Name: development of an ethanol-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish to study progenitor cell-mediated hepatocyte regeneration
Uploaded: 2016-05-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration at JoVE.com

Este trabajo fue apoyado en parte por subvenciones del GTEC (2731336 y 1411318), el NIH (K01DK081351), y la NSF (1.354.837) a CHS Agradecemos Alem Giorgis para la lectura crítica del manuscrito.

El pez cebra fueron criados y criados utilizando un protocolo estándar que cumpla con los criterios de los Institutos Nacionales de Salud y aprobadas por el Instituto de Tecnología de Georgia Institucional Cuidado de Animales y el empleo. 1. Preparación de soluciones <ol><li> Preparar el agua de huevo 20 L (utilizado indistintamente con &#39;medio de embrión&#39;) para mantener embriones de pez cebra / larval. Disolver 1,5 g de CaSO 4 y 6 g de sal del mar del océano instantánea en 250 ml de ag...

<ol>
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Se observó la regeneración de hepatocitos HPC mediada en los hígados se recuperan con tratamiento MTZ EtOH /, lo que sugiere que incluso en presencia de una cantidad sustancial de proteínas ECM, incluyendo el tipo fibrilar de colágeno I, las HPCs conservan su competencia para regenerar como hepatocitos. La única MTZ-tratamiento no aumentó la deposición de proteínas ECM significativamente, mientras que el único tratamiento EtOH no indujo la activación HPC 15. Al utilizar el tratamiento combinado EtO...

A pesar de la notable capacidad de regeneración de los hepatocitos 1, que son el principal tipo de células de parénquima del hígado, insuficiencia hepática crónica afecta esta capacidad, dando lugar a células progenitoras hepáticas (HPC) la regeneración dependiente de 2. Daño hepático crónico se deriva principalmente de abuso de alcohol, el virus de la hepatitis C crónica (VHC) 3 y enfermedad de hígado graso no alcohólica (EHNA) 4. Esto conduce a la fibrosis hepática sostenida, que se asocia con la acumulación de proteínas de la matriz extracelular (ECM). La persistencia de la acumulación de ECM distorsiona la arquitectura hepática intacta mediante la formación de un tejido fibroso cicatrizante 5, posteriormente, lo que resulta en cirrosis con alta morbilidad y mortalidad. Se han hecho muchos intentos para mitigar la respuesta fibrótica principalmente centrándose en la inhibición de citoquinas profibrogénicas y miofibroblastos activados 6. Este último se deriva principalmente de las células estrelladas hepáticas (HSC), las principales células no parenquimatosas hepáticas responsables de la formación de la cicatriz del hígado 4. Sin embargo, las terapias regenerativas que estimulan fuentes celulares endógenos incluyendo HPCs para regenerar los hepatocitos en presencia de insultos fibrogénicos sostenidos esperan más investigación. Muchos modelos experimentales de fibrosis hepática se han descrito en los mamíferos. Inyección repetitiva de tetracloruro de carbono (CCl 4) ha sido ampliamente utilizado para inducir la fibrosis de hígado en murinos y de rata modelos 7. Cuando se combina con una dieta alta en grasa (HF), alcohol condujo a una regulación al alza sustancial de la expresión génica profibrogenic y fibrosis hepática 8. Mientras que la esteatosis (acumulación de lípidos) resulta de la exposición aguda de alcohol, hace que el hígado susceptible a daño hepático más grave 9. El pez cebra, Danio rerio, se ha convertido en un sistema de modelo de vertebrados de gran valor para el estudio de la regeneración. Aunqueotros vertebrados inferiores, tales como tritones y axolotls tienen una notable capacidad de regeneración, el pez cebra tiene ventajas sobre otros sistemas de modelos con respecto a las estrategias de manipulación genética y de visualización necesarios para manipular los factores de potencial regenerativo 10. El pez cebra también representa un modelo de vertebrados atractivo para el estudio de la enfermedad hepática alcohólica (ALD) por simple adición de etanol (EtOH) a su agua. La exposición aguda EtOH para larvas de pez cebra adultos y esteatosis hepática causada 11-13. Cuando el pez cebra adulto recibió la exposición prolongada EtOH, se observó la deposición de colágeno con la regulación positiva de genes relacionados con la fibrosis-14. Sin embargo, existe una necesidad para el desarrollo de modelos para estudiar la regeneración del hígado en respuesta a EtOH como un estímulo fibrogénicos. Recientemente, hemos desarrollado un modelo de fibrosis hepática inducida por EtOH 15 en el pez cebra. Hemos combinado un sistema de ablación genética específico de hepatocitos con el tratamiento con EtOH en larvas y adultt pez cebra. Hemos generado dos líneas transgénicas, Tg (fabp10a: CFP-NTR) gt1 y Tg (fabp10a: mCherry-NTR) GT2, en el que E. coli nitrorreductasa (NTR) se fusionan con el cian y proteína fluorescente mCherry, respectivamente, bajo el control del ácido graso específico de hepatocitos proteína 10a, básico (fabp10a) promotor hígado de unión. En este sistema, NTR convierte un profármaco no tóxico metronidazol (MTZ) en un agente de reticulación inter-cadena de ADN 16, inducir la muerte explícita de los hepatocitos. Utilizando este modelo, hemos demostrado que una población de células hepáticas, que son sensibles a la señalización de Notch, convertida en hepatocitos en la casi ausencia de hepatocitos y en el exceso de ECM. Designamos estas células como HPC. Por otra parte, a través de las pantallas químicas, hemos identificado activadores de moléculas pequeñas de la señalización de Wnt y los inhibidores de la señalización de Notch que aumentan la regeneración de los hepatocitos en el hígado fibrótico. Therefore, nuestro modelo de hígado fibrótico en el pez cebra representa un sistema de detección química excelente en comparación con cultura-célula o sistema de selección basado en los mamíferos. Es un sistema in vivo con costos significativos y beneficios de ahorro de tiempo. Aquí se describen los procedimientos detallados para el establecimiento de un modelo de fibrosis hepática inducida por EtOH y para la realización de pantallas químicos que utilizan este modelo en el pez cebra. Además, se realizaron análisis de tiempo-por supuesto para investigar cómo la regeneración de los hepatocitos se produce en el hígado fibrótico. Este protocolo proporcionará una valiosa herramienta para estudiar los mecanismos y estrategias de mejora de la regeneración de los hepatocitos en el hígado fibrótico.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4)</td>
			<td>Acros</td>
			<td>AC385355000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Magnesium sulfate (MgSO4)</td>
			<td>EMD</td>
			<td>MX0075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1,4-Piperazinediethanesulfonic acid (PIPES)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)-N,N,N&#8242;,N&#8242;-tetraacetic acid (EGTA)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E3889</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E7023</td>
			<td>200 proof</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formaldehyde</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>F79-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metronidazole (MTZ)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M3761</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P7629</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-amino benzoic acid ethyl ester (Tricaine)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablet</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>E404</td>
			<td>Dissolve one tablet with 100 ml distilled water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D2438</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1600</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP151</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Low-melting agarose&#160;</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>BP165</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stem Cell Signaling Compound Library</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>L2100</td>
			<td>10mM stock in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ActiProbe-1K Library</td>
			<td>Timtec</td>
			<td>ActiProbe-1K</td>
			<td>10mM stock in DMSO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SB 415286</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>S2729</td>
			<td>Dissolve with DMSO to 10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHIR-99021</td>
			<td>Selleck Chemicals</td>
			<td>S2924</td>
			<td>Dissolve with DMSO to 10mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Collagen I antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>ab23730</td>
			<td>Use at 1:100 for immunostaining, reacts with fish</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AlexaFluor 647 Donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Molecular Probes</td>
			<td>A31573</td>
			<td>Use at 1:200 for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mounting media (Vectorshield)</td>
			<td>Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td>H-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100 mm petri dish</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25384-088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well plate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10062-896</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11255-20</td>
			<td>Dumont #55</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass slide</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48312-003</td>
			<td>75x25 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cover glass</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>48366-045</td>
			<td>18 mm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic wrap</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>22305654</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1213100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kimwipes</td>
			<td>Kimberly-Clark</td>
			<td>34155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vibrotome</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>VT1000 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stereo microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M80</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epifluoresent microscope</td>
			<td>Leica</td>
			<td>M205 FA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocol microscope</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td>LSM700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

development of an ethanol-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish to study progenitor cell-mediated hepatocyte regeneration

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading to cirrhosis with hepatocellular dysfunction. Among multiple hepatic insults, alcohol abuse can lead to significant health problems including liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. Nonetheless, the identity of endogenous cellular sources that regenerate hepatocytes in response to alcohol has not been properly investigated. Moreover, few studies have effectively modeled hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury. We recently reported on establishing an ethanol (EtOH)-induced fibrotic liver model in zebrafish in which hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) gave rise to hepatocytes upon near-complete hepatocyte loss in the presence of fibrogenic stimulus. Furthermore, through chemical screens using this model, we identified multiple small molecules that enhance hepatocyte regeneration. Here we describe in detail the procedures to develop an EtOH-induced fibrotic liver model and to perform chemical screens using this model in zebrafish. This protocol will be a critical tool to delineate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of how hepatocyte regenerates in the fibrotic liver. Furthermore, these methods will facilitate potential discovery of novel therapeutic strategies for chronic liver disease in vivo.

Figura 1 muestra el desarrollo de un modelo de hígado fibrótico EtOH inducida en larvas de pez cebra. Para optimizar un protocolo para la exposición de las larvas de pez cebra para EtOH, se evaluó la toxicidad primera EtOH. 2,5 días post-fertilización (DPF) larvas fueron expuestas a la concentración de EtOH 1%, 1,5% o 2% durante 24 horas seguido de un 24 hr EtOH tratamiento concurrente / MTZ. La exposición al 2% EtOH causó una mortalidad elevada, mientras que ca...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration at JoVE.com

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Desarrollo de un Modelo de hígado fibrótico inducida por etanol en el pez cebra para el Estudio de células progenitoras mediada por la regeneración de hepatocitos

Sustained fibrosis with deposition of excessive extracellular matrix proteins leads to cirrhosis. Alcohol abuse is one of the main causes of severe liver disease. We established an ethanol-induced zebrafish fibrotic liver model to study the mechanisms and strategies of promoting hepatocyte regeneration upon alcohol-induced injury.

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Use of the TetON System to Study Molecular Mechanisms of Zebrafish Regeneration

El uso del Sistema de Teton para estudiar los mecanismos moleculares de la regeneración de pez cebra

The zebrafish has become a very important model organism for studying vertebrate development, physiology, disease, and tissue regeneration. A thorough ...

Investigación

Biología del Desarrollo

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

Ablación específico de hepatocitos en pez cebra para estudiar biliar impulsada regeneración hepática

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or ...

Isolation of Mouse Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

Isolation of Mouse Endometrial Epithelial and Stromal Cells for In Vitro Decidualization

Aislamiento de ratón endometrial epiteliales y células del estroma de<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; decidualization

Decidualization is a progesterone-dependent differentiation process of endometrial stromal cells and is a prerequisite for successful embryo implantation. ...

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Análisis histológicos de lesiones hepáticas alcohólicas agudas en peces cebra

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

Establishment of Larval Zebrafish as an Animal Model to Investigate Trypanosoma cruzi Motility In Vivo

Establecimiento de pez cebra Larval como modelo Animal para investigar Trypanosoma cruzi motilidad En Vivo

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, whose motility is not only important for localization, but also for cellular binding ...

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Development of an In Vitro Assay to Quantitate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells HSPCs in Developing Zebrafish Embryos

Desarrollo de un ensayo In Vitro para cuantificar Progenitor y vástago hematopoyética células (HSPCs) en el desarrollo de embriones de pez cebra

Hematopoiesis is an essential cellular process in which hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) differentiate into the multitude of different cell ...

Partial Lobular Hepatectomy: A Surgical Model for Morphologic Liver Regeneration

Hepatectomía parcial lobulado: Un modelo quirúrgico para regeneración hepática morfológico

Morphological organ regeneration following acute tissue loss is common among lower vertebrates, but is rarely observed in mammalian postnatal life. Adult ...

Methods for the Study of Regeneration in Stentor

Methods for the Study of Regeneration in Stentor

Métodos para el estudio de la regeneración en Stentor

Cells need to be able to regenerate their parts to recover from external perturbations. The unicellular ciliate Stentor coeruleus is an excellent model ...

Whole-Mount In Situ Hybridization in Zebrafish Embryos and Tube Formation Assay in iPSC-ECs to Study the Role of Endoglin in Vascular Development

Hibridación en situ de montaje completo en embriones de pez cebra y ensayo de formación de tubos en iPSC-CE para estudiar el papel de la endoglina en el desarrollo vascular

Vascular development is determined by the sequential expression of specific genes, which can be studied by performing in situ hybridization assays in ...

Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

Development of a Larval Zebrafish Infection Model for Clostridioides difficile

Desarrollo de un modelo de infección de pez cebra larval para Clostridioides difficile

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is considered to be one of the most common healthcare-associated gastrointestinal infections in the United ...