Name: primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction
Uploaded: 2016-10-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

The authors gratefully acknowledge Marlijn Jansen, Joyce Visser, Grace Croft, Martijn van Nieuwburg, Danny Elbersen and Evelyn Velema for their excellent technical support during the animal experiments.

Alle Tierversuche wurden von der Ethikkommission für Tierversuche der University Medical Center Utrecht (Utrecht, Niederlande) und entsprechen dem &quot;Leitfaden für die Pflege und Verwendung von Labortieren&quot; zugelassen. HINWEIS: Das Protokoll zur Durchführung einer geschlossenen Brust Ballonokklusion nicht Teil des aktuellen Manuskript ist und an anderer Stelle ausführlich 5 beschrieben. Kurz gesagt, Schweinen (60-70 kg) werden bis 75 min transluminaler Ballonokklusion ...

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Kardialen Remodeling wird abhängig weitgehend auf die myokardiale Infarktgröße und die Qualität der Myokardinfarkt reparieren 6,26. Um die ehemalige in standardisierter Weise beurteilen zu können , ist die vorliegende Manuskript stellt eine elegante Methode der In - vivo - Infusion von Evans - Blau in Kombination mit Ex - vivo - TTC - Färbung, die validiert wurde und ausgiebig genutzt 8,16,27,28. Diese Methode erlaubt eine Quantifizierung des Risikobereich ...

