Name: primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction
Uploaded: 2016-10-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

The authors gratefully acknowledge Marlijn Jansen, Joyce Visser, Grace Croft, Martijn van Nieuwburg, Danny Elbersen and Evelyn Velema for their excellent technical support during the animal experiments.

Alle dyreforsøk ble godkjent av etisk komité for forsøk med dyr ved University Medical Center Utrecht (Utrecht, Nederland) og i samsvar med &#39;Guide for omsorg og bruk av forsøksdyr &quot;. MERK: Protokollen for å utføre en lukket bryst ballong okklusjon er ikke en del av den aktuelle manuskript og er beskrevet i detalj et annet sted 5. Kort sagt, griser - er (60 70 kg) utsatt for 75 min transluminal ballong okklusjon av midtdelen av venstre fremre nedstigende arterie (LAD...

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Cardiac ombygging er i stor grad avhengig av hjerteinfarkt størrelsen og kvaliteten på hjerteinfarkt reparere 6,26. For å vurdere den tidligere på en standardisert måte, tilveiebringer foreliggende manuskriptet en elegant metode for in vivo tilførsel av Evans blått i kombinasjon med ex vivo TTC flekker, som har blitt validert og i stor utstrekning benyttet 8,16,27,28. Denne metoden gjør det mulig for kvantifisering av arealet i fare (AAR) og infarktstørrelsen i forhold ti...

Hjertesvikt med redusert ejeksjonsfraksjon (HFrEF) står for ca 50% av alle hjertesvikt tilfeller påvirker anslagsvis 1-2% av mennesker i den vestlige verden en. Den mest utbredte årsaken er akutt hjerteinfarkt (AMI). Som akutt dødelighet etter akutt hjerteinfarkt har falt betydelig på grunn av økt bevissthet og bedre behandlingstilbud, har fokus flyttet mot sin kroniske følgetilstander; den mest fremtredende vesen HFrEF 2,3. Sammen med økende helsekostnader 4, den økende epidemi av hjertesvikt understreker behovet for romanen diagnostikk og terapi, som kan studeres i et svært translasjonell svin modell av uønskede ombygging etter AMI som tidligere beskrevet fem. Begge, determinanter (f.eks infarktstørrelse) og funksjonelle vurderinger (f.eks ekkokardiografi) av uønskede ombygging blir ofte brukt for effektiv testing av nye terapeutiske midler, noe som indikerer behovet for reliable og forholdsvis rimelige metoder. Formålet med den gjeldende papir er å dekke dette behovet ved å innføre viktige og pålitelige effektmål for effektiv testing i en gris modell av akutt hjerteinfarkt. Disse inkluderer infarktstørrelse (IS) i forhold til området i fare (AAR), 3D transesophageal ekkokardiografi (3D-TEE) og detaljert adgang baserte trykk volum (PV) sløyfe oppkjøpet. Infarktstørrelse er den viktigste determinant av uønskede ombygging og overlevelse etter AMI 6. Selv om rettidig reperfusjon av iskemisk hjertemuskelen kan berge reversibelt skadde cardiomyocytes og begrense infarktstørrelse, reperfusjon seg selv forårsaker ytterligere skade ved generering av oksidativt stress og et uforholdsmessig betennelsesreaksjon (iskemi-reperfusjon skade (IRI)) 7. Derfor IRI er blitt identifisert som et lovende terapeutisk mål. Evnen av nye terapeutiske midler for å redusere infarktstørrelse er kvantifisert ved å bestemme infarktstørrelsen i relasjontil området i fare (AAR). AAR kvantifisering er obligatorisk å korrigere for inter-individuell variasjon i koronaranatomien dyremodeller, som en større AAR fører til en større absolutt infarktstørrelsen. Siden infarktstørrelsen er direkte relatert til hjerteytelse og myokardial kontraktilitet, kan variasjoner i AAR påvirke studere effektmål uavhengig av behandlingsmetoder 8. Tredimensjonal transesophageal ekkokardiografi (3D-TEE) er en trygg, pålitelig og viktigst, klinisk relevant billig metode for å måle hjertefunksjonen ikke-invasiv. Mens transtorakal ekkokardiografi (TTE) bilder er begrenset til 2D parasternal lange og korte aksen utsikt i griser 9, kan 3D-TEE brukes for å oppnå fullstendig tre-dimensjonale bilder av venstre ventrikkel. Derfor krever det ikke matematiske tilnærmelser av venstre ventrikkel (LV) volumer som den modifiserte Simpsons regel 10. Sistnevnte faller kort av korrectly estimering LV volumer etter LV remodeling på grunn av mangel av den sylindriske geometri 11. Videre er 3D-TEE å foretrekke fremfor epikardiell ekkokardiografi som det ikke krever kirurgisk inngrep, som har blitt observert å utøve kardioprotektive virkninger i den foreliggende modellen 12. Selv om bruken av 2D-TEE for vurdering av myokardfunksjon har blitt beskrevet før 13,14, begrensninger vedrørende ventrikkel geometrien er lik de observerte i 2D-TTE og avhenger av omfanget av LV ombygging. Derfor, jo større infarkt (og dermed høyere er sannsynligheten for hjertesvikt), jo mer sannsynlig 2D-målinger blir feil ved uriktige geometriske forutsetninger og jo høyere behovet for 3D-teknikker. Ikke desto mindre er de fleste avbildningsmodaliteter begrenset i sin evne til å vurdere iboende funksjonelle egenskapene til hjertemuskelen. PV loops gi slike relevant tilleggsinformasjon og anskaffelses er derforbeskrevet i detalj nedenfor.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="875">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">iE33 ultrasound device</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">X7-2t transducer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Aquasonic&#174; 100 ultrasound transmission gel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Parker Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">01-34</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Battery handle type C (laryngoscope handle)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ri-Standard Miller blade MIL 4 (laryngoscope blade)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Qlab 10.0 (3DQ Advanced) analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Pressure-volume loop acquisition</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Cardiac defibrillator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">0.9% saline</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9F Radifocus&#174; Introducer II Standard Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Terumo</td>
			<td>RS*A90K10SQ</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Fogarty catheter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Edward Life Sciences</td>
			<td>62080814F</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Criticath&#8482; SP5107H TD catheter (Swan-Ganz)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Becton Dickinson (BD)</td>
			<td>680078</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Ultraview SL Patient Monitor and Invasive Command Module (external cardiac output device)</td>
			<td>Spacelabs Healthcare</td>
			<td>91387</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ADVantage system&#8482;</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F tetra-polar admittance catheter (7.0 VSL Pigtail / no lumen)</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multi-channel acquisition system (Iworx 404)</td>
			<td>Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Labscribe V2.0 analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Infarct size / area-at-risk quantification</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Diathermy</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Lebsch knife</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Hammer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Bone marrow wax</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Syneture</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Klinkenberg scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Retractor</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Surgical scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td>CP-08703</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">7F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">H749 34357-662</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td>H749 34358-662&#160;</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">COPILOT Bleedback Control Valves&#160;</td>
			<td>Abbott Vascular</td>
			<td>1003331</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD Connecta&#8482;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Franklin Lakes</td>
			<td>394995</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Contrast agent</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Telebrix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Persuader 9 Steerable Guidewire 9 (0.014&#34;, 180 cm, straight tip), hydrophilic coating</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Medtronic Inc.</td>
			<td>9PSDR180HS</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:397px;">SAPPHIRE&#8482; Coronary Dilatation Catheter (PTCA balloon suitable for the size of the particular coronary artery (2.75 - 3.25 mm))</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">OrbusNeich</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">103-3015</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Evans Blue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E2129-100G</td>
			<td>Toxic. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8877-100G</td>
			<td>Irritant. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9V battery</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ruler</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Photocamera</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are therefore required to confine cardiac damage, promote survival and reduce the disease burden of heart failure. Large animal experiments are an essential part in the translational process from experimental to clinical therapies. To optimize clinical translation, robust and representative outcome measures are mandatory. The present manuscript aims to address this need by describing the assessment of three clinically relevant outcome modalities in a pig acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model: infarct size in relation to area at risk (IS/AAR) staining, 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops. Infarct size is the main determinant driving the transition from AMI to heart failure and can be quantified by IS/AAR staining. Echocardiography is a reliable and robust tool in the assessment of global and regional cardiac function in clinical cardiology. Here, a method for three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) in pigs is provided. Extensive insight into cardiac performance can be obtained by admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops, including intrinsic parameters of myocardial function that are pre- and afterload independent. Combined with a clinically feasible experimental study protocol, these outcome measures provide researchers with essential information to determine whether novel therapeutic strategies could yield promising targets for future testing in clinical studies.

