Name: novel approach for simultaneous recording of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious, unrestrained mice.
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S.M.H. は、健康研究 (機構)、心臓・脳卒中財団のカナダ (脳卒中) アルバータ州革新健康ソリューション (AiHS); カナダの機関から公募によって支えられました。J.E.H. は、国立心臓、肺、血液研究所 PO1HL 51971 からの助成金によってサポートされます。

実験手順のすべてのケアと実験動物の使用のための健康ガイドの国立機関に従って、動物介護制度とミシシッピ大学メディカル センターの利用委員会によって承認されました。
1. 動物と住宅
<ol><li>家のマウス (24-35 g) 制度研究所動物実験施設に到着。</li>
	<li>標準の齧歯動物の食事と水道水の温度と湿度の管理された環境で実験的プロトコルのすべての段階でアドリブのマウスを提供?...

<ol>
	<li>Young, C. N., Davisson, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+assessment+of+neurocardiovascular+regulation+in+the+mouse:+principles,+progress,+and+prospects.">In vivo assessment of neurocardiovascular regulation in the mouse: principles, progress, and prospects.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 301 (3), H654-H662 (2011).</li><li>Kass, D. A., Hare, J. M., Georgakopoulos, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Murine+cardiac+function:+a+cautionary+tail.">Murine cardiac function: a cautionary tail.</a> Circ Res. 82 (4), 519-522 (1998).</li><li>Charkoudian, N., Wallin, B. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+neural+activity+to+the+cardiovascular+system:+integrator+of+systemic+physiology+and+interindividual+characteristics.">Sympathetic neural activity to the cardiovascular system: integrator of systemic physiology and interindividual characteristics.</a> Compr Physiol. 4 (2), 825-850 (2014).</li><li>Guyenet, P. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+sympathetic+control+of+blood+pressure.">The sympathetic control of blood pressure.</a> Nat Rev Neurosci. 7 (5), 335-346 (2006).</li><li>Hamza, S. M., Hall, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+recording+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+unrestrained,+conscious+mice.">Direct recording of renal sympathetic nerve activity in unrestrained, conscious mice.</a> Hypertension. 60 (3), 856-864 (2012).</li><li>DeBeck, L. D., Petersen, S. R., Jones, K. E., Stickland, M. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+rate+variability+and+muscle+sympathetic+nerve+activity+response+to+acute+stress:+the+effect+of+breathing.">Heart rate variability and muscle sympathetic nerve activity response to acute stress: the effect of breathing.</a> Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 299 (1), R80-R91 (2010).</li><li>Krowicki, Z. K., Kapusta, D. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microinjection+of+glycine+into+the+hypothalamic+paraventricular+nucleus+produces+diuresis,+natriuresis,+and+inhibition+of+central+sympathetic+outflow.">Microinjection of glycine into the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus produces diuresis, natriuresis, and inhibition of central sympathetic outflow.</a> J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 337 (1), 247-255 (2011).</li><li>do Carmo, J. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Control+of+blood+pressure,+appetite,+and+glucose+by+leptin+in+mice+lacking+leptin+receptors+in+proopiomelanocortin+neurons.">Control of blood pressure, appetite, and glucose by leptin in mice lacking leptin receptors in proopiomelanocortin neurons.</a> Hypertension. 57 (5), 918-926 (2011).</li><li>Brockway, B. P., Mills, P. A., Azar, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+new+method+for+continuous+chronic+measurement+and+recording+of+blood+pressure,+heart+rate+and+activity+in+the+rat+via+radio-telemetry.">A new method for continuous chronic measurement and recording of blood pressure, heart rate and activity in the rat via radio-telemetry.</a> Clin Exp Hypertens A. 13 (5), 885-895 (1991).</li><li>Tallam, L. S., Silva, d. a., A, A., Hall, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Melanocortin-4+receptor+mediates+chronic+cardiovascular+and+metabolic+actions+of+leptin.">Melanocortin-4 receptor mediates chronic cardiovascular and metabolic actions of leptin.</a> Hypertension. 48 (1), 58-64 (2006).</li><li>Van Vliet, B. N., Chafe, L. L., Antic, V., Schnyder-Candrian, S., Montani, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+and+indirect+methods+used+to+study+arterial+blood+pressure.">Direct and indirect methods used to study arterial blood pressure.</a> J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 44 (2), 361-373 (2000).</li><li>Zvara, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+non-anesthetized+mouse+model+for+recording+sensory+urinary+bladder+activity.">A non-anesthetized mouse model for recording sensory urinary bladder activity.</a> Front Neurol. 1, 127 (2010).</li><li>Hagan, K. P., Bell, L. B., Mittelstadt, S. W., Clifford, P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+dynamic+exercise+on+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+conscious+rabbits.">Effect of dynamic exercise on renal sympathetic nerve activity in conscious rabbits.</a> J Appl Physiol. 74 (5), 2099-2104 (1985).</li><li>Matsukawa, K., Ninomiya, I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity,+heart+rate+and+arterial+blood+pressure+associated+with+eating+in+cats.">Changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity, heart rate and arterial blood pressure associated with eating in cats.</a> J Physiol. 390, 229-242 (1987).</li><li>Stocker, S. D., Muntzel, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recording+sympathetic+nerve+activity+chronically+in+rats:+surgery+techniques,+assessment+of+nerve+activity,+and+quantification.">Recording sympathetic nerve activity chronically in rats: surgery techniques, assessment of nerve activity, and quantification.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 305 (10), 6 (2013).</li><li>Burke, S. L., Lambert, E., Head, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=New+approaches+to+quantifying+sympathetic+nerve+activity.">New approaches to quantifying sympathetic nerve activity.</a> Curr Hypertens Rep. 13 (3), 249-257 (2011).</li><li>Smith, F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+for+recording+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+awake,+freely+moving+animals.">Techniques for recording renal sympathetic nerve activity in awake, freely moving animals.</a> Methods. 30 (2), 122-126 (2003).</li><li>Miki, K., Kosho, A., Hayashida, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+continuous+measurements+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+cardiovascular+function+during+exercise+in+rats.">Method for continuous measurements of renal sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular function during exercise in rats.</a> Exp Physiol. 87 (1), 33-39 (2002).</li><li>Yoshimoto, M., Miki, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+freely+moving+mice.">Measurement of renal sympathetic nerve activity in freely moving mice.</a> J Physiol. 560, (2004).</li><li>Yoshimoto, M., Miki, K., Fink, G. D., King, A., Osborn, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+angiotensin+II+infusion+causes+differential+responses+in+regional+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+rats.">Chronic angiotensin II infusion causes differential responses in regional sympathetic nerve activity in rats.</a> Hypertension. 55 (3), 644-651 (2010).</li><li>Salman, I. M., Sarma Kandukuri, ., Harrison, D., L, J., Hildreth, C. M., Phillips, J. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+conscious+telemetry+recordings+demonstrate+increased+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+rats+with+chronic+kidney+disease.">Direct conscious telemetry recordings demonstrate increased renal sympathetic nerve activity in rats with chronic kidney disease.</a> Front Physiol. 6, 218 (2015).</li><li>Morgan, D. A., Despas, F., Rahmouni, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+leptin+on+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+conscious+mice.">Effects of leptin on sympathetic nerve activity in conscious mice.</a> Physiol Rep. 3 (9), (2015).</li><li>Alfie, M. E., Sigmon, D. H., Pomposiello, S. I., Carretero, O. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+high+salt+intake+in+mutant+mice+lacking+bradykinin-B2+receptors.">Effect of high salt intake in mutant mice lacking bradykinin-B2 receptors.</a> Hypertension. 29 (1 Pt 2), 483-487 (1997).</li><li>Dietz, J. R., Landon, C. S., Nazian, S. J., Vesely, D. L., Gower, W. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+cardiac+hormones+on+arterial+pressure+and+sodium+excretion+in+NPRA+knockout+mice.">Effects of cardiac hormones on arterial pressure and sodium excretion in NPRA knockout mice.</a> Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 229 (8), 813-818 (2004).</li><li>Zhang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cyclosporine+A-induced+hypertension+involves+synapsin+in+renal+sensory+nerve+endings.">Cyclosporine A-induced hypertension involves synapsin in renal sensory nerve endings.