Name: synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry
Uploaded: 2016-07-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

We thank the Australian Research Council (ARC) for ARC Future Fellowship (FT120100101) and ARC Centre of Excellence CE140100036) grants to P.T. and the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre at UNSW for access to mass spectrometry and NMR facilities.

Merk: Den følgende protokoll er konstruert for syntese av et protein-dye biokonjugatet som vist i figur 1. Det er en generell protokoll for omsetning av et maleimid med fri overflate cystein inneholdende proteiner, med noter innsatt der det er aktuelt å hjelpe til med membranprotein. bioconjugates, protein-polymer bioconjugates og syntetisk protein dimer (protein-protein) bioconjugates. I dette spesielle tilfelle, har proteinet iso-1-cytokrom c en overflate cysteinresiduum tilgjengelig for reaksjon, som tillater ...

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Rensing av utgangsmaterialene før en bioconjugation er av største betydning. Proteiner erholdt fra kommersielle kilder rekombinante inneholder ofte andre isoformer av proteinet av interesse, som kan ha forskjellig overflatekjemi og reaktivitet. For eksempel, i den beskrevne bioconjugation, inneholder det kommersielt tilgjengelige cyt c en blanding av begge deler iso-1 og iso-2 cyt c 12,14,17. Iso-2 og iso-1-former av cytokrom c er i stor grad homolog med den største forskjellen e...

Bioconjugation involverer kovalent å knytte en biomolekyl med hverandre eller med en syntetisk molekyl, så som et fargestoff, medikament eller en polymer. Protein bioconjugation metoder er nå mye brukt i mange kjemi, biologi og nanoteknologi forskningsgrupper med applikasjoner som spenner fra fluorescerende fargestoff merking 1,2, noe som gjør av protein (antistoff) -prodrugs 3 (antistoff medikamentkonjugater - ADCs) syntese av protein dimer 4,5 gjennom å selv-montering protein-polymer hybrider 6,7 som brukes i nanomedisin 8 og systemer kjemi 9. Spesifisitet av kjemien benyttet for bioconjugation, samtidig som det ikke alltid er kritisk, er av største betydning for de funksjonelle protein bioconjugates, slik at det ikke forstyrrer det aktive sete av målproteinet. Den ideelle bioconjugation reaksjon må oppfylle flere kriterier, blant annet: i) rettet mot sjeldne eller unike steder på protein av interesse,ii) være selektiv mot dette målet, iii) går under ikke-denaturerende betingelser for å unngå protein utfoldelse og iv) være høy avkastning som mål protein er vanligvis bare tilgjengelig på sub-millimolar konsentrasjon. Den maleimid - cystein Michael-addisjon kommer nær til å oppfylle alle disse kriteriene, og har av den grunn lenge ifølge en spesiell status på området biokonjugatet kjemi 10. Dette er fordi i) mange proteiner som inneholder bare en cysteinresidie ​​på sin overflate kan fremstilles ved gensløyd der, ii) ved den riktige pH-verdi i reaksjons er meget selektive overfor cystein, iii) den fortsetter jevnt i vandige buffere, og iv) det er meget rask med den annen ordens hastighetskonstant av maleimider til cystein-inneholdende proteiner som er rapportert å overstige 5000 M -1 sek -1 i noen tilfeller 11. Forutsatt at proteinet av interesse kan tolerere en liten (≈ 5-10%) mengde av organisk ko-oppløsningsmiddel 12, kan nesten alle maleimid-funksjonalisert fargestoff, po-polymer, overflate eller et annet protein kan knyttes til proteiner. I tillegg er maleimider er mer spesifikk for cysteinene på proteiner enn iodoacetamides, som er mer tilbøyelig til å reagere med andre nukleofiler ved forhøyet pH-verdi; og mer stabil enn disulfid-baserte bøyning som må holdes ved sur pH for å hindre disulfid utveksling 13. Her kan vi rapportere en generisk protokoll for konjugering av maleimid-funksjonalisert molekyler til et protein som inneholder en enkelt cysteinresidie ​​ved hjelp av reaksjonen mellom en Ru (II) -basert kromofor og redoks-proteinet cytokrom c som et eksempel. Denne protokollen er like anvendelig for de fleste andre proteiner inneholdende et tilgjengelig overflate cysteinresidie ​​og det tilsvarende maleimid-funksjonalisert mål, det være seg et annet protein, et fluorescerende fargestoff, en kromofor eller en syntetisk polymer.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="913">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium dihydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71496</td>
			<td style="width:263px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">73575</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">cytochrome c, from saccaromyces cerevisiae</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">C2436</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">dithiothreitol</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">43819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">TSKgel SP-5PW</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Tosoh SP-5PW, 07161</td>
			<td>3.3 mL strong cation exchange column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amicon Ultra-15&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">UFC900308</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa spin filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide-A-Lyzer mini dialysis units</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">66333</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa dialysis cassetes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Ru(II) bisterpyridine maleimide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Lab made</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>see ref (14)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">A3396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">03609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">93284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">imidazole</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">56749</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">nickel acetate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">244066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">AcroSep IMAC Hypercell column</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">via VWR: 569-1008</td>
			<td>1 mL IMAC column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron cellulose membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Z697958</td>
			<td>47 mm filter for buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron PVDF membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">SLGV013SL</td>
			<td>syringe filters for proteins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">84426</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">caffeic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">60018</td>
			<td>MALDI matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">91707</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SimplyBlue SafeStain</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC6060</td>
			<td>Coomassie blue solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Novex 12% Bis-Tris Gel</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0342BOX</td>
			<td>precast protein gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-stained Protein Standard</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC5925</td>
			<td>premade protein ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (4X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0008</td>
			<td>premade gel sample buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Sample Reducing Agent (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0004</td>
			<td>premade gel reducing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE MES SDS Running Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0002</td>
			<td>premade gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Voyager DE STR MALDI reflectron TOF MS</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Acta FPLC</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Cary 50 Bio Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Varian-Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>UV-Vis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Milli-Q ultrapure water dispenser</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>ultrapure water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Low volume UV-Vis Cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hellma</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">105-201-15-40</td>
			<td>100 microliter cuvette</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Syntesen av bioconjugates bekreftes av tre hovedmetoder: Matrix-assistert laserdesorpsjon ionisering Time of Flight massespektrometri (MALDI-TOF MS), polyakrylamid-gel-elektroforese og ultrafiolett-synlig (UV-Vis) spektroskopi, som vist i figurene 2, 3 og 4. En masseøkning som tilsvarer massen av det etterfølgende lille molekyl, og mangelen på en ureagert protein viser den vellykkede kovalent binding av Ru (II) (TPY) 2 -maleimide til cyt <e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Denne protokollen detaljer de viktigste trinnene som kreves for bioconjugation av en cystein som inneholder protein til en maleimide, inkludert reagent rensing, reaksjonsbetingelser, biokonjugatet rensing og biokonjugatet karakterisering.

