Name: synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry
Uploaded: 2016-07-20T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

We thank the Australian Research Council (ARC) for ARC Future Fellowship (FT120100101) and ARC Centre of Excellence CE140100036) grants to P.T. and the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre at UNSW for access to mass spectrometry and NMR facilities.

Obs: Följande protokoll är avsedd för syntesen av ett protein-dye biokonjugat som visas i figur 1 Det är ett allmänt protokoll för reaktionen av en maleimid med fri yta cystein innehåller proteiner, med noter infogas i förekommande fall för att hjälpa till med membranprotein. biokonjugat, protein-polymer biokonjugat och syntetisk protein dimer (protein-protein) biokonjugat. I detta särskilda fall har proteinet iso-1 cytokrom c en yta cysteinrest tillgänglig för att reagera som tillåter en mycket speci...

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A., Thordarson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+room+temperature+photo-induced+electron+transfer+in+biologically+active+bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II)-cytochrome+c+bioconjugates+and+the+effect+of+solvents+on+the+bioconjugation+of+cytochrome+c.">Synthesis and room temperature photo-induced electron transfer in biologically active bis(terpyridine)ruthenium(II)-cytochrome c bioconjugates and the effect of solvents on the bioconjugation of cytochrome c.</a> Org. Biomol. Chem. 8, 151-162 (2010).</li><li>Borges, C. R., Sherma, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techniques+for+the+Analysis+of+Cysteine+Sulfhydryls+and+Oxidative+Protein+Folding.">Techniques for the Analysis of Cysteine Sulfhydryls and Oxidative Protein Folding.</a> Antioxid. Redox Signal. 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Biochem. 31, 139-143 (1972).</li><li>M&#252;ller, M., Azzi, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+labeling+of+beef+heart+cytochrome+oxidase+subunit+III+with+eosin-5-maleimide.">Selective labeling of beef heart cytochrome oxidase subunit III with eosin-5-maleimide.</a> FEBS Lett. 184 (1), 110-114 (1985).</li><li>Shen, B. Q., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conjugation+site+modulates+the+in+vivo+stability+and+therapeutic+activity+of+antibody-drug+conjugates.">Conjugation site modulates the in vivo stability and therapeutic activity of antibody-drug conjugates.</a> Nat. Biotechnol. 30 (2), 184-189 (2012).</li></ol>

Rening av utgångsmaterial innan en biokonjugering är av yttersta vikt. Proteiner erhållna från kommersiella rekombinanta källor innehåller ofta andra isoformer av proteinet av intresse, som kan ha olika ytkemi och reaktivitet. Till exempel i den beskrivna biokonjugering, den kommersiellt tillgängliga cyt c innehåller en blandning av båda iso-1 och iso-2 cyt c 12,14,17. Iso-2 och iso-1 former cytokrom c är i stort sett homolog med den huvudsakliga skillnaden är närvaron a...

Biokonjugering involverar kovalent bindning av en biomolekyl med en annan eller med en syntetisk molekyl såsom ett färgämne, läkemedel eller en polymer. Protein biokonjugering metoder nu i stor utsträckning används i många kemi, biologi och nanoteknik forskargrupper med tillämpningar som sträcker sig från fluorescerande färgämne märkning 1,2, vilket protein (antikropp) -prodrugs 3 (antikropp läkemedelskonjugat - ADC) syntes av protein dimerer 4,5 , genom att självsamlande proteinpolymerhybrider 6,7 används i nanomedicin 8 och system kemi 9. Specificitet av kemin som används för biokonjugering, medan inte alltid är kritisk, är av yttersta vikt för de flesta funktionella protein biokonjugat, för att inte interferera med det aktiva stället i målproteinet. Den idealiska biokonjugering reaktion måste uppfylla flera kriterier, bland annat: i) riktar sällsynta eller unika ställen på proteinet av intresse,ii) vara selektiv mot detta mål, iii) fortsätta under icke-denaturerande förhållanden för att undvika protein utspelas och iv) vara högavkastande som målproteinet är vanligtvis endast tillgänglig vid under millimolar koncentration. Den maleimid - cystein Michael tillägg kommer nära att uppfylla alla dessa kriterier, och har av den anledningen länge hävdat en särställning när det gäller Bioconjugate Chemistry 10. Detta beror på att i) många proteiner som endast innehåller en cysteinrest på sin yta kan manipuleras genetiskt där, ii) vid korrekt pH reaktionen är i hög grad selektiv mot cystein, iii) det förs framåt i vattenhaltiga buffertar och iv) det är mycket snabb med den andra ordningens hastighetskonstant av maleimider till cysteininnehållande proteiner som rapporterats överstiga 5.000 M -1 sek -1 i vissa fall 11. Förutsatt att proteinet av intresse kan tolerera en liten (≈ 5-10%) mängd organiskt samlösningsmedel 12, nästan alla maleimid-funktion färgämne, polymer, yta eller ett annat protein kan kopplas till proteiner. Dessutom maleimider är mer specifika för cysteiner på proteiner än jodacetamider, som är mer benägna att reagera med andra nukleofiler vid förhöjt pH; och mer stabil än disulfid-baserade konjugationer som måste hållas vid surt pH för att förhindra disulfidutbyte 13. Här rapporterar vi ett generiskt protokoll för konjugering av maleimid-funktionaliserade molekyler till ett protein som innehåller en enda cysteinrest med användning av reaktionen mellan en Ru (II) -baserade kromofor och redox-proteinet cytokrom c som ett exempel. Detta protokoll är lika tillämpbar på de flesta andra proteiner som innehåller en tillgänglig yta cysteinrest och motsvarande maleimid-funktionaliserad mål, vare sig det ett annat protein, ett fluorescerande färgämne, en kromofor eller en syntetisk polymer.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="913">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium dihydrogen phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71496</td>
			<td style="width:263px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">71691</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">73575</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">cytochrome c, from saccaromyces cerevisiae</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">C2436</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">dithiothreitol</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">43819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">TSKgel SP-5PW</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Tosoh SP-5PW, 07161</td>
			<td>3.3 mL strong cation exchange column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Amicon Ultra-15&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">UFC900308</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa spin filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Slide-A-Lyzer mini dialysis units</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">66333</td>
			<td>3.5 kDa dialysis cassetes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Ru(II) bisterpyridine maleimide</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Lab made</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>see ref (14)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">acetonitrile</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">A3396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">03609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">93284</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">imidazole</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">56749</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">nickel acetate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">244066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">AcroSep IMAC Hypercell column</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">via VWR: 569-1008</td>
			<td>1 mL IMAC column</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron cellulose membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Whatman</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Z697958</td>
			<td>47 mm filter for buffers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">0.2 micron PVDF membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">SLGV013SL</td>
			<td>syringe filters for proteins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">84426</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">caffeic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">60018</td>
			<td>MALDI matrix</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">trifluoroacetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">91707</td>
			<td>extremely corrosive! Use caution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SimplyBlue SafeStain</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC6060</td>
			<td>Coomassie blue solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Novex 12% Bis-Tris Gel</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0342BOX</td>
			<td>precast protein gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">SeeBlue Plus2 Pre-stained Protein Standard</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">LC5925</td>
			<td>premade protein ladder</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer (4X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0008</td>
			<td>premade gel sample buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE Sample Reducing Agent (10X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0004</td>
			<td>premade gel reducing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">NuPAGE MES SDS Running Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">NP0002</td>
			<td>premade gel running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Voyager DE STR MALDI reflectron TOF MS</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Applied Biosystems</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Acta FPLC</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">GE</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Cary 50 Bio Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Varian-Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>UV-Vis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Milli-Q ultrapure water dispenser</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Merck-Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td>ultrapure water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:304px;">Low volume UV-Vis Cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hellma</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">105-201-15-40</td>
			<td>100 microliter cuvette</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of protein bioconjugates via cysteine-maleimide chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the development of antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) and nanomedicine, fluorescent microscopy and systems chemistry. For many of these applications, specificity of the bioconjugation method used is of prime concern. The Michael addition of maleimides with cysteine(s) on the target proteins is highly selective and proceeds rapidly under mild conditions, making it one of the most popular methods for protein bioconjugation.
We demonstrate here the modification of the only surface-accessible cysteine residue on yeast cytochrome c with a ruthenium(II) bisterpyridine maleimide. The protein bioconjugation is verified by gel electrophoresis and purified by aqueous-based fast protein liquid chromatography in 27% yield of isolated protein material. Structural characterization with MALDI-TOF MS and UV-Vis is then used to verify that the bioconjugation is successful. The protocol shown here is easily applicable to other cysteine - maleimide coupling of proteins to other proteins, dyes, drugs or polymers.

Syntesen av biokonjugat bekräftas av tre primära metoder: Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption lonization Time of Flight-masspektrometri (MALDI-TOF MS), polyakrylamid-gelelektrofores, och ultraviolett ljus-synligt (UV-Vis) spektroskopi, såsom visas i figurerna 2, 3 och 4. En massökning som motsvarar massan av den bifogade liten molekyl, och avsaknaden av en oreagerad protein demonstrerar den framgångsrika kovalenta kopplingen av Ru (II) (ton per år) <s...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Detta protokoll detaljer de viktiga åtgärder som krävs för biokonjugering av en cysteininnehållande protein till en maleimid, inklusive reagens rening, reaktionsbetingelser, biokonjugatet rening och biokonjugatet karakterisering.

Syntesen av protein biokonjugat<em&gt; via</em&gt; Cystein-maleimid Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

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Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

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Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides (CHIPS)

Synthesis of Antiviral Tetrahydrocarbazole Derivatives by Photochemical and Acid-catalyzed C-H Functionalization via Intermediate Peroxides CHIPS

Syntes av Antiviral tetrahydrokarbazol Derivat av Fotokemisk och Syrakatalyserad CH funktion via Mellan peroxider (CHIPS)

The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is an important and long standing goal in organic chemistry. Such transformations can be very powerful in order ...

Synthesis and Characterization of Functionalized Metal-organic Frameworks

Syntes och karakterisering av funktionaliserad metal-organic frame

Metal-organic frameworks have attracted extraordinary amounts of research attention, as they are attractive candidates for numerous industrial and ...

Synthesis and Reaction Chemistry of Nanosize Monosodium Titanate

Syntes och reaktionskemi av nanostorlek Mono Titanate

This paper describes the synthesis and peroxide-modification of nanosize monosodium titanate (nMST), along with an ion-exchange reaction to load the ...

The Preparation and Properties of Thermo-reversibly Cross-linked Rubber Via Diels-Alder Chemistry

Framställningen och egenskaperna av Thermo-reversibelt tvärbundet gummi Via Diels-Alder kemi

A method for using Diels Alder thermo-reversible chemistry as cross-linking tool for rubber products is demonstrated. In this work, a commercial ...

The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

The Synthesis of [Sn10SiSiMe334]2- Using a Metastable SnI Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique

Syntes av [Sn<sub&gt; 10</sub&gt; (Si (SiMe<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 3</sub&gt;)<sub&gt; 4</sub&gt;]<sup&gt; 2</sup<sup&gt; -</sup&gt; Med hjälp av en meta Sn (I) Halide Lösning syntetiseras via en Co-kondensation Technique

The number of well-characterized metalloid tin clusters, synthesized by applying the disproportionation of a metastable Sn(I) halide in the presence of a ...

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Protokoll för fastfassyntesen av oligomerer av RNA innehållande en 2&#39;-<em&gt; O</em&gt; -tiofenylmetylmodifiering och karakterisering via cirkulär dikroism

Solid-phase synthesis has been used to obtain canonical and modified polymers of nucleic acids, specifically of DNA or RNA, which has made it a popular ...

Synthesis of Substrate-Bound Au Nanowires Via an Active Surface Growth Mechanism

Syntesen av substrat-bundna Au nanotrådar Via en aktiv yta tillväxt mekanism

Advancing synthetic capabilities is important for the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanowires has always been a ...

A Rapid Synthesis Method for Au, Pd, and Pt Aerogels Via Direct Solution-Based Reduction

En snabb syntesmetod för Au, Pd och Pt Aerogel Via direkt lösning-baserade reduktion

Here, a method to synthesize gold, palladium, and platinum aerogels via a rapid, direct solution-based reduction is presented. The combination of various ...

Synthesis of Esters Via a Greener Steglich Esterification in Acetonitrile

Syntesen av estrar Via en grönare Steglich Esterification i acetonitril

The Steglich esterification is a widely-used reaction for the synthesis of esters from carboxylic acids and alcohols. While efficient and mild, the ...

Synthesis of Monodisperse Cylindrical Nanoparticles via Crystallization-driven Self-assembly of Biodegradable Block Copolymers

Syntes av monodisperse cylindriska nanopartiklar via kristallisation driven Self-församlingen av biologiskt nedbrytbart block sampolymerer

The production of monodisperse cylindrical micelles is a significant challenge in polymer chemistry. Most cylindrical constructs formed from diblock ...