Name: removal of exogenous materials from the outer portion of frozen cores to investigate the ancient biological communities harbored inside
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This work was funded through the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Basic Research Program Office. Permission for publishing this information has been granted by the Chief of Engineers.

1. Ekipman Hazırlama ve Permafrost Core Collection <ol><li> Ekipman hazırlama ve saha örnek toplama ve saklama dişli <ol><li> varil üst içine sürücü adaptörünü takarak ve yerine kilitlemek için kolu çevirerek numune toplama için burgu birleştirin. Sürücü adaptöre üzerine adaptör tüpü pin ve adaptör tüpüne motoru pin. varil üzerinde kesicileri takın. </li><li> örnekleri herhangi bir bulaşmayı azaltmak için hafif hizmet takım elbise, nitril eldiven ve maske takın. Kulak koruma ve Perma...

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Kriosfer geçmiş çevre koşullarında kalıcı korunmuş organizmalar erişim imkanı sunmaktadır. Iyileşti takson tam tarihi topluluğunu temsil olmayabilir ama, buzul buz ve donmuş toprak örneklerinin analizi elde olanlar seçme süreler 15-16 hakkında değerli tarihi bilgiler elde edebilirsiniz. Örneğin, anlamlı biyolojik bilgi çözülme 33 bir sonucu olarak karbon bisiklet süreçlerini araştıran buz Grönland buz tabakasının 20 anaerobik aktivite araştıran çalışm...

Krayosfer (örneğin, permafrost topraklar, buz özellikleri, buzul kar, firn ve buz) Son çevresel koşullar altında devam organizmaların ne tür bir bakış sunuyor. Bu yüzeyler birikimi beri dondurulmuş korunmuş eski binlerce yıl, kendi mikrobiyal topluluklar, yüzlerce onlarca olabilir çünkü, antik çevre koşullarını yansıtacak. uygun bu ekosistemleri analiz ve donmuş örneklerin donmuş toprak ve buz, uygun toplama ve işleme anlamlı biyolojik bilgileri ayıklamak için gereklidir. 21. yüzyıl için iklim projeksiyonları Arktik ve alt Kutup bölgelerine 1 belirgin bir ısınma potansiyeli işaret gibi bu son derece önemlidir. Özellikle, İç Alaska ve Grönland yaklaşık 5 ° C ve sırasıyla 2100 2,3 ile 7 ° C, sıcak bekleniyor. Bu önemli ölçüde toprak ve su mikrobiyal topluluklar ve bu nedenle, ilgili etki beklenirbiojeokimyasal süreçler. Sıcak sıcaklıklar ve değişen yağış rejimi, potansiyel bir kalın, mevsimsel çözülmüş (aktif) yol açan birçok alanda 2-5 permafrost bozulmasını 6,7, dondurulmuş toprakların çözülme ve gibi büyük buz kütlelerinin erime katman başlatması bekleniyor zemin buz, buz dilimleri ve segregasyon buz 8. Bu dramatik bu ekosistemlerde bitki ve hayvan biyolojik çeşitlilik yanında biyokimyasal özelliklerini değiştirmek istiyorum. Buzul buz ve sinjenetik permafrost sediment ve buz özellikleri kimyasal ve özellikleri oluşan zamanda orada yaşamış neler temsil eden bir çevrenin biyolojik kanıtlar tuzak var. Örneğin, İç Alaska, Illinoisan ve Wisconsin hem sürekli donmuş mevcut olan yaşlı ve özellikle bu permafrost mevcut IMPA biyolojik ve jeokimyasal kanıtlar içeriyor (YBP) önce 150.000 yıl modern kalma eşsiz yerleri sağlarbiyolojik çeşitlilik üzerindeki geçmiş iklim değişikliklerinin ct. Sonuç olarak, bu çökeltiler binlerce yıl boyunca biyojeokimyası ve biyolojik çeşitliliğin bir kaydını sağlar. Alan düşük sedimantasyon oranları vardır ve glaciated olmamıştı yana, bozulmamış numuneler dikey tünellerde toprak profili veya yatay sondaj içine toplama ve analizi, her iki sondaj için erişilebilir. Daha da önemlisi, geniş kayıtlar özellikle bu bölgede 9-14 içinde permafrost benzersiz biyokimyasal özelliklerini vurgulamak olduğunu mevcuttur. Özellikle, DNA analizinin uygulama hem kaybolmamış ve antik buz ve donmuş toprak örneklerinde biyolojik çeşitliliğin varlığını ve kapsamını tahmin etmek için belirli organizmalar tarafından işgal antik çevre şartlarının bağlantı ve habitat keşif sağlar. Her çalışma bir differe kullanılan rağmen Önceki çalışmalar, memeliler, bitki ve YBP 11, 15-19 50k kalma örneklerinden mikroorganizmalar üzerinde iklimsel etkilerin belirlediknt metodoloji toplamak ve sürekli donmuş veya buz çekirdeği dekontamine. Belirli metodoloji yabancı nükleik asitler ayrıca örneklerden elenen olup olmadığını açıklığa kavuşturmak etmedi ama bazı durumlarda, sondaj çekirdek, 16, 20-21 sterilize edildi. Diğer çalışmalarda, bakteriyel 22 dekontaminasyon işlemleri etkinliğini ölçmek için kullanılmıştır 15 (örneğin, Serratia) ve flüoresan mikro küreler izole eder. Bu deney geri yaklaşık 40k YBP kalma permafrost örneklerinden mikrobiyal topluluklar araştıran daha geniş bir çalışmanın parçası oldu. Çalışmanın bu bölümünün özel hedefi başarıyla buz ve donmuş toprak çekirdeklerini dekontamine oldu. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla, herhangi bir metodoloji dondurulmuş çekirdek dış kısmından yabancı nükleik asitlerin ve ilgili nükleazlar ortadan kaldırmak için tasarlanmış çözeltilerin kullanımı entegre edilmiştir. Bu bu çözümler, piyasada yaygın olmasına rağmen biry moleküler deneyler için laboratuvar araçlarını temizlemek için kullanılan. Çekirdekler dekontamine Bir kez genomik DNA, Griffiths ve ark., 23. ve towe ve ark., 24 ile geliştirilmiş protokollerin kullanılması ile ekstre bir spektrofotometre kullanılarak ölçülür ve reaksiyon başına 20 ng elde edilecek şekilde steril DNA içermeyen su ile seyreltildi. 600 saniye, 95 ° C&#39;de 45 döngü izledi: Bakteriyel 16S rRNA gen rRNA genleri primerler Arch 349F ve kemer 806R ve aşağıdaki koşullar altında TM Arch 516F 26 sondası ile amplifiye edilmiştir primerleri 331F ve 797R ile amplifiye edilir ve BacTaq 25 ve arkeal 16S prob edilmiştir 30 saniye, 60 saniye boyunca 57 ° C, ve 30 saniye süreyle 40 ° C&#39;de son uzatma ile 25 saniye için 72 ° C, 95 ° C. Tüm qPCR reaksiyonlar çift kopya halinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. 20 ul reaksiyon hacmi 20 ng DNA, primerler 10 uM, prob 5 um ve qPCR Reaksiyon karışımı 10 ul dahildir. Standartlar foPseudomonas sırasıyla fluorescens ve halobakteriyum salinarumun bakteri ve arke qPCR genomik DNA kullanılarak hazırlanmıştır r. Her iki log fazına kadar büyütülmüştür. Plaka sayımları gerçekleştirilmiştir ve DNA izole edildi. Genomik DNA, bir varsayımı ve genom başına 16S rRNA geninin altı kopyasını H. bir spektrofotometre ile nicelleştirilmiştir salinarım ve P. sırasıyla 27-28, fluorescens. bakteriyel ve arke genlerin kopya sayısı standart eğri baz alınarak hesaplanmıştır, tedaviler arasındaki eşitsiz varyanslar için hesap log-dönüştürülmüş ve ANOVA ile değerlendirildi. Topluluk kompozisyon 16S rRNA geni sıralanması akış hücreleri ve köprü büyütme teknolojilerini kullanarak ve &#39;mikrobiyal ekoloji içine nicel anlayışlar&#39; (QIIME) 29 ile toplulukları analiz edilerek belirlenmiştir. İleri ve ters okur birbirine katıldı ve daha sonra diziler, filtre endeksli edildive yüksek kaliteli temsilcileri bir referans veri tabanı ile dizi uyum yoluyla de novo operasyonel taksonomik birimler (OTU) atama için seçildi. Hizalanmış dizilerin taksonomik atama için ayrı bir referans veri tabanı ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Bir filum düzeyinde OTU tablo genel toplum kompozisyonunu belirlemek için oluşturuldu.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1084">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">Auger</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Snow, Ice, and Permafrost Research Establishment (SIPRE), Fairbanks, AK</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:185px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">70% Isopropanol</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Walmart</td>
			<td>551116880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">95% Ethyl Alcohol (denatured)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">A407-4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNA decontamination solution, DNA Away</td>
			<td>Molecular Bio-Products, Inc., San Diego, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">7010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RNase decontamination solution, RNase Away</td>
			<td>Molecular Bio-Products, Inc., San Diego, CA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">7002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Light Duty Suits</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Kimberly-Clark Professional, Roswell, GA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">10606</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nitrile Gloves</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">FFS-700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Antiviral Masks</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Curad, Walgreens</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">CUR3845</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sterile Sample Bags&#160;</td>
