Name: rearing the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions
Uploaded: 2016-07-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions at JoVE.com

이 프로토콜의 일부 세부 사항은도 원고에 도움이되는 의견을 제공 박사 아담 돕슨의 도움으로 최적화되었다. 이 작품은 국립 보건원에 대한 재단에 의해 지원되었다 (FNIH) 허가 번호 R01GM095372 (JMC, A (CN) W, AJD 및 AED). FNIH 허가 번호 1F32GM099374-01 (PDN), 브리검 영 대학교 시동 기금 (JMC, MLK, MV). 출판 비용은 브리검 영 대학교 생명 과학 대학 식물과 야생 동물 과학 부서에 의해 지원되었다.

1. 문화 박테리아 (시작 ~ 1 주 달걀을 따기 전) <ol><li> 수정 MRS (20) (과 MMR) 접시와 국물 튜브 (표 1)을 준비합니다. 각 100mm 페트리 접시에 한천 20 ㎖의 MMRS을 붓고 / 건조 하룻밤을 냉각 할 수 있도록, 또는 5 ML의 MMRS는 18mm 테스트 튜브로 국물. </li><li> 킬 아세토 pomorum, A. tropicalis, 락토 바실러스 브레비스 및 L. 판 한천과 MMR에 plantarum을. 하룻밤 30 ...

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<html> 여기에 설명 된 방법은 함께 무균 성인 18,27의 시리얼 전송 또는 항생제 치료 13,18 포함 무균 파리, 양육의 대체 방법으로, 배아 dechorionation 8,11,18,25,26,27에 대한 몇 가지 방법 중 하나입니다. 다른 dechorionation 방법은 에탄올 세척을 포함 11,25,26를 줄이거 나 8 차아 염소산 치료를 확장합니다. (에탄올 세척하지 않고) 여기에 설명 된대로 사육 할 때 100 ?...

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/t/54219/rearing-fruit-fly-drosophila-melanogaster-under-axenic-gnotobiotic">Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions</a>. The Protocol was updated.
Step 6.1.4.2 of the Protocol was updated from:
If using the 4 species described here, normalize cells to equivalent colony forming unit (CFU)/ml densities (OD600 to CFU conversion determined previously20) using this equation: 
E = ((O-B) x V x D)/C 
where E = volume to resuspend pellet in (&#956;l), O = OD600 bacteria, B = OD600 blank media, D = fold-dilution, V = &#181;l bacterial culture prior to centrifugation, C = OD600 of predetermined constant. See Supplemental Code File for examples of calculations using these equations. For spectrophotometers that automatically blank, use &#34;O&#34; in place of &#34;O-B&#34;. 
Note: The predetermined constants (units OD600, normalized to 107 CFU ml-1, constants derived in20) are as follows: A. tropicalis (0.052), A. pomorum (0.038), L. brevis (0.056), L. plantarum (0.077).
to:
If using the 4 species described here, normalize cells to equivalent colony forming unit (CFU)/ml densities (OD600 to CFU conversion determined previously20) using this equation: 
E = ((O-B) x V x D)/C 
where E = volume to resuspend pellet in (&#956;l), O = OD600 bacteria, B = OD600 blank media, D = fold-dilution, V = &#181;l bacterial culture prior to centrifugation, C = OD600 of predetermined constant. See Supplemental Code File for examples of calculations using these equations. For spectrophotometers that automatically blank, use &#34;O&#34; in place of &#34;O-B&#34;. 
Note: The predetermined constants (units OD600, normalized to 107 CFU ml-1, constants derived in20) are as follows: A. tropicalis (0.053), A. pomorum (0.038), L. brevis (0.077), L. plantarum (0.056).

An erratum was issued for: <a href="https://www.jove.com/t/54219/rearing-fruit-fly-drosophila-melanogaster-under-axenic-gnotobiotic">Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions</a>. The Protocol was updated.

Erratum: Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

대부분의 동물은 밀접하게 죽음 일에 출생에서 박테리아 ( &#39;미생물&#39;)과 연결되어 있습니다. 미생물이없는 ( &#39;무균&#39;) 및 미생물 관련 ( &#39;기존&#39;) 동물의 비교는 미생물 대사, 영양, 혈관, 간, 호흡기, 면역, 내분비 및 신경 기능이 포함 동물 건강의 다양한 측면을 영향을 보여 주었다. 열매는 초파리 melanogaster의 3,4- 미생물의 존재 하에서 이러한 프로세스의 많은 이해 및 동물 건강에 5,6- 미생물의 영향을 연구하기위한 주요 모델 비행. 어떤 박테리아 종은 모든 개인 ( &#39;코어&#39;)에 존재하지 않지만 아세토 및 락토 바실러스 종은 수치 모두 실험실 사육 및 야생 잡은 D.의 미생물을 지배 melanogaster의. Acetobacteraceae, Firmi (Komagataeibacter 및 글루 포함) 기타및 장내 세균 (예 : 엔테로 및 로이코 노 스톡 등) cutes 중 하나 높은 풍부 7-12에서 낮은 풍부에서 초파리 개인에서 자주 본, 또는 불규칙하게 존재한다. 초파리와 포유 동물의 미생물은 내 세대 14,19에 걸쳐 일정하지 않습니다. 미생물에 의존하는 특성을 측정 할 때 미생물의 변덕은 표현형 노이즈가 발생할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, 초파리 15-18에서 Acetobacteraceae 영향 지질 (중성 지방) 저장. Acetobacteraceae 다른 19 이상의 유리 병의 파리에서 더 풍부 경우, 동종 파리는 서로 다른 표현형 (20)를 가질 수있다. 쥐 14 미생물의 변덕의 문제에 대한 해결책은 마우스 새끼로 (Schaedler 식물 변경) 각각의 새로운 세대를 8 지배적 인 미생물 종의 정의 사회를 도입하여, 1960 년대 이후 실제로있다각 강아지가 마우스 미생물 동일한 키 부재에 노출되는 것을 보장한다. 미생물이 연구 (32)의 주 대상이 아니며, 실험 조건의 다양한 키 미생물의 존재를 확인하기 위해 전례를 설정하는 경우에도이 방법은 미생물 조성에 대한 제어합니다. 초파리 영양 미생물의 영향을 정의하려면, 무균 플라이 라인을 도출하기위한 여러 가지 프로토콜은 배아의 차아 염소산 dechorionation (중 파생 드 노보 각 세대 또는 멸균 사료로 전송하여 generationally 유지) 및 항생제 치료 (13)를 포함하여 개발되었다. 항생제 처리 및 시리얼 전송, 드 노보 dechorionation와 교란 변수 (예를 들어, 계란 밀도, 잔류 오염 미생물, 오프 - 타겟 항생제 효과)의 대 더 제어 모두 용이성과 신속성 등 다양한 접근 방법에 장점이있다. 상관없이 방법의배아를 무균하는 특정 미생물 종의 준비, 도입은 정의 ( &#39;무균&#39;) 사회와 초파리의 문화를 허용한다. 또한, Schaedler 식물의 사용을 모방,이 커뮤니티는 각 유리 병의 특성-에 영향을 미치는 미생물의 존재를 확인하고 미생물의 변덕의 합병증을 피하기 위해 (만 단계 6-7 다음) 종래 누워 계란에 접종 할 수있다. 여기에서 우리는 배아의 드 노보 dechorionation에 의해 무균 및 무균 초파리를 제기하기위한 프로토콜을 설명하고 소개 또는 오염 미생물 분류군의 존재를 확인합니다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="851">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:259px;">Brewer&#39;s Yeast</td>
			<td style="width:291px;">MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">903312</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=02903312</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>158968-3KG</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/158968?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Agar</td>
			<td>Fisher--Lab Scientific</td>
			<td>fly802010</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/drosophila-agar-8-100mesh-10kg/nc9349177</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Welch&#39;s 100% Grape Juice Concentrate</td>
			<td>Walmart or other grocery store</td>
			<td>9116196</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Welch-s-Frozen-100-Grape-Juice-Concentrate-11.5-oz/10804406</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cage: 32 oz. Translucent Round Deli Container</td>
			<td>Webstaurant Store</td>
			<td>999L5032Y</td>
			<td>http://www.webstaurantstore.com/newspring-delitainer-sd5032y-32-oz-translucent-round-deli-container-24-pack/999L5032Y.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Translucent Round Deli Container Lid</td>
			<td>Webstaurant Store</td>
			<td>999YNL500</td>
			<td>http://www.webstaurantstore.com/newspring-delitainer-ynl500-translucent-round-deli-container-lid-60-pack/999YNL500.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Stock Bottles</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">32-130</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=32-130</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Droso-Plugs</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">49-101</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=49-101</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Nylon Mesh</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>57-102&#160;</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/715/?product=57-102</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Plastic Bushing</td>
			<td>Home Depot</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">100343125</td>
			<td>http://www.homedepot.com/p/Halex-2-1-2-in-Rigid-Insulated-Plastic-Bushing-75225/100343125</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Specimen Cup</td>
			<td>MedSupply Partners</td>
			<td>K01-207067</td>
			<td>http://www.medsupplypartners.com/covidien-specimen-containers.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Repeater M4</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>4982000322</td>
			<td>https://online-shop.eppendorf.us/US-en/Manual-Liquid-Handling-44563/Dispensers--Burettes-44566/Repeater-M4-PF-44619.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">50 ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>Laboratory Product Sales</td>
			<td>TR2003</td>
			<td>https://www.lpsinc.com/Catalog4.asp?catalog_nu=TR2003</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Food Boxes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>2316-5001</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=2316-5001</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Lysing Matrix D Bulk</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>116540434</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/search.php?q=6540-434&#38;s=Search</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Filter Pipette Tips, 300&#956;l</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1120-9810</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1120-9810</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Petri Dishes</td>
			<td>Laboratory Product Sales</td>
			<td>M089303</td>
