hepatozyten 1, die die Haupt Parenchymzelle Typ der Leber sind, beeinträchtigt chronischem Leberversagen diese Fähigkeit, die zu Lebervorläuferzellen (HPC) -abhängigen Regeneration 2. Chronische Leberschäden wird hauptsächlich durch Alkoholmissbrauch, chronische Hepatitis - C - Virus (HCV) -Infektion 3 und nicht-alkoholische Fettlebererkrankung (NAFLD) 4 abgeleitet. Es führt zu einer nachhaltigen Leberfibrose, die mit der Akkumulation von extrazellulären Matrix (ECM) Proteinen assoziiert ist. Persistierende ECM Akkumulation verzerrt intakte Leber Architektur durch ein faseriges Narbengewebe 5 bilden, anschließend in Zirrhose mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität führt. Viele Versuche sind unternommen worden , um die fibrotische Reaktion zu mildern , die hauptsächlich durch die Konzentration auf die Hemmung profibrogenen Zytokine und aktiviert Myofibroblasten 6. Letztere wird in erster Linie, abgeleitet von hepatischen Sternzellen (HSCs) das Prinzip der Leber nicht parenchymalen Zellen verantwortlich für die Leber Narbenbildung 4. Dennoch regenerative Therapien, die endogenen zellulären Quellen, einschließlich HPCs stimulieren Hepatozyten in Gegenwart von anhaltender fibrogen Beleidigungen erwarten eine weitere Untersuchung zu regenerieren. Viele experimentelle Modelle der Leberfibrose wurde in Säugetieren beschrieben. Repetitive Injektion von Kohlenstofftetrachlorid (CCl 4) wurde in großem Umfang verwendet , um Leberfibrose in Maus- und Rattenmodelle 7 induzieren. Wenn sie mit einem hohen Fett (HF) Diät kombiniert, führte Alkohol zu einer wesentlichen Heraufregulierung von profibrogenen Genexpression und Leberfibrose 8. Während Steatose (Fettansammlung) von einer akuten Alkoholexposition führt, macht es die Leber anfällig für mehr schwere Leberschädigung 9. Der Zebrabärbling, Danio rerio, hat sich als eine unschätzbare wirbelModellSystem entstand Regeneration für das Studium. Obwohlanderen niederen Wirbeltiere wie Molche und Axolotl haben eine bemerkenswerte Fähigkeit zur Regeneration, die Zebrabärbling hat Vorteile gegenüber anderen Modellsystemen in Bezug auf die Genmanipulation und Visualisierungsstrategien benötigt Potenzial regenerativer 10 Faktoren zu manipulieren. Der Zebrafisch stellt auch ein attraktives Vertebraten Modell für die Untersuchung alkoholische Lebererkrankung (ALD) durch einfaches Hinzufügen von Ethanol (EtOH), um ihr Wasser. Akute EtOH Exposition gegenüber Larven und erwachsenen Zebrafisch verursacht Hepatosteatose 13.11. Bei Erwachsenen Zebrabärbling erweiterten EtOH Belichtung erhalten, Kollagenablagerung wurde mit upregulation der Fibrose im Zusammenhang mit Genen 14 beobachtet. Es besteht jedoch ein Bedarf für die Entwicklung Modelle Leberregeneration in Reaktion auf EtOH als fibrogene Stimulus zu studieren. Vor kurzem haben wir eine EtOH-induzierten fibrotischen Lebermodell in Zebrabärbling 15. Wir kombiniert, um eine Hepatozyten-spezifischen genetischen Ablationssystem mit EtOH Behandlung in Larven- und adult Zebrabärbling. Wir erzeugten zwei transgenen Linien, Tg (fabp10a: CFP-NTR) GT1 und Tg (fabp10a: mCherry-NTR) GT2, in denen E.coli Nitroreduktase (NTR) zu dem cyan fusioniert sind und mCherry fluoreszierendes Protein jeweils unter der Kontrolle der Hepatozyten-spezifischen Fettsäure - bindendes Protein 10a, Leber einfach (fabp10a) Promotor. In diesem System wandelt NTR eine nicht - toxische Prodrug Metronidazol (MTZ) in eine DNA Interstrang-Vernetzungsmittel 16, expliziter Tod von Hepatozyten zu induzieren. Mit diesem Modell haben wir gezeigt, dass eine Population von Leberzellen, die Signalisierungs Notch ansprechen, umgewandelt in Hepatozyten in naher Abwesenheit von Hepatozyten und im Überschuß von ECM. Wir bezeichneten diese Zellen als HPCs. Darüber hinaus wird durch chemische Bildschirme identifizierten wir kleine Molekül Aktivatoren der Wnt-Signal und Inhibitoren der Notch-Signalweg, die Hepatozyten-Regeneration in der fibrotischen Leber vermehren. Therefore, unser fibrotischen Lebermodell in Zebrabärbling stellt ein hervorragendes System chemisches Screening im Vergleich zu Zellkultur- oder Säugetier-basierte Screening-System. Es ist ein in vivo - System mit erheblichen Kosten- und zeitsparende Vorteile. Hier beschreiben wir die Einzelheiten der Verfahren zur Herstellung einer EtOH-induzierten Modell fibrotischen Leber und zur Durchführung chemischer Bildschirme unter Verwendung dieses Modells in Zebrabärbling. Darüber hinaus wurden der zeitliche Verlauf Analysen wie Hepatozyten Regeneration in der fibrotischen Leber auftritt, zu untersuchen durchgeführt. Dieses Protokoll wird ein unschätzbares Werkzeug zur Verfügung stellen, die Mechanismen und Strategien zur Verbesserung Hepatozyten Regeneration in der fibrotischen Leber zu studieren.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4)</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td>AC385355000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)</td>
			<td>EMD</td>
			<td>MX0075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N&#8242;,N&#8242;-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3889</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E7023</td>
			<td>200 proof</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>F79-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metronidazole (MTZ)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M3761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-amino benzoic acid ethyl ester (Tricaine)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablet</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>E404</td>
			<td>Dissolve one tablet with 100 ml distilled water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low-melting agarose&#160;</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>BP165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>L2100</td>
			<td>10mM stock in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ActiProbe-1K Library</td>
			<td>Timtec</td>
			<td>ActiProbe-1K</td>
			<td>10mM stock in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SB 415286</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>S2729</td>
			<td>Dissolve with DMSO to 10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR-99021</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>S2924</td>
			<td>Dissolve with DMSO to 10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Collagen I antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab23730</td>
			<td>Use at 1:100 for immunostaining, reacts with fish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AlexaFluor 647 Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A31573</td>
			<td>Use at 1:200 for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting media (Vectorshield)</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm petri dish</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25384-088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well plate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10062-896</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11255-20</td>
			<td>Dumont #55</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48312-003</td>
			<td>75x25 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366-045</td>
			<td>18 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic wrap</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22305654</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1213100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kimwipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>34155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vibrotome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>VT1000 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluoresent microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M205 FA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocol microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

development of an ethanol-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish to study progenitor cell-mediated hepatocyte regeneration

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading to cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction. Among multiple hepatic insults, alcohol abuse can lead to significant health problems including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the identity of endogenous cellular sources that regenerate hepatocytes in response to alcohol has not been properly investigated. Moreover, few studies have effectively modeled hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury. We recently reported on establishing an ethanol (EtOH)-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish in which hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) gave rise to hepatocytes upon near-complete hepatocyte loss in the presence of fibrogenic stimulus. Furthermore, through chemical screens using this model, we identified multiple small molecules that enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Here we describe in detail the procedures to develop an EtOH-induced fibrotic liver model and to perform chemical screens using this model in zebrafish. This protocol will be a critical tool to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how hepatocyte regenerates in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, these methods will facilitate potential discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver disease in vivo.

Abbildung 1 zeigt die Entwicklung einer EtOH-induzierten fibrotischen Lebermodell in Larven Zebrabärbling. Um ein Protokoll zur Belichtung Zebrabärbling Larven EtOH optimieren wir zunächst EtOH Toxizität beurteilt. 2,5 Tage post-Fertilisation (dpf) Larven wurden auf 1% EtOH-Konzentration ausgesetzt, 1,5% bzw. 2% für 24 Stunden durch eine gleichzeitige 24 hr EtOH / MTZ Behandlung. Exposition gegenüber 2% EtOH verursacht hohe Mortalität, während fast alle Larven au...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration at JoVE.com

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Entwicklung einer fibrotischen Leber Modell in Zebrabärbling Ethanol-induzierte zur Untersuchung Progenitor-vermittelte Zell Hepatozyten-Regeneration

Sustained fibrosis with deposition of excessive extracellular matrix proteins leads to cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of severe liver disease. We established an ethanol-induced zebrafish fibrotic liver model to study the mechanisms and strategies of promoting hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury.

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Use of the TetON System to Study Molecular Mechanisms of Zebrafish Regeneration

Die Nutzung der Teton-System, um molekulare Mechanismen bei Zebrafisch Regeneration Studieren

The zebrafish has become a very important model organism for studying vertebrate development, physiology, disease, and tissue regeneration. A thorough ...

Forschung

Entwicklungsbiologie

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

Hepatozyten-spezifische Ablation in Zebrafische, um Gallengetriebenen Leberregeneration Studieren

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or ...

Isolation of Mouse Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

Isolation of Mouse Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

Isolierung von Maus Endometrial Epithelial und Stromazellen für<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; decidualization

Decidualization is a progesterone-dependent differentiation process of endometrial stromal cells and is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation. ...

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Histologische Analysen der akuten alkoholischen Leberverletzung in Zebrafisch

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

Gründung der Larven Zebrafisch als Tier-Modell zu untersuchen Trypanosomen Trypanosoma Motilität In Vivo

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose motility is not only important for localization, but also for cellular binding ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells HSPCs in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Entwicklung eines In-vitro- Assay, hämatopoetischen Stammzellen und Vorläuferzellen Quantitate Zellen (HSPCs) bei der Entwicklung von Zebrafish Embryos

Hematopoiesis is an essential cellular process in which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate into the multitude of different cell ...

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Partielle Lobuläres Hepatektomie: Chirurgische Modell für morphologische Leberregeneration

Morphological organ regeneration following acute tissue loss is common among lower vertebrates, but is rarely observed in mammalian postnatal life. Adult ...

Methods for the Study of Regeneration in Stentor

Methods for the Study of Regeneration in Stentor

Methoden für die Untersuchung der Regeneration im Stentor

Cells need to be able to regenerate their parts to recover from external perturbations. The unicellular ciliate Stentor coeruleus is an excellent model ...

Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization in Zebrafish Embryos and Tube Formation Assay in iPSC-ECs to Study the Role of Endoglin in Vascular Development

Ganz-Mount-In-Situ-Hybridisierung in Zebrafisch-Embryonen und Tube-Formations-Assay in iPSC-ECs zur Untersuchung der Rolle von Endoglin in der Gefäßentwicklung

Vascular development is determined by the sequential expression of specific genes, which can be studied by performing in situ hybridization assays in ...

Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

Entwicklung eines Larval Zebrafish Infection Model für Clostridioides difficile

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is considered to be one of the most common healthcare-associated gastrointestinal infections in the United ...