Herzinsuffizienz mit verminderter Ejektionsfraktion (HFrEF) entfallen rund 50% aller Herzversagen Fällen betreffen schätzungsweise 1 bis 2% der Menschen in der westlichen Welt ein. Die häufigste Ursache ist akutem Myokardinfarkt (AMI). Als akute Mortalität nach AMI deutlich aufgrund der erhöhten Bewusstsein und verbesserte Behandlungsmöglichkeiten zurückgegangen ist, Schwerpunkt hat zu seiner chronischen Folgen verschoben; der prominenteste Wesen HFrEF 2,3. Zusammen mit Gesundheitskosten 4 steigt, hebt die wachsende Epidemie von Herzinsuffizienz der Bedarf nach neuen Diagnostik und Therapien, die in einem hochTranslationsSchweineModell nachteiliger Remodeling nach AMI untersucht werden können , wie zuvor beschrieben 5. Beide, Determinanten (zB Infarktgröße) und Funktionsprüfungen (zB Echokardiographie) der unerwünschten Umbau werden häufig für Wirksamkeitstests neuer Therapeutika verwendet werden, was die Notwendigkeit einer reliable und relativ kostengünstige Verfahren. Das Ziel des aktuellen Papiers ist es, diesen Bedarf zu begegnen, indem wichtige und verlässliche Ergebnisse Maßnahmen zur Wirksamkeitsprüfung in einem Schweinemodell des akuten Myokardinfarkts einzuführen. Dazu gehören die Infarktgröße (IS) in Bezug auf Risikobereich (AAR), 3D-transösophageale Echokardiographie (3D-TEE) und detaillierte Aufnahme-basierten Druck-Volumen (PV) Schleifenerfassung. Die Infarktgröße ist der wichtigste Faktor für die negativen Umbau und das Überleben nach AMI 6. Obwohl rechtzeitige Reperfusion von ischämischem Myokard kann reversibel verletzt Kardiomyozyten retten und die Infarktgröße zu begrenzen, Reperfusion selbst verursacht zusätzlichen Schaden durch die Erzeugung von oxidativem Stress und eine unverhältnismäßig hohe Entzündungsreaktion (Ischämie-Reperfusionsschaden (IRI)) 7. Daher wurde IRI als ein vielversprechendes therapeutisches Ziel identifiziert. Die Fähigkeit neuartiger Therapeutika Infarktgröße zu verringern, wird durch die Ermittlung der Infarktgröße im Verhältnis quantifiziertauf dem Gebiet gefährdet (AAR). AAR Quantifizierung ist obligatorisch für interindividuelle Variabilität bei der koronaren Anatomie von Tiermodellen zu korrigieren, als ein größerer AAR auf eine größere absolute Infarktgröße führt. Da die Infarktgröße direkt auf die Herzleistung und Kontraktilität verwandt ist, kann in AAR Variationen studieren Maßnahmen Ergebnis unabhängig von Modalitäten 8 Behandlung beeinflussen. Dreidimensionale transösophageale Echokardiographie (3D-TEE) ist eine sichere, zuverlässige und, am wichtigsten, klinisch anwendbare kostengünstige Methode die Herzfunktion nicht-invasiv zu messen. Während transthorakale Echokardiographie (TTE) Bilder in 2D parasternal Lang- und Kurz Achse begrenzt sind Ansichten bei Schweinen 9, 3D-TEE kann eine vollständige 3-dimensionale Bilder des linken Ventrikels zu erhalten verwendet werden. Daher erfordert es keine mathematische Annäherungen der linksventrikulären (LV) Volumes wie modifizierten Simpson-Regel 10. Letztere greift zu kurz korrekt Abschätzen LV Volumina nach Remodeling LV aufgrund des Fehlens von zylindrischer Geometrie 11. Außerdem ist die 3D-TEE vorzuziehen epikardiale Echokardiographie , da es nicht chirurgische Eingriffe erfordert, die beobachtet wurden , in dem vorliegenden Modell 12 kardioprotektive Wirkungen auszuüben. Obwohl die Verwendung von 2D-TEE für die Beurteilung der Herzmuskelfunktion , bevor 13,14 beschrieben worden ist , in Bezug auf Beschränkungen Ventrikelgeometrie sind ähnlich denen , beobachtet in 2D-TTE und hängen von dem Ausmaß der LV Umbau. Somit werden, je größer der Infarkt (und damit desto höher die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Herzversagen), desto wahrscheinlicher 2D Messungen fehlerhaft durch falsche geometrische Annahmen und desto höher ist die Notwendigkeit für die 3D-Techniken. Trotzdem sind die meisten Bildgebungsverfahren beschränkt in ihrer Fähigkeit intrinsischen funktionalen Eigenschaften des Myokards zu beurteilen. PV-Schleifen solche zusätzliche relevante Informationen zur Verfügung stellen und deren Erwerb ist daherim Detail unten beschrieben.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="875">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">iE33 ultrasound device</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">X7-2t transducer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Aquasonic&#174; 100 ultrasound transmission gel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Parker Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">01-34</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Battery handle type C (laryngoscope handle)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ri-Standard Miller blade MIL 4 (laryngoscope blade)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Qlab 10.0 (3DQ Advanced) analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Pressure-volume loop acquisition</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Cardiac defibrillator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">0.9% saline</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9F Radifocus&#174; Introducer II Standard Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Terumo</td>
			<td>RS*A90K10SQ</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Fogarty catheter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Edward Life Sciences</td>
			<td>62080814F</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Criticath&#8482; SP5107H TD catheter (Swan-Ganz)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Becton Dickinson (BD)</td>
			<td>680078</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Ultraview SL Patient Monitor and Invasive Command Module (external cardiac output device)</td>
			<td>Spacelabs Healthcare</td>
			<td>91387</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ADVantage system&#8482;</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F tetra-polar admittance catheter (7.0 VSL Pigtail / no lumen)</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multi-channel acquisition system (Iworx 404)</td>
			<td>Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Labscribe V2.0 analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Infarct size / area-at-risk quantification</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Diathermy</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Lebsch knife</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Hammer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Bone marrow wax</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Syneture</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Klinkenberg scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Retractor</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Surgical scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td>CP-08703</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">7F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">H749 34357-662</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td>H749 34358-662&#160;</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">COPILOT Bleedback Control Valves&#160;</td>
			<td>Abbott Vascular</td>
			<td>1003331</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD Connecta&#8482;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Franklin Lakes</td>
			<td>394995</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Contrast agent</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Telebrix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Persuader 9 Steerable Guidewire 9 (0.014&#34;, 180 cm, straight tip), hydrophilic coating</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Medtronic Inc.</td>
			<td>9PSDR180HS</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:397px;">SAPPHIRE&#8482; Coronary Dilatation Catheter (PTCA balloon suitable for the size of the particular coronary artery (2.75 - 3.25 mm))</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">OrbusNeich</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">103-3015</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Evans Blue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E2129-100G</td>
			<td>Toxic. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8877-100G</td>
			<td>Irritant. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9V battery</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ruler</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Photocamera</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are therefore required to confine cardiac damage, promote survival and reduce the disease burden of heart failure. Large animal experiments are an essential part in the translational process from experimental to clinical therapies. To optimize clinical translation, robust and representative outcome measures are mandatory. The present manuscript aims to address this need by describing the assessment of three clinically relevant outcome modalities in a pig acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model: infarct size in relation to area at risk (IS/AAR) staining, 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops. Infarct size is the main determinant driving the transition from AMI to heart failure and can be quantified by IS/AAR staining. Echocardiography is a reliable and robust tool in the assessment of global and regional cardiac function in clinical cardiology. Here, a method for three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) in pigs is provided. Extensive insight into cardiac performance can be obtained by admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops, including intrinsic parameters of myocardial function that are pre- and afterload independent. Combined with a clinically feasible experimental study protocol, these outcome measures provide researchers with essential information to determine whether novel therapeutic strategies could yield promising targets for future testing in clinical studies.