			<td>Nasco, Fort Atkinson, WI</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">B01445</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Steel Microtome Blade&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">B-Sharp Microknife, Wake Forest, NC</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Metal Rack</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fabricated at CRREL, Hanover, NH</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Tray</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Handy Paint Products, Chanhassen, MN</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">7500-CC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Aluminum Foil</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Western Plastics, Temecula, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">500 ml Bottle with 0.22 &#956;m Filter</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Corning, Corning, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">430513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Serratia marcescens&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">ATCC, Manassas, VA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">17991</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Biosafety Hood</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">NuAire, Plymouth, MN</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">NU-425-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Petri Dish</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">FB0875712</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ATCC Agar 181- Tryptone</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Acros Organics, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">61184-5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ATCC Agar 181- Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BP381-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ATCC Agar 181- Yeast Extract</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BP1422-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ATCC Agar 181- Dipotassium Phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">3252-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ATCC Agar 181- Agar</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Difco, Sparks, MD</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">214530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">NanoDrop 2000 UV Vis Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">Lightcycler 480 System</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Roche Molecular Systems, Inc., Indianapolis, IN</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">Halobacterium salinarum</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">Pseudomonas fluorescens&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Manassas, VA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Microbial DNA Isolation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">12224-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Ear Protection</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Elvex</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">EP-201</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Hard Hat</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Kimwipes</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Kimberly-Clark Professional, Roswell, GA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">34705</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Glass Wool</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Pyrex</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">430330</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Ruler</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Weighing Tin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">08-732-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">S-9625</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">3040-04</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Potassium phosphate, monobasic</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">&#160;3246-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Potassium phosphate, dibasic</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">JT Baker, Phillipsburg, NJ</td>
			<td>3252-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Sodium phosphate dibasic, anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BP332-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">50 ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Corning, Corning, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">4558</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">2 ml Microcentrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">1200-250-T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">2 ml Ceramic Bead Tubes (1.4 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">13113-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Scoopula</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific, Wilmington, DE</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">1437520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Balance</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Ohaus, Parsippany, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">E12130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC)</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">D5758</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hexadecyltrimethylammoniabromide (CTAB)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Acros Organics, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">22716-5000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Polyethylene glycol 8000&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">P5413-1KG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1) (pH 8)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BP1752-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Eppendorf, Hauppauge, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">5417R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Chloroform-isoamyl alcohol (24:1)</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Sigma Aldrich, St Louis, MO</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">C0549-1PT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">TE Buffer</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Ambion (Thermo Fisher), Wilmington, DE</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">AM9860</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">Pipets</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Rainin, Woburn, MA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Pipet Lite XLS, 2, 10, 200, 1nd 1000ul pipets</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:439px;">Pipet tips</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Rainin, Woburn, MA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">Rainin LTS presterilized, low retention, filtered tips, 10, 20, 200, 1000ul</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Vortexor</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Scientific Industries, Bohemia, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">G-560</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Vortex Adaptor</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">MoBio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">13000-V1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Clear Bottle</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Corning, Corning, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">C1395500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Amber Bottle</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Corning, Corning, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">C5135250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Bottle Top Filters, 0.22um</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Corning, Corning, NY</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">430513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:439px;">60 mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Becton, Dickenson and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BD 309653</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Millex Syringe filters, 0.22 &#956;m</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">EMD Millipore, Billerica, MA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">SLGV033RB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">70% Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">BP2818-500</td>
			<td>diluted &#38; filter sterilized</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Isotemp 100 L Oven</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">151030511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Cell Spreader</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">08-100-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:439px;">Disposable Inoculating Loops</td>
			<td style="width:300px;">Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA</td>
			<td style="width:161px;">22-363-602</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

