Name: rearing the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions
Uploaded: 2016-07-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions at JoVE.com

このプロトコルのいくつかの詳細も原稿に役に立つコメントを提供博士アダムドブソン、の助けを借りて最適化しました。この作品は、国立衛生研究所財団（FNIH）認可番号R01GM095372（JMC、A（CN）W、AJD、およびAED）によってサポートされていました。 FNIHグラント番号1F32GM099374-01（PDN）、およびブリガム・ヤング大学のスタートアップ資金（JMC、MLK、MV）。出版費用は、ブリガム・ヤング大学生命科学の大学と植物や野生生物科学科によってサポートされていました。

1.文化の細菌（卵をピッキングする前にスタート〜1週間） <ol><li>修正されたMRS 20（のMMR）プレートおよびブロスチューブ（ 表1）を準備します。各100ミリメートルペトリ皿に寒天20ミリリットルののMMRを注ぎ、/ドライ一夜を冷却することを可能にする、または5ミリリットルののMMRは、18ミリメートルの試験管に培養液。 </li><li>ストリークアセトバクター...

<ol>
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C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Host+as+the+Driver+of+the+Microbiota+in+the+Gut+and+External+Environment+of+Drosophila+melanogaster.">The Host as the Driver of the Microbiota in the Gut and External Environment of Drosophila melanogaster.</a> Appl Environ Microbiol. 81 (18), 6232-6240 (2015).</li><li>Dobson, A. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+immune+homeostasis+by+the+homeobox+gene+caudal+and+commensal-gut+mutualism+in+Drosophila.">Innate immune homeostasis by the homeobox gene caudal and commensal-gut mutualism in Drosophila.</a> Science. 319 (5864), 777-782 (2008).</li><li>Blum, J. E., Fischer, C. N., Miles, J., Handelsman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequent+replenishment+sustains+the+beneficial+microbiome+of+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Frequent replenishment sustains the beneficial microbiome of Drosophila melanogaster.</a> MBio. 4 (6), 00860 (2013).</li><li>Bitner-Mathe, B. C., Klaczko, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasticity+of+Drosophila+melanogaster+wing+morphology:+effects+of+sex,+temperature+and+density.">Plasticity of Drosophila melanogaster wing morphology: effects of sex, temperature and density.</a> Genetica. 105 (2), 203-210 (1999).</li><li>Edward, D. A., Chapman, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sex-specific+effects+of+developmental+environment+on+reproductive+trait+expression+in+Drosophila+melanogaster.">Sex-specific effects of developmental environment on reproductive trait expression in Drosophila melanogaster.</a> Ecol Evol. 2 (7), 1362-1370 (2012).</li><li>Ridley, E. V., Wong, A. C., Westmiller, S., Douglas, A. 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<html>ここで説明する方法は、一緒に無菌大人18,27のシリアル転送または抗生物質治療13,18を含む無菌ハエを、飼育する別の方法で、胚dechorionation 8,11,18,25,26,27のためのいくつかのアプローチの一つです。その他dechorionation方法は、エタノール洗浄を含み、11,25,26を減らすか、8次亜塩素酸塩処理を拡張します。別の洗浄ステップは、異なるフライ遺...

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/t/54219/rearing-fruit-fly-drosophila-melanogaster-under-axenic-gnotobiotic">Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions</a>. The Protocol was updated.
Step 6.1.4.2 of the Protocol was updated from:
If using the 4 species described here, normalize cells to equivalent colony forming unit (CFU)/ml densities (OD600 to CFU conversion determined previously20) using this equation: 
E = ((O-B) x V x D)/C 
where E = volume to resuspend pellet in (&#956;l), O = OD600 bacteria, B = OD600 blank media, D = fold-dilution, V = &#181;l bacterial culture prior to centrifugation, C = OD600 of predetermined constant. See Supplemental Code File for examples of calculations using these equations. For spectrophotometers that automatically blank, use &#34;O&#34; in place of &#34;O-B&#34;. 
Note: The predetermined constants (units OD600, normalized to 107 CFU ml-1, constants derived in20) are as follows: A. tropicalis (0.052), A. pomorum (0.038), L. brevis (0.056), L. plantarum (0.077).
to:
If using the 4 species described here, normalize cells to equivalent colony forming unit (CFU)/ml densities (OD600 to CFU conversion determined previously20) using this equation: 
E = ((O-B) x V x D)/C 
where E = volume to resuspend pellet in (&#956;l), O = OD600 bacteria, B = OD600 blank media, D = fold-dilution, V = &#181;l bacterial culture prior to centrifugation, C = OD600 of predetermined constant. See Supplemental Code File for examples of calculations using these equations. For spectrophotometers that automatically blank, use &#34;O&#34; in place of &#34;O-B&#34;. 
Note: The predetermined constants (units OD600, normalized to 107 CFU ml-1, constants derived in20) are as follows: A. tropicalis (0.053), A. pomorum (0.038), L. brevis (0.077), L. plantarum (0.056).

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/t/54219/rearing-fruit-fly-drosophila-melanogaster-under-axenic-gnotobiotic">Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions</a>. The Protocol was updated.

Erratum: Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

ほとんどの動物は密接誕生から死1に細菌（ &#39;細菌叢&#39;）に関連付けられています。微生物フリー（ &#39;純粋&#39;）および微生物関連（ &#39;従来&#39;）動物の比較は、微生物が代謝、栄養、血管、肝臓、呼吸器系、免疫学、内分泌、および神経機能2を含む動物の健康の多様な側面に影響を示しています。果実はキイロショウジョウバエを飛ぶ微生物3,4の存在下で、これらのプロセスの多くを理解し、動物の健康の5,6上の微生物の影響を研究するための重要なモデルです。いいえ細菌種は、すべての個人（「コア」）に存在しないが、 アセトバクター及びラクトバチルス種が数値的に両方の実験室で飼育し、野生キャッチDの微生物叢を支配しますメラノ 。 （Komagataeibacterとグルコノ含む）その他Acetobacteraceae、Firmi（このような腸球菌およびロイコノストックなど）cutisの複数形、および腸内細菌は、低量のいずれかでショウジョウバエの個体で頻繁に存在している、または多量7-12で不規則に存在します。 ショウジョウバエや哺乳類の微生物叢は、世代14,19内および全体の不定です。微生物叢に依存する特性を測定する際の微生物叢の心変わりは、表現型のノイズにつながることができます。例えば、 ショウジョウバエ 15-18でAcetobacteraceae影響脂質（トリグリセリド）の記憶。 Acetobacteraceaeは、別の19に比べて1つのバイアルのハエで、より豊富である場合は、同質遺伝子ハエは異なる表現型20を持つことができます 。マウス14内細菌叢の心変わりの問題の解決策は、仔マウスに、それぞれの新しい世代（変更されたSchaedler叢）を8優勢微生物種の定義されたコミュニティを導入することで、1960年代から実践してきました各子犬をマウス細菌叢の同じキーメンバーにさらされていることを保証します。微生物叢は、研究32の主要な目標ではなく、実験条件の様々な重要な微生物の存在を確実にするために先例を設定した場合でも、この練習は、細菌叢の組成を制御します。 ショウジョウバエの栄養上の微生物の影響を定義するには、純粋フライラインを導出するためのいくつかのプロトコルは、胚の次亜塩素酸dechorionation（いずれかの派生デノボ各世代または滅菌ダイエットへの転送によって世代的に維持）と抗生物質治療13を含む、開発されてきました。このような抗生物質治療とシリアル転送、 デノボ dechorionationとの交絡変数（ 例えば 、卵の密度、残留汚染する微生物、オフターゲット抗生物質の効果）の対より細かく制御の両方のための使いやすさと迅速性などの異なるアプローチの利点があります。かかわらず、方法の胚を無菌ために、指定された微生物種の準備、導入が定義されている（ &#39;ノトバイオート&#39;）コミュニティとショウジョウバエの文化を可能にします。また、Schaedler叢の使用を模倣し、このコミュニティは、各バイアル中の形質に影響を及ぼす微生物の存在を確保し、細菌叢の心変わりの合併症を回避するために（ステップのみ6-7以下）従来から産卵された卵に接種することができました。ここでは、胚のデノボ dechorionationにより無菌とノトバイオートショウジョウバエを上げるためのプロトコルを記述し、導入や、汚染微生物の分類群の存在を確認するため。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="851">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:259px;">Brewer&#39;s Yeast</td>
			<td style="width:291px;">MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">903312</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=02903312</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>158968-3KG</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/158968?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Agar</td>
			<td>Fisher--Lab Scientific</td>
			<td>fly802010</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/drosophila-agar-8-100mesh-10kg/nc9349177</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Welch&#39;s 100% Grape Juice Concentrate</td>
			<td>Walmart or other grocery store</td>
			<td>9116196</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Welch-s-Frozen-100-Grape-Juice-Concentrate-11.5-oz/10804406</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cage: 32 oz. Translucent Round Deli Container</td>
			<td>Webstaurant Store</td>
			<td>999L5032Y</td>
			<td>http://www.webstaurantstore.com/newspring-delitainer-sd5032y-32-oz-translucent-round-deli-container-24-pack/999L5032Y.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Translucent Round Deli Container Lid</td>
			<td>Webstaurant Store</td>
			<td>999YNL500</td>
			<td>http://www.webstaurantstore.com/newspring-delitainer-ynl500-translucent-round-deli-container-lid-60-pack/999YNL500.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Stock Bottles</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">32-130</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=32-130</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Droso-Plugs</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">49-101</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=49-101</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nylon Mesh</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>57-102&#160;</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/715/?product=57-102</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic Bushing</td>
			<td>Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">100343125</td>
			<td>http://www.homedepot.com/p/Halex-2-1-2-in-Rigid-Insulated-Plastic-Bushing-75225/100343125</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Specimen Cup</td>
			<td>MedSupply Partners</td>
			<td>K01-207067</td>
			<td>http://www.medsupplypartners.com/covidien-specimen-containers.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Repeater M4</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>4982000322</td>
			<td>https://online-shop.eppendorf.us/US-en/Manual-Liquid-Handling-44563/Dispensers--Burettes-44566/Repeater-M4-PF-44619.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">50 ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Laboratory Product Sales</td>
			<td>TR2003</td>
			<td>https://www.lpsinc.com/Catalog4.asp?catalog_nu=TR2003</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Food Boxes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>2316-5001</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=2316-5001</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lysing Matrix D Bulk</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>116540434</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=6540-434&#38;s=Search</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Filter Pipette Tips, 300&#956;l</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1120-9810</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1120-9810</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Laboratory Product Sales</td>
			<td>M089303</td>
			<td>https://www.lpsinc.com/Catalog4.asp?catalog_nu=M089303</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories, INC.</td>
			<td>2701</td>
			<td>http://www.deconlabs.com/products.php?ID=88</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Paintbrush</td>
			<td>Walmart</td>
			<td>5133</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Chenille-Kraft-5133-Acrylic-Handled-Brush-Set-Assorted-Sizes-colors-8-Brushes-set/41446005</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>08-882</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-medium-pointed-forceps-3/p-128693</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Household Bleach (6-8% Hypochlorite)</td>
			<td>Walmart</td>
			<td>550646751</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Clorox-Concentrated-Regular-Bleach-121-fl-oz/21618295</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Universal Peptone</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>20-260</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=20-260</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Yeast Extract</td>
			<td>&#160;Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1422-500</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisher-bioreagents-microbiology-media-additives-yeast-extract-3/bp1422500?matchedCatNo=BP1422500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dipotassium Phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3786-1KG</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=P3786-1KG&#38;interface=All&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium Citrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>25102-500g</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=25102-500g&#38;interface=All&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium Acetate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97061-994</td>
			<td>https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?catalog_number=97061-994</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Magnesium Sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>M63-500</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/magnesium-sulfate-heptahydrate-crystalline-certified-acs-fisher-chemical-3/m63500?matchedCatNo=M63500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Manganese Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>10034-96-5</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=10034-96-5&#38;interface=CAS%20No.&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MRS Powder</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">69966-500G</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/69966?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96 Well Plate Reader</td>
			<td>BioTek (Epoch)&#160;</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>http://www.biotek.com/products/microplate_detection/epoch_microplate_spectrophotometer.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1.7 ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1615-5500</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1615-5500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Filter Pipette Tips, 1000&#956;l</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1122-1830</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1122-1830</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96 Well Plates</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>655101</td>
			<td>https://shop.gbo.com/en/usa/articles/catalogue/article/0110_0040_0120_0010/13243/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramic Beads</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>6540-434</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=116540434</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tissue Homogenizer</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>116004500</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=116004500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Class 1 BioSafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>Model 1395</td>
			<td>http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/1300-series-class-ii-type-a2-biological-safety-cabinet-packages.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rearing the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions

The influence of microbes on myriad animal traits and behaviors has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model for understanding microbial interactions with animal hosts, facilitated by approaches to rear large sample sizes of Drosophila under microorganism-free (axenic) conditions, or with defined microbial communities (gnotobiotic). This work outlines a method for collection of Drosophila embryos, hypochlorite dechorionation and sterilization, and transfer to sterile diet. Sterilized embryos are transferred to sterile diet in 50 ml centrifuge tubes, and developing larvae and adults remain free of any exogenous microbes until the vials are opened. Alternatively, flies with a defined microbiota can be reared by inoculating sterile diet and embryos with microbial species of interest. We describe the introduction of 4 bacterial species to establish a representative gnotobiotic microbiota in Drosophila. Finally, we describe approaches for confirming bacterial community composition, including testing if axenic Drosophila remain bacteria-free into adulthood.

無菌ハエの成功飼育は、Dの全身homogenizationsからなしのCFUの単離により確認されていますショウジョウバエ大人（ 図1）。また、メッキホモジネート利回りコロニー場合、バイアルが汚染され、廃棄されるべきです。ノトバイオートハエ、4つの細菌単離物の各々は、成体ハエ（ 図1）に関連付けられた総生存のCFUの差を示す、5成?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions at JoVE.com

Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

無菌およびノトバイオート条件の下でショウジョウバエを飼育するための方法が提示されています。フライ胚は、次亜塩素酸ナトリウムでdechorionated無菌の食事に無菌的に移し、密閉容器で飼育されています。細菌にダイエットや胚を接種すると、ノトバイオート団体を招き、細菌の存在が全身ショウジョウバエホモジネートをめっきすることによって確認されました。

フルーツフライを飼育<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em&gt;無菌およびノトバイオート条件の下で

The influence of microbes on myriad animal traits and behaviors has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

Assaying Blood Cell Populations of the Drosophila melanogaster Larva

Assaying Blood Cell Populations of the Drosophila melanogaster Larva

の血液細胞集団のアッセイ<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em&gt;幼虫

In vertebrates, hematopoiesis is regulated by inductive microenvironments (niches). Likewise, in the invertebrate model organism&#160;Drosophila ...

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

異種非含有条件下での3次元培養における治療間葉系幹/間質細胞の生産と管理（MSC）スフェロイドプライム

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in bioengineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from multiple adult tissues via ...

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

フルーツフライで免疫染色でステロイド合成器官とそのインタラクティブ臓器を可視化するためのプロトコル<em&gt;キイロショウジョウバエ</em

In multicellular organisms, a small group of cells is endowed with a specialized function in their biogenic activity, inducing a systemic response ...

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

郭清ときのこ体の免疫蛍光染色と大人のショウジョウバエ脳光受容器ニューロン

Nervous system development involves a sequential series of events that are coordinated by several signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Many of the ...

Induction of Endothelial Differentiation in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Under Low Serum Conditions

低血清条件下で心臓前駆細胞の内皮への分化の誘導

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) may have therapeutic potential for cardiac regeneration after injury. In the adult mammalian heart, intrinsic CPCs are ...

Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines

Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines

解凍、養殖、ショウジョウバエ細胞をトウキョウ

There are currently over 160 distinct Drosophila cell lines distributed by the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC). With genome engineering, the ...

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

ショウジョウバエメラメラノガスターにおける内分泌破壊を試験する方法

In recent years there has been growing evidence that all organisms and the environment are exposed to hormone-like chemicals, known as endocrine disruptor ...

Assay for Blood-brain Barrier Integrity in Drosophila melanogaster

Assay for Blood-brain Barrier Integrity in Drosophila melanogaster

ショウジョウバエメラノガスターにおける血液脳関門完全性に関するアッセイ

Proper nervous system development includes the formation of the blood-brain barrier, the diffusion barrier that tightly regulates access to the nervous ...

Efficient Differentiation of Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Feeder-free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions

フィーダーフリーおよび化学的に定義された培養条件下でのヒト多能性幹細胞を用いた後神経節系交感神経ニューロンの効率的な分化

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a powerful tool for disease modeling and the study of human embryonic development in vitro. We previously ...