<html> 3D transösophageale Echokardiographie 3D transösophageale Echokardiographie (3D-TEE) kann für die Bewertung der globalen Herzfunktion verwendet werden. Nach AMI unterscheidet globale Herzfunktion von gesunden Ausgangswerten. Insbesondere die linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion (LVEF) verringert sich von 59 ± 4% auf 37 ± 6% nach einer Woche der Reperfusion (n = 10) (GPJ van Hout, 2015). Eine Erhöhu...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Zuverlässige und genaue Erfolgskontrolle ist der Schlüssel für die Übersetzung der präklinischen Therapien in die klinische Behandlung. Das aktuelle Dokument beschreibt, wie in einem Schweine akutem Myokardinfarkt Modell drei klinisch relevanten primären Outcome-Parameter der Herzleistung und Schaden zu beurteilen.

Primärer Ergebnisbeurteilung in einem Schwein Modell eines akuten Myokardinfarkts

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Akuter Myokardinfarkt bei Ratten

With heart failure leading the cause of death in the USA (Hunt), biomedical research is fundamental to advance medical treatments for cardiovascular ...

Forschung

Medizin

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. The similarity of the mouse heart to the human heart has made it an ...

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Myokardinfarkt und Functional Outcome Assessment in Schweine

Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One ...

Myocardial Infarction in Neonatal Mice, A Model of Cardiac Regeneration

Myokardinfarkts bei neugeborenen Mäusen, ein Modell von Cardiac Regeneration

Myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation has been used in many animal models as a tool to study the mechanisms of cardiac repair and ...

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Echtzeit-Druck-Volumen-Analyse eines akuten Myokardinfarkts bei Mäusen

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Digitale PCR zur Quantifizierung der zirkulierenden MicroRNAs in akuten Myokardinfarkt und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen

Circulating serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers for the cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), being released ...

Implantation of hiPSC-derived Cardiac-muscle Patches after Myocardial Injury in a Guinea Pig Model

Implantation von HiPSC abgeleitete Herzmuskel Patches nach Myokard-Schädigung in einem Meerschweinchen-Modell

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss ...

A Cryoinjury Model to Study Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse

Ein Cryoinjury-Modell zur Untersuchung des Myokardinfarkts in der Maus

The use of animal models is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndrome and its complications. In this article, we ...

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Intramyokardiale Transplantation von MSC-Loading injizierbaren Hydrogelen nach Myokardinfarkt in einem Murine-Modell

One of the major issues facing current cardiac stem cell therapies for preventing postinfarct heart failure is the low retention and survival rates of ...

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Verwendung von perkutanen ventrikulären Unterstützungsgeräten bei akutem Myokardinfarkt, der durch kardiogenen Schock kompliziert ist

Cardiogenic shock is defined as persistent hypotension, accompanied by evidence of end organ hypo-perfusion. Percutaneous ventricular assist devices ...