removal of exogenous materials from the outer portion of frozen cores to investigate the ancient biological communities harbored inside

The cryosphere offers access to preserved organisms that persisted under past environmental conditions. In fact, these frozen materials could reflect conditions over vast time periods and investigation of biological materials harbored inside could provide insight of ancient environments. To appropriately analyze these ecosystems and extract meaningful biological information from frozen soils and ice, proper collection and processing of the frozen samples is necessary. This is especially critical for microbial and DNA analyses since the communities present may be so uniquely different from modern ones. Here, a protocol is presented to successfully collect and decontaminate frozen cores. Both the absence of the colonies used to dope the outer surface and exogenous DNA suggest that we successfully decontaminated the frozen cores and that the microorganisms detected were from the material, rather than contamination from drilling or processing the cores.

sunulan yöntem sürekli donmuş buzul buz çeşitli Cryosphere ortamlarda toplanan donmuş örnekleri dekontamine için kullanılabilir. Burada, özellikle Mühendislik Araştırma ve Geliştirme Merkezi&#39;nden toplanan buz ve donmuş toprak örneklerinden toplanan verileri sunmak - Fox, AK bulunan Soğuk Bölgeler Araştırma ve Mühendislik Laboratuvarı (ERDC-CRREL) Permafrost Tünel (Şekil 1A ve 1B). Permafrost Tünel Goldstream vadinin yan için...

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Removal of Exogenous Materials from the Outer Portion of Frozen Cores to Investigate the Ancient Biological Communities Harbored Inside

Kriosfer geçmiş çevre koşullarında kalıcı korunmuş organizmalar erişim imkanı sunmaktadır. Bir protokol toplamak ve toprak ve buz permafrost çekirdeklerini dekontaminasyonunda sunulmuştur. Eksojen kolonilerin ve DNA yokluğu tespit mikroorganizmalar sondaj veya işleme malzeme yerine, kontaminasyonu temsil ettiğini göstermektedir.

Antik Biyolojik Topluluklar barındırmıştır İç Araştırma Dondurulmuş Çekirdek dış bölümünden Eksojen Malzeme Kaldırma

The cryosphere offers access to preserved organisms that persisted under past environmental conditions. In fact, these frozen materials could reflect ...

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