<html> 3D transesophageal Ekkokardiografi 3D transesophageal ekkokardiografi (3D-TEE) kan brukes for vurdering av globale hjertefunksjon. Etter AMI, global hjertefunksjon er forskjellig fra friske utgangsverdier. Spesielt venstre ventrikkel ejeksjonsfraksjon (LVEF) reduseres fra 59 ± 4% til 37 ± 6% etter en uke med reperfusjon (n = 10) (GPJ van Hout, 2015). En økning i slutt-systoliske volum (51 ± 7 til 82 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

Pålitelig og nøyaktig utfallet vurdering er nøkkelen for oversettelse av prekliniske terapi i klinisk behandling. Den gjeldende dokumentet beskriver hvordan du vurdere tre klinisk relevante primære resultatparametre av hjertefunksjon og skade i en gris akutt hjerteinfarkt modell.

Primær Outcome Vurdering i en gris modell av akutt hjerteinfarkt

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

With heart failure leading the cause of death in the USA (Hunt), biomedical research is fundamental to advance medical treatments for cardiovascular ...

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

MR og PET i musemodeller av hjerteinfarkt

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. The similarity of the mouse heart to the human heart has made it an ...

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Hjerteinfarkt og funksjonelle resultatet Vurdering i Pigs

Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One ...

Myocardial Infarction in Neonatal Mice, A Model of Cardiac Regeneration

Hjerteinfarkt i Neonatal mus, en modell av Cardiac Regeneration

Myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation has been used in many animal models as a tool to study the mechanisms of cardiac repair and ...

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Sanntid press volum analyse av akutt hjerteinfarkt i mus

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Digital PCR for kvantifisering sirkulerer MicroRNAs i akutt hjerteinfarkt og hjerte-og karsykdommer

Circulating serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers for the cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), being released ...

Implantation of hiPSC-derived Cardiac-muscle Patches after Myocardial Injury in a Guinea Pig Model

Implantering av hiPSC-avledet Hjertemuskel oppdateringer etter hjerteinfarkt skade i en Guinea Gris modell

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss ...

A Cryoinjury Model to Study Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse

En Cryoinjury modell for å studere hjerteinfarkt i Mouse

The use of animal models is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndrome and its complications. In this article, we ...

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Intramyokarial transplantasjon av MSC-lasting injiserbare hydrogeler etter hjerteinfarkt i en Murine-modell

One of the major issues facing current cardiac stem cell therapies for preventing postinfarct heart failure is the low retention and survival rates of ...

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Bruk av perkutane ventrikulære hjelpeenheter i akutt hjerteinfarkt komplisert av kardiogent sjokk

Cardiogenic shock is defined as persistent hypotension, accompanied by evidence of end organ hypo-perfusion. Percutaneous ventricular assist devices ...