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 97 (17), 9765-9770 (2000).</li><li>Szczesny, G., Veihelmann, A., Massberg, S., Nolte, D., Messmer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+anaesthesia+using+inhalatory+isoflurane+in+different+strains+of+mice-the+haemodynamic+effects.">Long-term anaesthesia using inhalatory isoflurane in different strains of mice-the haemodynamic effects.</a> Lab Anim. 38 (1), 64-69 (2004).</li><li>Tank, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sympathetic+nerve+traffic+and+circulating+norepinephrine+levels+in+RGS2-deficient+mice.">Sympathetic nerve traffic and circulating norepinephrine levels in RGS2-deficient mice.</a> Auton Neurosci. 136 (1-2), 52-57 (2007).</li><li>Schwarte, L. A., Zuurbier, C. J., Ince, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanical+ventilation+of+mice.">Mechanical ventilation of mice.</a> Basic Res Cardiol. 95 (6), 510-520 (2000).</li><li>Zuurbier, C. J., Emons, V. M., Ince, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hemodynamics+of+anesthetized+ventilated+mouse+models:+aspects+of+anesthetics,+fluid+support,+and+strain.">Hemodynamics of anesthetized ventilated mouse models: aspects of anesthetics, fluid support, and strain.</a> Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 282 (6), H2099-H2105 (2002).</li><li>Farnham, M. M., O'Connor, E. T., Wilson, R. J., Pilowsky, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+preparation+of+mice+for+recording+cardiorespiratory+parameters+in+vivo.">Surgical preparation of mice for recording cardiorespiratory parameters in vivo.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 248, 41-45 (2015).</li><li>Cuellar, J. M., Antognini, J. F., Carstens, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vivo+method+for+recording+single+unit+activity+in+lumbar+spinal+cord+in+mice+anesthetized+with+a+volatile+anesthetic.">An in vivo method for recording single unit activity in lumbar spinal cord in mice anesthetized with a volatile anesthetic.</a> Brain Res Brain Res Protoc. 13 (2), 126-134 (2004).</li><li>Carruba, M. O., Bondiolotti, G., Picotti, G. B., Catteruccia, N., Da Prada, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+diethyl+ether,+halothane,+ketamine+and+urethane+on+sympathetic+activity+in+the+rat.">Effects of diethyl ether, halothane, ketamine and urethane on sympathetic activity in the rat.</a> Eur J Pharmacol. 134 (1), 15-24 (1987).</li><li>Wang, G. F., Mao, X. J., Chen, Z. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Urethane+suppresses+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+in+Wistar+rats.">Urethane suppresses renal sympathetic nerve activity in Wistar rats.</a> Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 18 (10), 1454-1457 (2014).</li><li>Xu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+induced+hypothermia+on+renal+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+baroreceptor+reflex+in+urethane-anesthetized+rabbits.">Effects of induced hypothermia on renal sympathetic nerve activity and baroreceptor reflex in urethane-anesthetized rabbits.</a> Crit Care Med. 28 (12), 3854-3860 (2000).</li><li>Shimokawa, A., Kunitake, T., Takasaki, M., Kannan, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+effects+of+anesthetics+on+sympathetic+nerve+activity+and+arterial+baroreceptor+reflex+in+chronically+instrumented+rats.">Differential effects of anesthetics on sympathetic nerve activity and arterial baroreceptor reflex in chronically instrumented rats.</a> J Auton Nerv Syst. 72 (1), 46-54 (1998).</li><li>Janssen, B. J., Smits, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomic+control+of+blood+pressure+in+mice:+basic+physiology+and+effects+of+genetic+modification.">Autonomic control of blood pressure in mice: basic physiology and effects of genetic modification.</a> Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 282 (6), R1545-R1564 (2002).</li><li>Nunn, N., Feetham, C. H., Martin, J., Barrett-Jolley, R., Plagge, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Elevated+blood+pressure,+heart+rate+and+body+temperature+in+mice+lacking+the+XLalphas+protein+of+the+Gnas+locus+is+due+to+increased+sympathetic+tone.">Elevated blood pressure, heart rate and body temperature in mice lacking the XLalphas protein of the Gnas locus is due to increased sympathetic tone.</a> Exp Physiol. 98 (10), 1432-1445 (2013).</li></ol>

本概説、実証し、意識下マウス、自由に移動し、自分のホームケージで楽に休むの RSNA の対象となる評価手法を検証しました。血圧 radiotelemeter、点滴静注カテーテル留置とカスタム設計されたバイポーラ RSNA 電極の外科的移植後、マウスは手術から回復し、48 〜 72 時間に妨げられていない残っていた。マウス残った快適解決された食料、水、環境エンリッチメントに無制限にアクセスできる...

生物医学研究のいくつかの領域でマウスを使用して関心は、無数の遺伝子組み換えモデルの開発と拡大し続けています。ほとんどの部分については、生理学でのマウスの使用の増加と技術の進歩が追いついて、今マウスの重要な生理学的パラメーターの測定用に開発された小型デバイスの印象的な選択があります。テレメーター用自律神経の測定を直接意識下ラットの神経の緊張は、10 年以上利用されているが、意識下マウスにおける神経活動を評価するための小型デバイスは、現在利用できません。捜査官は、通常間接的な方法 (すなわち血漿や尿中カテコールアミン、薬理学的自律神経、血液のパターンのスペクトル解析で自律神経系の貢献を評価することによってこの制限を回避します。圧力/心拍数)1。
これらのアプローチは、貴重な情報を提供する、結果は捜査現象への神経の隔離集団の離散の貢献を明らかにするのではなく、全体的な自律神経緊張度の全体的な映像です。また、多くの懸念を提起する麻酔下マウスにおける特定の神経活動の直接録音を実行されています。いくつかの手術の麻酔下マウスにおける生理学的範囲内で安定した血圧を維持するために非常に困難です。実際には、これらの各種実験、血圧は頻繁未報告または非常に低レベルで発表 (60-80 mmHg 対すなわち > 意識マウス 100mmHg)2。心血管系のシステムを麻酔下マウス準備を頻繁に展示の脆弱性を排除する自律神経活動、血圧と交感神経3との共依存関係の意味のある評価 4。
腎交感神経活動 (RSNA) 意識での直接録音の新しいメソッドは、この制限に対処するため、気ままなマウス、自分のホームケージ内で妨げられていないが開発されました。両方この技術の実装を成功させるための外科的・実験的アプローチで詳しく説明します。この準備は、RSNA、に加えて、追加の機能を持つマウスを乱すことがなく関心のエージェントを静脈内注入のテレメーターによる動脈圧を同時に記録する捜査官をできます。
24 時間手術後、マウスは正常に動作、痛みや苦痛の印を示さない。マウス快適にかかっているその家のケージで食料、水、環境エンリッチメントに無制限にアクセスできる一方、実験的なレコーディングは 48 〜 72 時間後手術を開始します。RSNA のトレースをクリアと全身血圧の薬理学的変調に加えて (食べる、グルーミングなど) 動物の通常の物理的な動きにこの神経集団の特性の応答の例を示します。品質と RSNA 信号の特異性は、神経節の封鎖によってさらに検証されます。本稿ではこの手法5の最初に公開されて説明する視聴覚の補完が含まれます。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Teflon-coated stainless steel multiple stranded wire</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>793200</td>
			<td>0.001in diameter bare; 0.0055in diameter coated</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>#11 Scalpel Blade</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>ALMM9011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Soldering Iron and solder</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Any make or model suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Male miniature pin connectors</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>520200</td>
			<td>Brass with gold plating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Female miniature pin connectors</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>520100</td>
			<td>Brass with gold plating</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat Shrink tubing</td>
			<td>Radio Shack</td>
			<td>Model #: 278-1610 |&#160;Catalog #: 2781610</td>
			<td>1.6 mm diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene 90 (PE90) tubing</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>CA-63018-703</td>
			<td>0.86mm inner diameter; 1.27mm outer diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td>Leica M80</td>
			<td>Any make or model also suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene 10 (PE10) tubing</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>PE10&#160;50 FT</td>
			<td>0.28mm inner diameter; 0.61mm outer diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super Glue Liquid</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Liquid Formula; any brand suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Super Glue Gel</td>
			<td>Loctite</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Gel Formula; any brand suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing</td>
			<td>Scientific Commodities</td>
			<td>BB31695-PE/13</td>
			<td>For pedestal 2.7mm inner diameter; 4.0mm outer diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hospital Sterilization Services &#38; Ozone Sterilization packets</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Contact local hospital sterilization services</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane anesthesia</td>
			<td>Abbott</td>
			<td>05260-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deltaphase isothermal heat pads &#38; surgical table</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>39OP</td>
			<td>Keep heat pads warm in a 37&#176;C water bath; Corresponding surgical table essential</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycopyrrolate</td>
			<td>Amdipharm Mercury Company Limited</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane vaporizer system &#38; flow gauge</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>VP I</td>
			<td>Include medical grade oxygen supply</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>14173-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine spring scissors</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15006-09</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small cotton-tipped applicators</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>23400100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fine Straight Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11254-20</td>
			<td>#5, FST by Dumont Biologie Tip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Angled Forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11251-35</td>
			<td>#5/45 FST by Dumont</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Absorbent Spears</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>18105-03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Parafilm</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>BR701605&#160;ALDRICH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kwik-Sil 2 component Silicone Polymer</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments (WPI)</td>
			<td>KWIK-SIL</td>
			<td>Purchase extra specialized tips from WPI</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 Polysorb Suture</td>
			<td>Tyco Healthcare</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6-0 Silk Suture</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>SUT-S&#160;104</td>
			<td>Deknatel brand, spool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radiotelemetry Probe</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International (DSI)</td>
			<td>TA11-PAC10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Radiotelemetry Receiver</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International (DSI)</td>
			<td>PhysioTel RPC-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ambient Pressure Reference</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International (DSI)</td>
			<td>Apr-01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pressure Output Adapter</td>
			<td>Data Sciences International (DSI)</td>
			<td>R11CPA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rena Pulse Tubing</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific</td>
			<td>RPT-040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Infusion Swivel</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>375/D/22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Swivel Support Arm &#38; Mount</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>SMCLA</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polysulfone button&#160;</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>LW62S/6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel spring</td>
			<td>Instech Solomon</td>
			<td>PS62</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vetbond surgical adhesive</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triple Antibiotic Ointment</td>
			<td>Fougera</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PowerLab 8 Channel Data Acquisition System &#38; Software</td>
			<td>ADInstruments</td>
			<td>PowerLab 8/35</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PVC Insulated Cable</td>
			<td>Belden</td>
			<td>PVC Audio Connection Cable 32 AWG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Preamplification Headstage</td>
			<td>Dagan Corporation</td>
			<td>Model 4002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Differential Amplifier</td>
			<td>Dagan Corporation</td>
			<td>EX4-400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Nitroprusside</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>71778-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phenylephrine</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6126-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterile Physiological Saline 0.9% NaCl</td>
			<td>Beckton Dickinson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Contact local hospital supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hexamethonium</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0879-5G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless Steel top anti vibration table</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Custom designed in-house; Solid steel plate on a benchtop is also suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Faraday cage</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Custom designed and constructed in-house</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal hair trimmer</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Drugstore, men&#39;s beard trimmer suitable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dipilatory Cream</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Veet brand, sensitive skin formula</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10% Povidone Iodine</td>
			<td>Purdue Products</td>
			<td>Betadiene</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>70% Ethanol</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Steel microretractors</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>n/a</td>
			<td>Made in-house. Bend a steel paper clip &#38; loop 4-0 silk to form a retractor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hemostats</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>13011-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heat Gun</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>09-201-27</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

novel approach for simultaneous recording of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure with intravenous infusion in conscious, unrestrained mice.

腎交感神経は、生理学的・病態生理学的現象に大きく貢献.腎交感神経活動 (RSNA) の評価は、慢性腎臓病、高血圧、心不全、糖尿病、肥満などの研究の多くの地域で大きな関心のです。交感神経系の役割の明確な評価、実験結果の適切な解釈および病気プロセスの理解が不可欠です。RSNA は、伝統的にマウスを含む麻酔の齧歯動物で測定されています。ただし、マウス通常発生非常に低い血圧と血行動態が不安定数時間麻酔と手術の間に。RSNA の意味は、この非生理的状態、交感神経と心血管系の状態との親密な関係によって混同されます。従来のアプローチのこの制限に対処するため、意識、自由に移動マウスの RSNA を測定する新しい方法を開発しました。マウス慢性的な血圧頸静脈注入カテーテル、RSNA の直接録音用バイポーラ電極をカスタム設計の継続的な監視のための無線テレメータ計測されました。48-72 時間の回復期間後の生存率は 100% とすべてのマウスが正常動作します。この時点で、RSNA は、正常にそれぞれ 4、5 日後手術 70% とマウスの 50% まで取得可能な信号とマウスの 80% で記録されました。生理の血液の圧力は、すべてのマウスで記録された (116±2 mmHg; n = 10)。記録 RSNA は、食べるとグルーミング、文献でよく確立増加。さらに、RSNA は、神経節の封鎖と薬理学的エージェントと血圧の変調によって検証されました。ここで、意識し、自由に移動マウスの RSNA の明確な記録のための効率的で扱いやすい方法を説明します。

記述されていたプロトコルに従って生存率 100% - 生き残ったし、も手術の手順を回復におけるインストルメント化されたすべてのマウスであった。24 時間以内に手術の準備の典型的な食べることを示す通常、行儀すべてマウス クリーンアップおよび探索行動。動物は、この時点では痛みや苦痛の兆候を示さなかった。術後 48 時間検証可能な明確な RSNA 信号は 10 12 の?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice. at

Novel Approach for Simultaneous Recording of Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure with Intravenous Infusion in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice.

麻酔下のマウスを表わす非生理的全身血圧血圧と自律神経の密接な関係を与え自律神経の調子の意味のある評価を排除します。したがって、同時に腎交感神経活動と意識下マウスにおける静脈内投与による血圧の新しい手法を説明します。

腎交感神経活動と意識、持続静脈内投与による血圧の同時記録への新しいアプローチ気ままなマウス。

Renal sympathetic nerves contribute significantly to both physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Evaluating renal sympathetic nerve activity ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular (ICV) and Intravenous (IV) Injection in Mice

Delivery of Therapeutic Agents Through Intracerebroventricular ICV and Intravenous IV Injection in Mice

マウスの脳室内（ICV）と静脈（IV）注入による治療薬のデリバリー

Despite the protective role that blood brain barrier plays in shielding the brain, it limits the access to the central nervous system (CNS) which most ...

Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic Clamps in Conscious, Unrestrained Mice

意識、無拘束マウスにおける高インスリン血症、正常血糖クランプ

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a defect in insulin action. The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, or insulin clamp, is widely considered the "gold ...

Femoral Arterial and Venous Catheterization for Blood Sampling, Drug Administration and Conscious Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Measurements

血液サンプリング、医薬品の管理と意識血圧および心拍数測定のための大腿動脈および静脈カテーテル

In multiple fields of study, access to the circulatory system in laboratory studies is necessary. Pharmacological studies in rats using chronically ...

Transcutaneous Assessment of Renal Function in Conscious Rodents

コンシャスげっ歯類における腎機能の経皮評価

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is the gold standard to assess overall kidney function. However, traditional methods to evaluate GFR are cumbersome and ...

Long-term Blood Pressure Measurement in Freely Moving Mice Using Telemetry

テレメトリを使用して自由に動くマウスにおける長期血圧測定

During the development of new vasoactive agents, arterial blood pressure monitoring is crucial for evaluating the efficacy of the new proposed drugs. ...

Cavernous Nerve Stimulation and Recording of Intracavernous Pressure in a Rat

海綿神経刺激とラットの海綿静脈洞部の圧力の記録

The stimulation of the cavernous nerve (CN) and measurement of intracavernous pressure (ICP) have been used extensively to test and evaluate therapies for ...

Simultaneous Electrocardiography Recording and Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats

心電図の同時記録と侵襲的血圧ラットにおける測定

For studies related to cardiovascular physiology or pathophysiology, blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiography are basic observational parameters. ...

Implantation of Combined Telemetric ECG and Blood Pressure Transmitters to Determine Spontaneous Baroreflex Sensitivity in Conscious Mice

意識のあるマウスにおける自発的な圧反射感受性を決定するための遠隔ECGと血圧伝達器の組み合わせの埋め込み

Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) are both controlled by the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and are closely intertwined due to reflex mechanisms. ...

Repetitive Blood Sampling from the Subclavian Vein of Conscious Rat

意識性ラットの鎖骨下静脈からの反復採血

Rats are widely used in pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicokinetic (TK) studies that need to collect a certain amount of blood at specific time points to ...