Name: primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction
Uploaded: 2016-10-14T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

The authors gratefully acknowledge Marlijn Jansen, Joyce Visser, Grace Croft, Martijn van Nieuwburg, Danny Elbersen and Evelyn Velema for their excellent technical support during the animal experiments.

Todos los experimentos con animales fueron aprobados por el Comité Ético de Experimentación Animal de la Universidad del Centro Médico de Utrecht (Utrecht, Holanda) y se ajustan a la &quot;Guía para el cuidado y uso de animales de laboratorio&quot;. NOTA: El protocolo para realizar una oclusión con balón a tórax cerrado no es parte del manuscrito actual y se describe en detalle en otra parte 5. En resumen, los cerdos (60 - 70 kg) se sometieron a 75 min de oclusión con bal...

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La remodelación cardiaca depende en gran medida de tamaño del infarto de miocardio y la calidad de infarto de miocardio reparar 6,26. Para evaluar la ex de una manera estandarizada, el presente manuscrito proporciona un método elegante de la infusión in vivo de azul de Evans en combinación con tinción TTC ex vivo, que ha sido validado y ampliamente utilizado 8,16,27,28. Este método permite la cuantificación de la zona de riesgo (AAR) y el tamaño del infarto en relación c...

La insuficiencia cardíaca con fracción de eyección reducida (ICFER) representa aproximadamente el 50% de todos los casos de insuficiencia cardiaca, que afecta a un estimado de 1 - 2% de las personas en el mundo occidental 1. Su causa más frecuente es el infarto agudo de miocardio (IAM). Como la mortalidad aguda del IAM ha disminuido considerablemente debido a una mayor conciencia y mejores opciones de tratamiento, el énfasis se ha desplazado hacia sus secuelas crónicas; el ser más prominente ICFER 2,3. Junto con el aumento de los costos del cuidado de la salud 4, la creciente epidemia de insuficiencia cardíaca hace hincapié en la necesidad de nuevos diagnósticos y terapias, que puede ser estudiado en un modelo porcino altamente traslación del remodelado adverso tras el IAM como se describió previamente 5. Ambos, determinantes (por ejemplo, el tamaño del infarto) y funcionales evaluaciones (por ejemplo, ecocardiografía) de remodelado adverso a menudo se utilizan para las pruebas de eficacia de nuevas terapias, lo que indica la necesidad de relmétodos iable y relativamente barato. El objetivo del presente trabajo es abordar esta necesidad mediante la introducción de importantes y fiables medidas de resultado de los ensayos de eficacia en un modelo porcino de infarto agudo de miocardio. Estos incluyen el tamaño del infarto (IS) en relación con el área en riesgo (AAR), la ecocardiografía transesofágica 3D (3D-ETE) y la adquisición de bucle detallada basada en la admisión de presión-volumen (PV). El tamaño del infarto es el principal determinante del remodelado adverso y la supervivencia después de un IAM 6. A pesar de la reperfusión de miocardio isquémico oportuna puede salvar cardiomiocitos de forma reversible heridos y limitar el tamaño del infarto, la reperfusión en sí causa un daño adicional a través de la generación de estrés oxidativo y una respuesta inflamatoria desproporcionada (lesión por isquemia-reperfusión (IRI)) 7. Por lo tanto, IRI ha sido identificado como un objetivo terapéutico prometedor. La capacidad de nuevas terapias para disminuir el tamaño del infarto se cuantifica mediante la evaluación del tamaño del infarto en relacióna la zona de riesgo (AAR). AAR cuantificación es obligatoria para corregir la variabilidad entre individuos en la anatomía coronaria de modelos animales, como AAR más grande conduce a un tamaño del infarto absoluta más grande. Desde el tamaño del infarto está directamente relacionada con el rendimiento cardíaco y la contractilidad del miocardio, las variaciones en AAR pueden influir estudiar medidas de resultado independientemente de las modalidades de tratamiento 8. Tridimensional ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE-3D) es un método barato seguro, fiable y, lo más importante, aplicable clínicamente para medir la función cardiaca no invasiva. Mientras que la ecocardiografía transtorácica (ETT), las imágenes se limitan a las vistas 2D largo paraesternal y de eje corto en cerdos 9, 3D-ETE puede ser utilizado para obtener imágenes en 3 dimensiones completas del ventrículo izquierdo. Por lo tanto, no requiere de aproximaciones matemáticas del ventrículo izquierdo (VI) volúmenes, tales como la regla 10 de Simpson modificado. Este último está a la altura de la corrrectamente la estimación de los volúmenes del VI después de remodelado del VI debido a la falta de geometría cilíndrica 11. Por otra parte, 3D-TEE es preferible sobre la ecocardiografía epicárdica, ya que no requiere intervenciones quirúrgicas, que se han observado para ejercer efectos cardioprotectores en el presente modelo 12. Aunque el uso de 2D-TEE para la evaluación de la función miocárdica se ha descrito antes 13,14, limitaciones en cuanto a la geometría ventricular son similares a los observados en 2D-TTE y dependen de la extensión de LV remodelación. Por lo tanto, cuanto mayor sea el infarto (y por lo tanto mayor es la probabilidad de la insuficiencia cardíaca), las mediciones 2D más probablemente se convierta en defectuoso por suposiciones incorrectas geométricas y mayor la necesidad de técnicas de 3D. No obstante, la mayoría de modalidades de imágenes están limitados en su capacidad para evaluar las propiedades funcionales intrínsecas del miocardio. PV bucles de proporcionar dicha información adicional pertinente y, por tanto, su adquisición esse describe en detalle a continuación.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="875">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td style="width:191px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">iE33 ultrasound device</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">X7-2t transducer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Aquasonic&#174; 100 ultrasound transmission gel</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Parker Laboratories Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">01-34</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Battery handle type C (laryngoscope handle)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12303</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ri-Standard Miller blade MIL 4 (laryngoscope blade)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Riester</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">12225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Qlab 10.0 (3DQ Advanced) analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Pressure-volume loop acquisition</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Cardiac defibrillator</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Philips</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">0.9% saline</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9F Radifocus&#174; Introducer II Standard Kit&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Terumo</td>
			<td>RS*A90K10SQ</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">8F Fogarty catheter</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Edward Life Sciences</td>
			<td>62080814F</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Criticath&#8482; SP5107H TD catheter (Swan-Ganz)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Becton Dickinson (BD)</td>
			<td>680078</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Ultraview SL Patient Monitor and Invasive Command Module (external cardiac output device)</td>
			<td>Spacelabs Healthcare</td>
			<td>91387</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ADVantage system&#8482;</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F tetra-polar admittance catheter (7.0 VSL Pigtail / no lumen)</td>
			<td>Transonic SciSense</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multi-channel acquisition system (Iworx 404)</td>
			<td>Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Labscribe V2.0 analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Iworx</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Infarct size / area-at-risk quantification</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Diathermy</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Lebsch knife</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Hammer</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Bone marrow wax</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Syneture</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Klinkenberg scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Retractor</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Surgical scissors</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">7F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td>CP-08703</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F Percutaneous Sheath Introducer Set&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Arrow</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">CP-08803</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">7F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">H749 34357-662</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">8F JL4 guiding catheter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Boston Scientific</td>
			<td>H749 34358-662&#160;</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">COPILOT Bleedback Control Valves&#160;</td>
			<td>Abbott Vascular</td>
			<td>1003331</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD Connecta&#8482;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Franklin Lakes</td>
			<td>394995</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Contrast agent</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Telebrix</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">Persuader 9 Steerable Guidewire 9 (0.014&#34;, 180 cm, straight tip), hydrophilic coating</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Medtronic Inc.</td>
			<td>9PSDR180HS</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:397px;">SAPPHIRE&#8482; Coronary Dilatation Catheter (PTCA balloon suitable for the size of the particular coronary artery (2.75 - 3.25 mm))</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">OrbusNeich</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">103-3015</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Evans Blue&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>E2129-100G</td>
			<td>Toxic. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC)</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8877-100G</td>
			<td>Irritant. Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">9V battery</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Ruler</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">-</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:397px;">Photocamera</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Sony</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:397px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">-</td>
			<td>Alternative product can be used</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

primary outcome assessment in a pig model of acute myocardial infarction

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are therefore required to confine cardiac damage, promote survival and reduce the disease burden of heart failure. Large animal experiments are an essential part in the translational process from experimental to clinical therapies. To optimize clinical translation, robust and representative outcome measures are mandatory. The present manuscript aims to address this need by describing the assessment of three clinically relevant outcome modalities in a pig acute myocardial infarction (AMI) model: infarct size in relation to area at risk (IS/AAR) staining, 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops. Infarct size is the main determinant driving the transition from AMI to heart failure and can be quantified by IS/AAR staining. Echocardiography is a reliable and robust tool in the assessment of global and regional cardiac function in clinical cardiology. Here, a method for three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) in pigs is provided. Extensive insight into cardiac performance can be obtained by admittance-based pressure-volume (PV) loops, including intrinsic parameters of myocardial function that are pre- and afterload independent. Combined with a clinically feasible experimental study protocol, these outcome measures provide researchers with essential information to determine whether novel therapeutic strategies could yield promising targets for future testing in clinical studies.

<html> 3D ecocardiografía transesofágica 3D ecocardiografía transesofágica (ETE-3D) se puede utilizar para la evaluación de la función cardíaca global. Después de un IAM, la función cardíaca global difiere de los valores basales sanos. En particular, la fracción de eyección ventricular izquierda (FEVI) disminuye de 59 ± 4% a 37 ± 6% después de una semana de reperfusión (n = 10) (GPJ van Hout, 20...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction at JoVE.com

Primary Outcome Assessment in a Pig Model of Acute Myocardial Infarction

la evaluación del resultado fiable y precisa es la clave para la traducción de las terapias preclínicos en el tratamiento clínico. El presente documento describe la forma de evaluar tres parámetros de resultado primaria clínicamente relevantes de la función cardiaca y daños en un modelo porcino de infarto de miocardio agudo.

La evaluación de resultado primaria en un modelo porcino de infarto agudo de miocardio

Mortality after acute myocardial infarction remains substantial and is associated with significant morbidity, like heart failure. Novel therapeutics are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats

Infarto agudo de miocardio en ratas

With heart failure leading the cause of death in the USA (Hunt), biomedical research is fundamental to advance medical treatments for cardiovascular ...

Investigación

Medicina

MRI and PET in Mouse Models of Myocardial Infarction

Resonancia magnética y PET en modelos de ratón de infarto de miocardio

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death in the Western world. The similarity of the mouse heart to the human heart has made it an ...

Myocardial Infarction and Functional Outcome Assessment in Pigs

Infarto de miocardio y la evaluación de resultados funcionales en los cerdos

Introduction of newly discovered cardiovascular therapeutics into first-in-man trials depends on a strictly regulated ethical and legal roadmap. One ...

Myocardial Infarction in Neonatal Mice, A Model of Cardiac Regeneration

El infarto de miocardio en ratones recién nacidos, un modelo de regeneración cardiaca

Myocardial infarction induced by coronary artery ligation has been used in many animal models as a tool to study the mechanisms of cardiac repair and ...

Real-time Pressure-volume Analysis of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Mice

Análisis en tiempo real de presión-volumen del infarto agudo de miocardio en ratones

Acute myocardial infarction can lead to acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock. The evaluation of hemodynamics is critical for the evaluation of any ...

Digital PCR for Quantifying Circulating MicroRNAs in Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardiovascular Disease

Digital PCR para cuantificar la circulación MicroRNAs en infarto agudo de miocardio y enfermedades cardiovasculares

Circulating serum microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown promise as biomarkers for the cardiovascular disease and acute myocardial infarction (AMI), being released ...

Implantation of hiPSC-derived Cardiac-muscle Patches after Myocardial Injury in a Guinea Pig Model

Implantación de parches hiPSC derivado de músculo cardiaco después de lesión del miocardio en un modelo del conejillo de Indias

Due to the limited regeneration capacity of the heart in adult mammals, myocardial infarction results in an irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes. This loss ...

A Cryoinjury Model to Study Myocardial Infarction in the Mouse

Un modelo de criolesiones para estudiar el infarto de miocardio en el ratón

The use of animal models is essential for developing new therapeutic strategies for acute coronary syndrome and its complications. In this article, we ...

Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Trasplante intramiocardio de hidrogeles inyectables msc-loading después de infarto de miocardio en un modelo murino

One of the major issues facing current cardiac stem cell therapies for preventing postinfarct heart failure is the low retention and survival rates of ...

Utilizing Percutaneous Ventricular Assist Devices in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

Utilización de dispositivos de asistencia ventricular percutánea en el infarto agudo de miocardio complicado por shock cardiogénico

Cardiogenic shock is defined as persistent hypotension, accompanied by evidence of end organ hypo-perfusion. Percutaneous ventricular assist devices ...