Syntese av Protein Bioconjugates<em&gt; via</em&gt; Cystein-maleimide kjemi

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

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Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Syntese av Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivater av fotokjemisk og Syrekatalysert CH funksjon via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Syntese og karakterisering av funksjon Metal-organisk Rammeverk

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Syntese og reaksjon Kjemi til nanosize Monosodium titanate

This paper describes the synthesis and peroxide-modification of nanosize monosodium titanate (nMST), along with an ion-exchange reaction to load the ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Fremstillingen og egenskapene av Thermo-reversibelt tverrbundet gummi Via Diels-Alder kjemi

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Syntesen av [Sn<sub&gt; 10</sub&gt; (Si (Sime<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt;]<sup&gt; 2</sup<sup&gt; -</sup&gt; Ved hjelp av en metastabil Sn (I) Halide Solution syntetisert via en Co-kondense Technique

The number of well-characterized metalloid tin clusters, synthesized by applying the disproportionation of a metastable Sn(I) halide in the presence of a ...

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protokol for fastfasesyntese av oligomerer av RNA inneholdende en 2&#39;-<em&gt; O</em&gt; -tiofenylmetylmodifikasjon og karakterisering via sirkulær dikroisme

Solid-phase synthesis has been used to obtain canonical and modified polymers of nucleic acids, specifically of DNA or RNA, which has made it a popular ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Syntese av underlaget-bundet Au Nanowires Via en aktiv overflate vekst mekanisme

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

En rask syntese metode for Au og Pd Pt Aerogels Via direkte Solution-baserte reduksjon

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Syntese av estere Via en grønnere Steglich Esterification i Acetonitrile

The Steglich esterification is a widely-used reaction for the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. While efficient and mild, the ...

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Syntese av Monodisperse sylindriske nanopartikler via krystallisering-drevet selv montering av biologisk nedbrytbart Block Kopolymerer

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock ...