Name: synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry
Uploaded: 2016-07-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

We thank the Australian Research Council (ARC) for ARC Future Fellowship (FT120100101) and ARC Centre of Excellence CE140100036) grants to P.T. and the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre at UNSW for access to mass spectrometry and NMR facilities.

Hinweis: Das folgende Protokoll wird für die Synthese eines Proteins-Farbstoff - Biokonjugat ausgelegt wie in Figur 1 gezeigt , ist es ein allgemeines Protokoll für die Reaktion einer Maleimid mit freien Oberfläche Cystein enthaltenden Proteinen, mit Anmerkungen eingefügt gegebenenfalls mit Membranprotein zu unterstützen. Biokonjugate, Protein-Polymer-Biokonjugate und synthetische Protein-Dimer (Protein-Protein) Biokonjugate. In diesem speziellen Fall das Protein iso-1 - Cytochrom c hat eine Oberfläche Cystei...

<ol>
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A., Thordarson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+room+temperature+photo-induced+electron+transfer+in+biologically+active+bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II)-cytochrome+c+bioconjugates+and+the+effect+of+solvents+on+the+bioconjugation+of+cytochrome+c.">Synthesis and room temperature photo-induced electron transfer in biologically active bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II)-cytochrome c bioconjugates and the effect of solvents on the bioconjugation of cytochrome c.</a> Org. Biomol. Chem. 8, 151-162 (2010).</li><li>Borges, C. R., Sherma, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+for+the+Analysis+of+Cysteine+Sulfhydryls+and+Oxidative+Protein+Folding.">Techniques for the Analysis of Cysteine Sulfhydryls and Oxidative Protein Folding.</a> Antioxid. Redox Signal. 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Biochem. 31, 139-143 (1972).</li><li>M&#252;ller, M., Azzi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+labeling+of+beef+heart+cytochrome+oxidase+subunit+III+with+eosin-5-maleimide.">Selective labeling of beef heart cytochrome oxidase subunit III with eosin-5-maleimide.</a> FEBS Lett. 184 (1), 110-114 (1985).</li><li>Shen, B. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conjugation+site+modulates+the+in+vivo+stability+and+therapeutic+activity+of+antibody-drug+conjugates.">Conjugation site modulates the in vivo stability and therapeutic activity of antibody-drug conjugates.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 30 (2), 184-189 (2012).</li></ol>

Reinigung der Ausgangsmaterialien vor einer Biokonjugation ist von größter Bedeutung. Proteine, erhalten aus kommerziellen rekombinanten Quellen enthalten oft andere Isoformen des Proteins von Interesse, die unterschiedliche Oberflächenchemie und Reaktivität aufweisen. Beispielsweise in dem beschriebenen Biokonjugation, enthält das handelsübliche cyt c ein Gemisch aus beiden iso-1 und iso-cyt c 2 12,14,17. Iso-2 und iso-1 Formen von Cytochrom c sind weitgehend homolog mit der ...

Biokonjugation beinhaltet die Verknüpfung kovalent ein Biomolekül mit einem anderen oder mit einem synthetischen Molekül, wie ein Farbstoff, Arzneimittel oder einem Polymer. Protein Biokonjugation Methoden werden nun ausführlich in vielen Chemie, Biologie und Nanotechnologie Forschungsgruppen mit Anwendungen , die von fluoreszierenden Farbstoffmarkierung 1,2, Herstellung von Protein (Antikörper) -prodrugs 3 (Antikörper - Wirkstoff - Konjugate - ADCs) verwendet Synthese von Protein - Dimere 4,5 bis hin zu selbstorganisierenden Protein-Polymer - Hybriden 6,7 verwendet in den Bereich Nanomedizin 8 und Systemchemie 9. Spezifität der Chemie für die Biokonjugation verwendet, während nicht immer kritisch, ist von größter Bedeutung für die meisten funktionellen Protein Biokonjugate, um nicht mit der aktiven Stelle des Zielproteins zu stören. Die ideale Biokonjugation Reaktion muss mehrere Kriterien erfüllen, darunter: i) Targeting seltene oder einzigartige Stellen auf dem Protein von Interesse,ii) werden selektiv in Richtung auf dieses Ziel, iii) gehen unter nicht-denaturierenden Bedingungen Proteins zu vermeiden Entfalten und iv) werden mit hoher Ausbeute als das Zielprotein bei unteratmosphärischem millimolar Konzentration der Regel nur zur Verfügung steht. Das Maleimid - Cystein Michael Zusätzlich kommt in der Nähe , alle diese Kriterien zu erfüllen, und hat aus diesem Grund lange einen besonderen Status im Bereich der Biokonjugat Chemie 10 beansprucht. Dies ist, weil i) viele Proteine ​​nur einen Cysteinrest an ihrer Oberfläche enthalten, können genetisch es so konstruiert werden, ii) in der richtigen pH der Reaktion auf Cystein hochselektiv ist, iii) es verläuft glatt in wässrigen Puffern und iv) es ist sehr schnell mit der Geschwindigkeitskonstante zweiter Ordnung von Maleimiden in Cystein enthaltenden Proteinen berichtet überschreiten 5,000 M -1 sec -1 in einigen Fällen 11. Sofern das Protein von Interesse einen kleinen (≈ 5-10%) Menge an organischem Co-Lösungsmittel 12, fast jede Maleimid-funktionalisierten Farbstoff tolerieren kann, polymer, Oberfläche oder ein anderes Protein können an Proteine ​​gebunden werden. Darüber hinaus sind Maleinimide spezifischer für Cysteine ​​an Proteinen als iodoacetamides, die Reaktion mit anderen Nucleophilen bei erhöhten pH anfälliger sind; und stabiler als Disulfid-basierte Konjugationen , die bei einem sauren pH gehalten werden müssen Disulfidaustausch 13 zu verhindern. Hier berichten wir über ein generisches Protokoll für die Konjugation von Maleimid-funktionalisierten Molekülen an ein Protein , einen einzelnen Cysteinrest unter Verwendung der Reaktion zwischen einem Ru (II) -Basis Chromophor und dem Redoxprotein Cytochrom c als Beispiel enthalten. Dieses Protokoll ist gleichermaßen auf die meisten anderen Proteine, die eine zugängliche Oberfläche Cysteinrest und das entsprechende Maleimid-funktionalisierten Ziel, sei es ein anderes Protein, ein Fluoreszenzfarbstoff, ein Chromophor oder ein synthetisches Polymer enthält.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="913">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium dihydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71496</td>
			<td style="width:263px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">73575</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">cytochrome c, from saccaromyces cerevisiae</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">C2436</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">dithiothreitol</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">43819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">TSKgel SP-5PW</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Tosoh SP-5PW, 07161</td>
			<td>3.3 mL strong cation exchange column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amicon Ultra-15&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">UFC900308</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa spin filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide-A-Lyzer mini dialysis units</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">66333</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa dialysis cassetes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Ru(II) bisterpyridine maleimide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Lab made</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>see ref (14)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">A3396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">03609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">93284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">imidazole</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">56749</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">nickel acetate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">244066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">AcroSep IMAC Hypercell column</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">via VWR: 569-1008</td>
			<td>1 mL IMAC column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron cellulose membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Z697958</td>
			<td>47 mm filter for buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron PVDF membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">SLGV013SL</td>
			<td>syringe filters for proteins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">84426</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">caffeic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">60018</td>
			<td>MALDI matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">91707</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SimplyBlue SafeStain</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC6060</td>
			<td>Coomassie blue solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Novex 12% Bis-Tris Gel</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0342BOX</td>
			<td>precast protein gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-stained Protein Standard</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC5925</td>
			<td>premade protein ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (4X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0008</td>
			<td>premade gel sample buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Sample Reducing Agent (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0004</td>
			<td>premade gel reducing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE MES SDS Running Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0002</td>
			<td>premade gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Voyager DE STR MALDI reflectron TOF MS</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Acta FPLC</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Cary 50 Bio Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Varian-Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>UV-Vis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Milli-Q ultrapure water dispenser</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>ultrapure water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Low volume UV-Vis Cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hellma</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">105-201-15-40</td>
			<td>100 microliter cuvette</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Die Synthese von Biokonjugaten wird durch drei primäre Methoden bestätigt: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), Polyacrylamid - Gelelektrophorese und UV-VIS (UV-Vis) Spektroskopie, wie in den 2, 3 und 4. Eine Massenzunahme der Masse des beigefügten kleine Molekül und das Fehlen eines nicht - umgesetztem Protein entspricht zeigt die erfolgreiche kovalente Verknüpfung von Ru (II) (tpy) -maleinimi...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Dieses Protokoll beschreibt die wichtigsten Schritte für die Biokonjugation eines Cysteins erforderlich Proteins an ein Maleimid enthalten, einschließlich Reagenz Reinigung, Reaktionsbedingungen Biokonjugat Reinigung und Charakterisierung Biokonjugat.

Synthese von Protein Biokonjugate<em&gt; über</em&gt; Cystein-maleimid Chemie

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

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Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Synthese von Antivirale Tetrahydrocarbazolderivate durch photochemische und Säure-katalysierten CH-Funktionalisierung über Zwischen Peroxide (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

Forschung

Chemie

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Synthese und Charakterisierung von funktionalisierten Metall-organische Gerüste

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Synthese und Reaktionschemie von nanoskaligen Mononatrium Titanat

This paper describes the synthesis and peroxide-modification of nanosize monosodium titanate (nMST), along with an ion-exchange reaction to load the ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Die Herstellung und Eigenschaften von Thermo reversibel vernetzten Kautschuk Via Diels-Alder-Chemie

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Die Synthese von [Sn<sub&gt; 10</sub&gt; (Si (SiMe<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt;]<sup&gt; 2</sup<sup&gt; -</sup&gt; Eine metastabile Sn (I) halogenidlösung Verwendung über eine Co-Kondensationstechnik Synthetisierter

The number of well-characterized metalloid tin clusters, synthesized by applying the disproportionation of a metastable Sn(I) halide in the presence of a ...

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protokoll für die Festphasensynthese von Oligomeren der RNA mit einem 2&#39;-<em&gt; O</em&gt; -thiophenylmethyl-Modifikation und Charakterisierung über Kreisdichroismus

Solid-phase synthesis has been used to obtain canonical and modified polymers of nucleic acids, specifically of DNA or RNA, which has made it a popular ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Synthese von Substrat-gebundenen Au Nanodrähten über eine aktive Oberfläche Wachstumsmechanismus

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

Eine schnelle Synthese-Methode für Au, Pd und Pt-Aerogelen über lösungsorientierte Direktreduktion

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Synthese von Estern über ein grüner Steglich-Veresterung in Acetonitril

The Steglich esterification is a widely-used reaction for the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. While efficient and mild, the ...

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Synthese von monodispersen zylindrischen Nanopartikeln durch kristallisationsgesteuerte Selbstmontage von biologisch abbaubaren Blockcopolymeren

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock ...