Name: whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices
Uploaded: 2016-06-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices at JoVE.com

Denne forskning blev støttet af UT sydvestlige startup midler (SK).

Alle forsøg blev udført i overensstemmelse med protokoller godkendt af UT Southwestern Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg, og blev valgt for at minimere stress, ubehag og smerte oplevet af forsøgsdyr. 1. Opløsninger Bemærk: Forbered mikropipette interne løsninger på forhånd. Til de fleste basale eksperimentelle formål, bør to slags løsninger tilstrækkeligt: ​​Cs + -baseret og K + -baserede løsninger. <ol><li> Brug Cs + -baserede løsninger (f....

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B., Messer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+composition+of+experimental+solutions+on+neuronal+survival+during+rat+brain+slicing.">Effect of composition of experimental solutions on neuronal survival during rat brain slicing.</a> Exp Neurol. 131 (1), 133-143 (1995).</li><li>Tanaka, Y., Tanaka, Y., Furuta, T., Yanagawa, Y., Kaneko, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+effects+of+cutting+solutions+on+the+viability+of+GABAergic+interneurons+in+cerebral+cortical+slices+of+adult+mice.">The effects of cutting solutions on the viability of GABAergic interneurons in cerebral cortical slices of adult mice.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 171 (1), 118-125 (2008).</li><li>Ye, J. H., Zhang, J., Xiao, C., Kong, J. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patch-clamp+studies+in+the+CNS+illustrate+a+simple+new+method+for+obtaining+viable+neurons+in+rat+brain+slices:+glycerol+replacement+of+NaCl+protects+CNS+neurons.">Patch-clamp studies in the CNS illustrate a simple new method for obtaining viable neurons in rat brain slices: glycerol replacement of NaCl protects CNS neurons.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 158 (2), 251-259 (2006).</li><li>Kourrich, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+interaction+between+sigma-1+receptor+and+Kv1.2+shapes+neuronal+and+behavioral+responses+to+cocaine.">Dynamic interaction between sigma-1 receptor and Kv1.2 shapes neuronal and behavioral responses to cocaine.</a> Cell. 152 (1-2), 236-247 (2013).</li><li>Kourrich, S., Klug, J. R., Mayford, M., Thomas, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=AMPAR-Independent+Effect+of+Striatal+aCaMKII+Promotes+the+Sensitization+of+Cocaine+Reward.">AMPAR-Independent Effect of Striatal aCaMKII Promotes the Sensitization of Cocaine Reward.</a> J Neurosci. , (2012).</li><li>Kourrich, S., Rothwell, P. E., Klug, J. R., Thomas, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cocaine+experience+controls+bidirectional+synaptic+plasticity+in+the+nucleus+accumbens.">Cocaine experience controls bidirectional synaptic plasticity in the nucleus accumbens.</a> J Neurosci. 27 (30), 7921-7928 (2007).</li><li>Kourrich, S., Thomas, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Similar+neurons,+opposite+adaptations:+psychostimulant+experience+differentially+alters+firing+properties+in+accumbens+core+versus+shell.">Similar neurons, opposite adaptations: psychostimulant experience differentially alters firing properties in accumbens core versus shell.</a> J Neurosci. 29 (39), 12275-12283 (2009).</li><li>Rothwell, P. E., Kourrich, S., Thomas, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Environmental+novelty+causes+stress-like+adaptations+at+nucleus+accumbens+synapses:+implications+for+studying+addiction-related+plasticity.">Environmental novelty causes stress-like adaptations at nucleus accumbens synapses: implications for studying addiction-related plasticity.</a> Neuropharmacology. 61 (7), 1152-1159 (2011).</li><li>Rothwell, P. E., Kourrich, S., Thomas, M. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Formation+of+accumbens+GluR2-lacking+AMPA+receptors+mediates+incubation+of+cocaine+craving.">Formation of accumbens GluR2-lacking AMPA receptors mediates incubation of cocaine craving.</a> Nature. 454 (7200), 118-121 (2008).</li><li>Kruskal, P. B., Jiang, Z., Gao, T., Lieber, C. 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Denne protokol beskriver den grundlæggende fremgangsmåde for udførelse af hel-celle patch-clamp-forsøg på neuroner i hjernen skiver. Men kompleksiteten, potentiale og følsomhed denne teknik kan ikke fuldt ud beskrevet i denne artikel. Her har vi forsøgt at afgrænse de mest grundlæggende trin og understrege vigtige parametre, der skal kontrolleres for at opnå en vellykket og strenge hel-celle optagelser. For yderligere teoretisk læring, har mange bøger og artikler er udgivet på både hel-celle patch-clamp op...

Plasteret-clamp teknik, en elektrofysiologisk teknik, der er udviklet i slutningen af 1970&#39;erne 1,2, er det vigtigste redskab til at studere en enkelt eller flere ion-kanal funktioner i levende væv. Blandt de forskellige patch-konfigurationer, der kan opnås, helcelle-patch-clamp optagelser tillader studiet af den elektriske opførsel af en væsentlig del af neuron. Klassisk er denne teknik udføres in vitro enten på hjerneskiver, frisk dissocierede neuroner, eller på cellekulturmodeller 3. Når den udføres på neuroner i hjernen skiver, denne teknik giver adskillige fordele. Navnlig: (i) neuroner registreres i relativt konserverede hjernens kredsløb, der til en vis grad, og sammenlignet med cellekultur præparater, tilvejebringe et miljø, der er fysiologisk relevant 3. Dette gør det muligt at fange tidligt, eller endda overvågning i realtid, cellulære og molekylære begivenheder, der udløses af enhver form for akut pharmacologiCal manipulationer - en tidsmæssig opløsning, som ikke kan opnås ved hjælp af klassisk in vivo betingelser; (ii) evne til visuelt at identificere områder af hjernen i hjernen skiver tillader høj regional specificitet 3 både for hjernen regionen undersøgt og for specifikke neuroner, når de udtrykker fluorescerende markører; (iii) adgang til det intracellulære rum af cellen ved at åbne en betydelig del af plasmamembranen (i modsætning til at punktere membranen med en skarp mikropipette for intracellulære optagelser) 4. Til gengæld dette tillader indholdet eller koncentrationen af ​​specifikke ioner der udgør indre opløsning, der skal modificeres, således molekylære mål eller cellulære mekanismer kan studeres under forskellige betingelser. For eksempel, når oprettelse hel-celle konfiguration, nogen specifik farmakologisk middel (f.eks antagonister), at man kan tilføje til optagelsen mikropipetten (patch pipette) løsning vil direkte diffundere ind i cytoplasmaet og handle på dens putative intracellulære mål uden at ændre målet funktion i naboceller. Derudover sammenlignet med skarpe mikropipette optagelse, den store åbning i spidsen af patch-clamp-elektrode giver lavere modstand, mindre konkurrerende støj, og således bedre elektrisk adgang til indersiden af cellen 4. Bemærk dog, at den store åbning i pipettespidsen kan føre til celle dialyse, og dermed tab af intracellulære molekylære maskiner, der kan være kritisk for ekspression af de biologiske fænomener, der er under undersøgelse 5,6. I dette tilfælde kan skarpe elektrodeelementer optagelser være mere passende. Denne type optagelser kræver mikropipetter med en pore, der er meget mindre end dem, der anvendes til hel-celle-optagelser og derved forhindre det meste af ionbytning mellem intracellulære rum og det indre pipette opløsningen. Enhver form for erfaring (akut eller kronisk), herunder indlæring 7-10, eksponering for misbrugsstoffer 11,12, stress 13,14, etc., kan ændre forskellige aspekter af neuronal funktion i specifikke hjerneregioner. Fordi disse ændringer kræver ofte tid til at udvikle (timer til dage), hel-celle optagelser i hjernen skiver fra dyr, der har undergået en specifik erfaring tillader forskerne at identificere disse ændringer. Dybest set, mange (hvis ikke alle) komponenter, der deltager i neuronale funktioner (f.eks ligandaktiverede ionkanaler, spændingsstyrede ionkanaler, neurotransmittertransportere) og derved hjerne kredsløb Aktivitet og adfærd, kan ændres ved erfaring (erfaring-afhængige plasticitet) 10,15-17. På den neuronale niveau, hjerne kredsløb aktivitet fremgår konstante interaktioner mellem synaptisk (f.eks glutamat transmission) og iboende cellulære excitabilitet faktorer (f.eks axosomato-dendritiske ionkanaler: natrium, Na +, kalium, K +, og calcium, Ca 2+ ). Under særlige betingelser ved hjælp af engroe-celle patch-clamp elektrofysiologiske teknikker, kan signal ændringer oprindelse specifikt fra ændringer i synaptisk vs. iboende uro isoleres. I de fleste tilfælde er synaptiske ophidselse vurderet ved hjælp af helcelle-spænding-clamp-teknikken. Denne registrering tilstanden tillader måling af ionstrømme [f.eks medieret af α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolpropionsyre receptorer ( AMPA-receptorer) og N-methyl-D-asparaginsyre-receptorer (NMDA-receptorer)] gennem den neuronale plasmamembranen Hold membranpotentialet ved en indstillet spænding. Her eksperimentatorer anvende interne mikropipette opløsninger, der indeholder cæsium (Cs +), en bred blocker af K + kanaler (vigtige iboende excitabilitet faktorer). Ved etablering af helcelle-konfiguration, vil diffusionen af Cs + i intracellulære rum blokere K + -kanaler, og derved vil give både en relativt effektiv rum-klemme og prælufte indflydelse iboende excitabilitet faktorer på andre målinger. Space-clamp spørgsmål, dvs. vanskeligheden til spænding-clamp hele cellen, opstår ved optagelse uregelmæssig formede celler (f.eks neuroner) og især neuroner med et stort og komplekst dendritiske arbor 18,19. Fordi somatiske spænding clamp dårligt kontrol spænding i den dendritiske træ af neuroner, er forskellige aspekter af dendritiske elektriske signaler undersøgte forvrænget i en dendritiske distance-afhængig måde. Kombineret med farmakologiske værktøjer såsom picrotoxin (gamma-aminosmørsyre, GABAA-receptor antagonist) eller kynurensyre (bred blokker af glutamatreceptorer) opløst i den ekstracellulære opløsning (kunstig cerebrospinalvæske, ACSF), denne teknik tillader måling af glutamat receptor- og GABA A R-medierede strømme hhv. I modsætning hertil er iboende ophidselse normalt vurderes løbende clamp optagelse.I modsætning til spænding-clamp optagelse, denne indspilning tilstanden tillader måling af variationer i membranpotentialer induceret af ion strømme, der løber gennem den neuronale plasmamembranen. Typisk ændring i indre ophidselse vurderes gennem ændringer i evnen til neuroner til at generere aktionspotentialer, som kræver både Na + og K + kanaler. Derfor ved udførelse strøm-clamp optagelser, er mikropipetter fyldt med en indre opløsning, der indeholder K + i stedet for Cs +. Kombineret med farmakologiske midler, der blokerer glutamat og GABA-receptor-medierede strømme opløst i ACSF, denne eksperimentelle design gør målingen af bidraget fra iboende faktorer (f.eks K + kanaler) til neuronal fyring uden at blive forurenet af mulige ændringer i synaptisk uro faktorer. Denne artikel vil beskrive de grundlæggende nødvendige proceduremæssige skridt to (i) forberede sunde hjernen skiver; (Ii) opnå hel-celle-konfiguration, og (iii) at overvåge grundlæggende parametre til at vurdere synaptisk og iboende ophidselse.

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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Isolated pulse stimulus generator</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">A.M.P.I</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Master-8</td>
			<td style="width:155px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isolation unit (ISO-Flex)</td>
			<td>A.M.P.I</td>
			<td>ISO-Flex</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Computer controlled Amplifier&#160;</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>Multiclamp 700B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Digital Acquisition system</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>Digidata 1500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>BX-51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Sutter Instruments</td>
			<td>MPC-200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chamber and in-line Heater</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>TC-344B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vibratome Slicer</td>
			<td>Leica&#160;</td>
			<td>VT1000 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micropipette Puller</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>PC-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Imaging Camera</td>
			<td>Q Imaging</td>
			<td>QIClick-F-M-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Narishige pipette puller PC-10</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>PC-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass capillaries</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>TW150F-3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slice hold-down (harp)</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>64-0255</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slice Chamber</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>RC-26</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nonmetallic syringe needle</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>MF28G67-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe filters</td>
			<td>Nalgene</td>
			<td>176-0045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glue Gun</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">various</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gas dispersion tube</td>
			<td>Ace Glass Inc.</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Decapitation scissors</td>
			<td>Home Depot</td>
			<td>100649198</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel Handle #3</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>500236</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Small straight sharp tips scissors</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>14218</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vessel canulation forceps&#160;</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>500453</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Curved hemostatic forceps</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>501288</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Economy Tweezers #3</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>501976-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Spatula</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14357Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scooping spatula</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-357Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Petri dish</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-747B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Filter paper</td>
			<td>Lab Depot</td>
			<td>CFP1-110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Solutions</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;"></td>
			<td style="width:183px;"></td>
			<td style="width:139px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="3" height="21" style="height:21px;">Cs-Gluconate internal solution (pH 7.2&#8211;7.3, 280&#8211;290 mOsm)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-gluconic acid 50%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>G1951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cesium-OH (CsOH) 50%&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl, 2.8 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>S7653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES, 20 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EGTA, 0.4 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>E4378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tetraethylammonium-Cl, 5 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>T2265</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Na2GTP, 0.3 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>G8877</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgATP, 2 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="3" height="21" style="height:21px;">K-Gluconate internal solution (pH 7.2&#8211;7.3, 280&#8211;290 mOsm)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">K D-gluconate, 120 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>G4500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl, 20 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES, 10 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>H3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">EGTA, 0.2 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>E4378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Na2GTP, 0.3 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>G8877</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgATP, 2 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="3" height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF, osmolarity &#8776; 300-310 mOsm)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl, 2.5 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaCl, 119 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>S7653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaH2PO4-H20, 1 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>S9638</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaHCO3, 26.2 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>S8875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glucose, 11 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>G8270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgSO4-7H2O, 1.3 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>230391</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CaCl2-2H20, 2.5 mM</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td>C3881</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:215px;">Name of Material/ Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">Additional compounds used for solutions preparation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KOH</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Kynurenic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich/various</td>
			<td style="width:139px;">K3375</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

whole-cell patch-clamp recordings in brain slices

Helcelle-patch-clamp optagelse er en elektrofysiologisk teknik, der tillader undersøgelse af de elektriske egenskaber af en væsentlig del af neuron. I denne konfiguration mikropipetten er i tæt kontakt med cellemembranen, hvilket forhindrer lækstrøm og derved giver mere nøjagtige ioniske strømmålinger end den tidligere anvendte intracellulære skarpe elektrode registreringsmetode. Klassisk, kan hel-celle-optagelse udføres på neuroner i forskellige typer af præparater, herunder cellekultur modeller, dissocierede neuroner, neuroner i hjernen skiver, og i intakte bedøvet eller vågne dyr. Sammenfattende har denne teknik uhyre bidraget til forståelsen af ​​passive og aktive biofysiske egenskaber af exciterbare celler. En stor fordel ved denne teknik er, at den giver information om, hvordan specifikke manipulationer (f.eks farmakologisk, eksperimentator-induceret plasticitet) kan ændre specifikke neuronale funktioner eller channels i realtid. Derudover betydelig åbning af plasmamembranen tillader det indre pipette opløsningen til frit diffundere ind i cytoplasmaet, hvilket giver midler til at indføre lægemidler, fx agonister eller antagonister af specifikke intracellulære proteiner, og manipulere disse mål uden at ændre deres funktioner i naboceller. Denne artikel vil fokusere på helcelle-optagelse udført på neuroner i hjernen skiver, et præparat, der har den fordel, at optage neuroner i relativt velbevarede hjernens kredsløb, dvs., i en fysiologisk relevant kontekst. Især når det kombineres med passende farmakologi, denne teknik er et stærkt værktøj til identifikation af specifikke neuroadaptations, der fandt sted efter enhver form for erfaringer, som læring, eksponering for misbrugsstoffer, og stress. Sammenfattende hel-celle patch-clamp optagelser i hjernen skiver giver midler til at måle i ex vivo forberedelse varige ændringeri neuronale funktioner, der har udviklet sig i intakte vågne dyr.

Temperatur, en faktor, der er let kontrolleres af forsøgslederen, påvirker de biofysiske egenskaber af ionkanaler og receptorer, og derved bølgeform af postsynaptiske strømme (PSC) (EPSC og IPSCs) og evnen af neuroner til at fremkalde pigge. Figur 3 og figur 4 viser effekten af temperatur på neuronal fyring og hældningen af fremkaldte EPSCs (eEPSCs) hhv. Brændingen mønster (figur 3) (dvs. latens til 1. spike, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices at JoVE.com

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

Denne protokol beskriver de grundlæggende proceduremæssige skridt til at udføre hel-celle patch-clamp optagelser. Denne teknik tillader studiet af den elektriske opførsel af neuroner, og når udført i hjernen skiver, tillader vurdering af forskellige neuronale funktioner fra neuroner, der stadig er integreret i relativt velbevarede hjernens kredsløb.

Whole-celle Patch-clamp Optagelser i Brain Skiver

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Patch Clamp Recordings in Inner Ear Hair Cells Isolated from Zebrafish

Patch clamp optagelser i indre øre-hårceller isoleret fra zebrafisk

Patch  clamp analyses of the voltage-gated channels in sensory hair cells isolated  from a variety of species have been described previously1-4 but this  ...

Whole Cell Patch Clamp for Investigating the Mechanisms of Infrared Neural Stimulation

Hele Cell Patch Clamp for Undersøgelse af mekanismerne i Infrarød Neural Stimulation

It has been  demonstrated in recent years that pulsed, infrared laser light can be used to  elicit electrical responses in neural tissue, independent of ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

Patchclamp Optagelser fra embryonale zebrafisk Mauthner Cells

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

A Computer-assisted Multi-electrode Patch-clamp System

En computer-assisteret Multi-elektrode Patch-clamp System

The patch-clamp technique is today the most  well-established method for recording electrical activity from individual  neurons or their subcellular ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings from Morphologically- and Neurochemically-identified Hippocampal Interneurons

Helcelle-patch-clamp Optagelser fra Morphologically- og Neurochemically identificerede Hippocampale interneuroner

GABAergic inhibitory interneurons play a central role within neuronal circuits of the brain. Interneurons comprise a small subset of the neuronal ...

Paired Whole Cell Recordings in Organotypic Hippocampal Slices

Forbundne Helcelle optagelser i Organotypiske hippocampusskiver

Pair recordings involve simultaneous whole cell patch clamp recordings from two synaptically connected neurons, enabling not only direct ...

Electrophysiological and Morphological Characterization of Neuronal Microcircuits in Acute Brain Slices Using Paired Patch-Clamp Recordings

Elektrofysiologiske og morfologiske karakterisering af neuronal Mikrokredsløb i akut Brain Skiver Brug parrede Patch-clamp optagelser

The combination of patch clamp recordings from two (or more) synaptically coupled neurons (paired recordings) in acute brain slice preparations with ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings for Electrophysiological Determination of Ion Selectivity in Channelrhodopsins

Whole-cell Patch-clamp optagelser til elektrofysiologisk bestemmelse af ion selektivitet i Channelrhodopsins

Over the past decade, channelrhodopsins became indispensable in neuroscientific research where they are used as tools to non-invasively manipulate ...

Application of Automated Image-guided Patch Clamp for the Study of Neurons in Brain Slices

Anvendelse af automatiseret billedstyret patchklemme til undersøgelse af neuroner i hjerneskiver

Whole-cell patch clamp is the gold-standard method to measure the electrical properties of single cells. However, the in vitro patch clamp remains a ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Præparater og protokoller for hele cellen Patch klemme optagelsen af Xenopus laevis Tectal neuroner

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...