Name: modeling myotonic dystrophy 1 in c2c12 myoblast cells
Uploaded: 2016-07-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells at JoVE.com

We thank Drs. Tom Cooper from the Baylor College of Medicine, Mani S. Mahadevan from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and Didier Trono from the University of Geneva for reagents. This work is supported by a University of Houston startup fund (YL), American Heart Association grant (YL, 11SDG5260033), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (XP, 81460047).

1. C2C12 Hücre Kültürü <ol><li> büyüme ortamında 100 mm plaka C2C12 fare miyoblastlar muhafaza (Dulbecco değiştirilmiş Eagle ortamı (DMEM)),% 20 fetal sığır serumu ile takviye edilmiş, 100 U / ml penisilin, 100 ug / ml streptomisin, ve 2 mM L-glutamin. % 60 konfluent - C2C12 pasajlı hücreler yaklaşık 50 olmak izin verin. </li><li> büyüme ortamı atılır ve 3 mi oda sıcaklığında fosfat tamponlu serum fizyolojik (PBS) ile C2C12 hücreleri yıkayın. PBS çıkarın ve hücreleri ayırmak için 5...

<ol>
	<li>Harper, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Myotonic dystrophy. 3rd edn. , (2001).</li><li>Timchenko, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+mechanisms+of+muscle+atrophy+in+myotonic+dystrophies.">Molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy in myotonic dystrophies.</a> Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 45 (10), 2280-2287 (2013).</li><li>Brook, J. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+basis+of+myotonic+dystrophy:+expansion+of+a+trinucleotide+(CTG)+repeat+at+the+3'+end+of+a+transcript+encoding+a+protein+kinase+family+member.">Molecular basis of myotonic dystrophy: expansion of a trinucleotide (CTG) repeat at the 3' end of a transcript encoding a protein kinase family member.</a> Cell. 68 (4), 799-808 (1992).</li><li>Chau, A., Kalsotra, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Developmental+insights+into+the+pathology+of+and+therapeutic+strategies+for+DM1:+Back+to+the+basics.">Developmental insights into the pathology of and therapeutic strategies for DM1: Back to the basics.</a> Dev Dyn. 244 (3), 377-390 (2015).</li><li>Ho, T. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Muscleblind+proteins+regulate+alternative+splicing.">Muscleblind proteins regulate alternative splicing.</a> EMBO J. 23 (15), 3103-3112 (2004).</li><li>Kuyumcu-Martinez, N. M., Wang, G. S., Cooper, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+steady-state+levels+of+CUGBP1+in+myotonic+dystrophy+1+are+due+to+PKC-mediated+hyperphosphorylation.">Increased steady-state levels of CUGBP1 in myotonic dystrophy 1 are due to PKC-mediated hyperphosphorylation.</a> Mol Cell. 28 (1), 68-78 (2007).</li><li>Kalsotra, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Mef2+transcription+network+is+disrupted+in+myotonic+dystrophy+heart+tissue,+dramatically+altering+miRNA+and+mRNA+expression.">The Mef2 transcription network is disrupted in myotonic dystrophy heart tissue, dramatically altering miRNA and mRNA expression.</a> Cell Rep. 6 (2), 336-345 (2014).</li><li>Yaffe, D., Saxel, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+passaging+and+differentiation+of+myogenic+cells+isolated+from+dystrophic+mouse+muscle.">Serial passaging and differentiation of myogenic cells isolated from dystrophic mouse muscle.</a> Nature. 270 (5639), 725-727 (1977).</li><li>Blau, H. M., Chiu, C. P., Webster, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytoplasmic+activation+of+human+nuclear+genes+in+stable+heterocaryons.">Cytoplasmic activation of human nuclear genes in stable heterocaryons.</a> Cell. 32 (4), 1171-1180 (1983).</li><li>Peng, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Celf1+regulates+cell+cycle+and+is+partially+responsible+for+defective+myoblast+differentiation+in+myotonic+dystrophy+RNA+toxicity.">Celf1 regulates cell cycle and is partially responsible for defective myoblast differentiation in myotonic dystrophy RNA toxicity.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1852 (7), 1490-1497 (2015).</li><li>Amack, J. D., Mahadevan, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+myotonic+dystrophy+expanded+CUG+repeat+tract+is+necessary+but+not+sufficient+to+disrupt+C2C12+myoblast+differentiation.">The myotonic dystrophy expanded CUG repeat tract is necessary but not sufficient to disrupt C2C12 myoblast differentiation.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 10 (18), 1879-1887 (2001).</li><li>Amack, J. D., Paguio, A. P., Mahadevan, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cis+and+trans+effects+of+the+myotonic+dystrophy+(DM)+mutation+in+a+cell+culture+model.">Cis and trans effects of the myotonic dystrophy (DM) mutation in a cell culture model.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 8 (11), 1975-1984 (1999).</li><li>Bhagavati, S., Shafiq, S. A., Xu, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=(CTG)n+repeats+markedly+inhibit+differentiation+of+the+C2C12+myoblast+cell+line:+implications+for+congenital+myotonic+dystrophy.">(CTG)n repeats markedly inhibit differentiation of the C2C12 myoblast cell line: implications for congenital myotonic dystrophy.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1453 (2), 221-229 (1999).</li><li>Amack, J. D., Mahadevan, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Myogenic+defects+in+myotonic+dystrophy.">Myogenic defects in myotonic dystrophy.</a> Dev Biol. 265 (2), 294-301 (2004).</li><li>Emerson, C. P., Sweeney, H. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Methods in muscle biology. 52, (1997).</li><li>Ward, A. J., Rimer, M., Killian, J. M., Dowling, J. J., Cooper, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=CUGBP1+overexpression+in+mouse+skeletal+muscle+reproduces+features+of+myotonic+dystrophy+type+1.">CUGBP1 overexpression in mouse skeletal muscle reproduces features of myotonic dystrophy type 1.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 19 (18), 3614-3622 (2010).</li><li>Koshelev, M., Sarma, S., Price, R. E., Wehrens, X. H. T., Cooper, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart-specific+overexpression+of+CUGBP1+reproduces+functional+and+molecular+abnormalities+of+myotonic+dystrophy+type+1.">Heart-specific overexpression of CUGBP1 reproduces functional and molecular abnormalities of myotonic dystrophy type 1.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 19 (6), 1066-1075 (2010).</li></ol>

C2C12 hücre hattı Miyogenesis 11-14 incelemek için bir model olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu hücreler, bir fibroblast-benzeri bir görünüm korumak,% 20 fetal inek serumu ihtiva eden ortamda hızla çoğalan ve hali hazırda% 2 at serumu 15 ihtiva eden ortam içinde farklılık gösterir. Hızlı büyüme ve farklılaşma bir Miyogenesis hücre modelinde avantajlı özellikleridir. Burada, C2C12 hücrelerine cDNA, 3&#39;-UTR ve shRNA tanıtmak plazmid retroviral ve lentiviral vektörleri kullan?...

Miyotonik distrofi (DM) birden fazla sistemi, en önemlisi kalp ve iskelet kasları 1 etkileyen otozomal dominant bir hastalıktır. Bu hastalıkta, DM1 ve DM2 iki alt tipi vardır. DM1 daha sık görülür ve DM2 2 daha ciddi bir tezahürü vardır. DM1 yatan genetik mutasyon 3 &#39;çevrilmemiş bölge DM protein kinaz geni (DMPK) 3 (UTR) bulunan KKG üçüz tekrarlarının bir açılımıdır. Etkilenmemiş kişilerde KKG tekrar sayısı aksine 37&#39;ye 5 ila, daha fazla 50 artar ve bazen DM1 hastalarının 4&#39;te binlerce değişir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak, bu gibi RNA bağlayıcı proteinler,-kas benzeri 1 (MBNL1) CUGBP ve Elav benzeri Aile 1 (Celf1), düzeni bozulmuş bulunmaktadır. Nedeniyle genişletilmiş KKG tekrarlarda haciz, MBNL1 alternatif yapıştırma 5 düzenleyen yeteneğini kaybeder. Celf1, diğer taraftan, 6,7 yukarı düzenlenir. Celf1 aşırı ekspresyonu kas kaybı ile ilişkilidirMBNL1 fonksiyon kaybına atfedilen değildir ve halsizlik. DMPK 3&#39;-UTR KKG genişleme, MBNL1 kaybı ve Celf1 aşırı ifadesi de dahil olmak üzere DM1 ile ilgili değişiklikleri, simüle Hayvan modelleri, kurulmuştur. Ancak, miyoblastların içinde DM1 modelleme özellikle DM1 ile ilgili hücresel ve moleküler olayları diseksiyon için, etkili bir alternatif sunuyor. C2C12 myoblast hücre hattı ilk yaralı C3H fare kas izole ve yaygın Miyojenik farklılaşma 8,9 incelemek için kullanılmıştır. C2C12 hücreleri hızla cenin sığır serumu (FBS) ortam ihtiva-eden prolifere ve kolayca FBS boşaldığında farklılaşma tabi tutulur. Oysa, bu myoblast farklılaşma modeli kullanılarak iki zorluğu beraberinde getirir: C2C12 hücreleri sıklıkla gen transfeksiyonu / viral transdüksiyon dirençlidir; ve hücre işleme ve farklılaşma prosedüründe küçük farklılıklar mihotüp oluşumunda belirgin değişikliklere yol açabilir. Bizim laboratuvar rutin ac olarak C2C12 miyoblastları kullanırell modeli ve etkili bir C2C12 hücre hattına 10 plazmid transfeksiyon, retroviral kalıt ve lentiviral transdüksiyonu ile genleri teslim protokolleri geliştirilmiştir. videoda, / transfekte C2C12 hücrelerini transduse ve DM1 myoblast modelleri kurulmasında farklılaşma tutarlılığını sağlamak için optimize prosedürleri göstermektedir.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="804">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">DMEM, high glucose</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">11965-084</td>
			<td style="width:325px;">for culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Fetal Bovine Serum - Premium</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">S11150</td>
			<td>for culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin-Glutamine (100X)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">10378-016</td>
			<td>for culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Insulin from bovine pancreas</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">I6634-100MG</td>
			<td>for differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">equine serum</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">S12150</td>
			<td>for differentiation medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">FuGENE&#160;HD&#160;Transfection Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Promega</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">E2311&#160;</td>
			<td>for transfection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">G418 sulfate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Gold Biotechnology&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">G-418-10</td>
			<td>for drug resistant selection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Puromycin dihydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">sc-108071</td>
			<td>for drug resistant selection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">NuPAGE Novex 4-12% Bis-Tris Protein Gels, 1.0 mm, 15 well</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0323BOX</td>
			<td>for western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">NuPAGE Transfer Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP00061</td>
			<td>for western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">NuPAGE MES SDS Running Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0002</td>
			<td>for western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Amersham Protran Supported 0.2 NC, 300mmx4m</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">GE healthcare life science</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">10600015</td>
			<td>for western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">MF 20</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Developmental Hybridoma Bank</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">MF 20</td>
			<td>primary Ab for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Goat anti-Mouse IgG (H+L) Secondary Antibody, Texas Red-X conjugate</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">T-862</td>
			<td>secondary Ab for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">One step qRT-PCR MasterMix</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">AnaSpec</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">05-QPRT-032X</td>
			<td>for qRT-PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TriPure Isolation Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Roche</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">11667165001</td>
			<td>for RNA isolation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">CUG-BP1 Antibody (3B1)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">santa cruz</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">sc-20003</td>
			<td>primary Ab western blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Actin Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">santa cruz</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">sc-1615</td>
			<td>goat polyclonal IgG for loading control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">293T Ecopack</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Clontech</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">631507</td>
			<td>cells for retrovirus preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">pMSCV-puro</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Clontech</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">634401</td>
			<td>empty retroviral vector for retrovirus preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">pMSCV-Celf1Flag-puro</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">house-constructed</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">not available</td>
			<td>retroviral vector encoding Celf1Flag, used in retrovirus preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">psPAX2</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">gift from Didier Trono</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">not available</td>
			<td>for lentivirus preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">pMD2.G</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">gift from Didier Trono</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">not available</td>
			<td>for lentivirus preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">GFP-CUG5</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">gift from M.S. Mahadevan</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">not available</td>
			<td>details in reference 10&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">GFP- CUG200</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">gift from M.S. Mahadevan</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">not available</td>
			<td>details in reference 10&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Triton&#160;X-100</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">X100</td>
			<td>for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">P6148</td>
			<td>for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">TWEEN&#160;20</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">P9416</td>
			<td>for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">D9542</td>
			<td>for immunostaining</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

modeling myotonic dystrophy 1 in c2c12 myoblast cells

Miyotonik distrofi 1 (DM1) müsküler distrofi yaygın bir şeklidir. çeşitli hayvan modelleri DM1 için kurulmuş olmasına rağmen onlar hücresel ve moleküler olayları incelemek için etkili bir hücresel alternatif sunmak, çünkü myoblast hücre modelleri hala önemlidir. C2C12 miyoblast hücreleri yaygın gene ya da viral transdüksiyon ile Miyogenesis direnç incelemek için kullanılmıştır olmasına rağmen, C2C12 hücre araştırma engellemektedir. Burada, C2C12 iskelet hücreleri ve miyosit farklılaşmanın başlaması içine genleri tanıtmak için günlük bakım, transfeksiyon ve transdüksiyon prosedürleri içerir optimize edilmiş bir protokol açıklar. Toplu olarak, bu işlemler iyi transfeksiyon / transdüksiyon verimliliği, hem de uyumlu farklılaşma sonuçlarını verir. miyotonik distrofi çalışma, hem de diğer kas hastalıkları yararlanacak DM1 miyoblast hücre modellerinin oluşturulması açıklanan protokol.

C2C12 hücreleri GFP CUG5 veya GFP-CUG200 ile transfekte edilmiştir. Ilaç direnci seçimi yapıldıktan sonra, sabit havuzları GFP (Şekil 1A) ile görünür edilebilir, kurulmuştur. Farklılaşmış miyoblastların içinde mihotüp formasyonu 10 (Şekil 1B) immün ağır zinciri miyozin tarafından tespit edildi. Mihotüp oluşumu ölçümü füzyon endeksleri 2.6 ± 1.1% 35,4 ± 4,1 den% azalmış ve mihotüp alanları GFP-CUG200 <strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells at JoVE.com

Modeling Myotonic Dystrophy 1 in C2C12 Myoblast Cells

Bu protokol, biz optimize C2C12 hücre bakım, gen transfeksiyon / transdüksiyon ve miyosit farklılaşma dahil miyotonik distrofi 1 myoblast modelleri, kurulması prosedürleri sunuyoruz.

C2C12 Miyoblast Hücrelerde Myotonik Distrofi 1 Modelleme

Myotonic dystrophy 1 (DM1) is a common form of muscular dystrophy. Although several animal models have been established for DM1, myoblast cell models are ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Modeling Stroke in Mice - Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion with the Filament Model

Fare Modelleme İnme - Filament Model Orta Serebral Arter Tıkanıklığı

Stroke is among the most frequent causes of death and adult disability, especially in highly developed countries. However, treatment options to date are ...

Modeling Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Mice: Injection of Autologous Blood or Bacterial Collagenase

Farelerde Modelleme İntraserebral Kanama: Otolog Kan veya bakteriyel kollajenaz Enjeksiyon

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) defines a potentially life-threatening neurological malady that accounts for 10-15% of all stroke-related ...

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Farelerde spontan metastatik renal hücreli karsinom (MRCC) modelleme ardından nefrektomi

One of the key challenges to improved testing of new experimental therapeutics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the development of models that faithfully ...

Modeling Stroke in Mice: Permanent Coagulation of the Distal Middle Cerebral Artery

Farelerde Modelleme İnme: Distal Orta Serebral Arter Daimi Pıhtılaşma

Stroke is the third most common cause of death and a main cause of acquired adult disability in developed countries. Only very limited therapeutical ...

Generation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Muscular Dystrophy Patients: Efficient Integration-free Reprogramming of Urine Derived Cells

Musküler Distrofi Hastalarda gelen uyarılmış pluripotent kök hücrelerin oluşturulması: İdrar Türetilmiş Hücre Verimli Entegrasyonu-ücretsiz yeniden programlanması

Dystrophic cardiomyopathy is a poorly understood consequence of muscular dystrophy. Generating induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) from patients with ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Pankreas Kanseri Yeni Tedavi Stratejileri Geliştirme Hücre Özellikleri Kök incelenmesi

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro

Modeling Chemotherapy Resistant Leukemia In Vitro

Modelleme Kemoterapi Dayanıklı Lösemi<em&gt; İn Vitro</em

It is well established that the bone marrow microenvironment provides a unique site of sanctuary for hematopoietic diseases that both initiate and ...

Multi-exon Skipping Using Cocktail Antisense Oligonucleotides in the Canine X-linked Muscular Dystrophy

Köpek X-bağlantılı Musküler Distrofi Kokteyl Antisens oligonükleotidleri kullanılarak atlanıyor Çok ekson

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is one of the most common lethal genetic diseases worldwide, caused by mutations in the dystrophin (DMD) gene. Exon ...

Depletion of Mouse Cells from Human Tumor Xenografts Significantly Improves Downstream Analysis of Target Cells

İnsan Tümör ksenogratflarının gelen Fare Hücrelerinin tükenmesi Anlamlı Hedef Hücre Alt Analizi geliştirir

The use of in vitro cell line models for cancer research has been a useful tool. However, it has been shown that these models fail to reliably mimic ...

Evaluation of Exon Inclusion Induced by Splice Switching Antisense Oligonucleotides in SMA Patient Fibroblasts

Tarafından indüklenen Exon dahil değerlendirilmesi Splice SMA hasta fibroblastlar anahtarlama antianlamlı Oligonucleotides

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a lethal neurological disease caused by the loss of SMN1, presents a unique case in the field of antisense oligonucleotide ...