			<td>https://www.lpsinc.com/Catalog4.asp?catalog_nu=M089303</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories, INC.</td>
			<td>2701</td>
			<td>http://www.deconlabs.com/products.php?ID=88</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Paintbrush</td>
			<td>Walmart</td>
			<td>5133</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Chenille-Kraft-5133-Acrylic-Handled-Brush-Set-Assorted-Sizes-colors-8-Brushes-set/41446005</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Forceps</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>08-882</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisherbrand-medium-pointed-forceps-3/p-128693</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Household Bleach (6-8% Hypochlorite)</td>
			<td>Walmart</td>
			<td>550646751</td>
			<td>http://www.walmart.com/ip/Clorox-Concentrated-Regular-Bleach-121-fl-oz/21618295</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Universal Peptone</td>
			<td>Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td>20-260</td>
			<td>https://geneseesci.com/shop-online/product-details/?product=20-260</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Yeast Extract</td>
			<td>&#160;Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP1422-500</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/fisher-bioreagents-microbiology-media-additives-yeast-extract-3/bp1422500?matchedCatNo=BP1422500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dipotassium Phosphate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3786-1KG</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=P3786-1KG&#38;interface=All&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium Citrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>25102-500g</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=25102-500g&#38;interface=All&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium Acetate</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>97061-994</td>
			<td>https://us.vwr.com/store/catalog/product.jsp?catalog_number=97061-994</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Magnesium Sulfate</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>M63-500</td>
			<td>https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/magnesium-sulfate-heptahydrate-crystalline-certified-acs-fisher-chemical-3/m63500?matchedCatNo=M63500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Manganese Sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>10034-96-5</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/search?term=10034-96-5&#38;interface=CAS%20No.&#38;N=0&#38;mode=match%20partialmax&#38;lang=en&#38;region=US&#38;focus=product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MRS Powder</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:108px;">69966-500G</td>
			<td>http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/sial/69966?lang=en&#38;region=US</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96 Well Plate Reader</td>
			<td>BioTek (Epoch)&#160;</td>
			<td>NA</td>
			<td>http://www.biotek.com/products/microplate_detection/epoch_microplate_spectrophotometer.html</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1.7 ml Centrifuge Tubes</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1615-5500</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1615-5500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Filter Pipette Tips, 1000&#956;l</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1122-1830</td>
			<td>http://www.usascientific.com/search.aspx?find=1122-1830</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">96 Well Plates</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>655101</td>
			<td>https://shop.gbo.com/en/usa/articles/catalogue/article/0110_0040_0120_0010/13243/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ceramic Beads</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>6540-434</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=116540434</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tissue Homogenizer</td>
			<td>MP Biomedicals, LLC.</td>
			<td>116004500</td>
			<td>http://www.mpbio.com/product.php?pid=116004500</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Class 1 BioSafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td>Model 1395</td>
			<td>http://www.thermoscientific.com/en/product/1300-series-class-ii-type-a2-biological-safety-cabinet-packages.html</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rearing the fruit fly drosophila melanogaster under axenic and gnotobiotic conditions

The influence of microbes on myriad animal traits and behaviors has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model for understanding microbial interactions with animal hosts, facilitated by approaches to rear large sample sizes of Drosophila under microorganism-free (axenic) conditions, or with defined microbial communities (gnotobiotic). This work outlines a method for collection of Drosophila embryos, hypochlorite dechorionation and sterilization, and transfer to sterile diet. Sterilized embryos are transferred to sterile diet in 50 ml centrifuge tubes, and developing larvae and adults remain free of any exogenous microbes until the vials are opened. Alternatively, flies with a defined microbiota can be reared by inoculating sterile diet and embryos with microbial species of interest. We describe the introduction of 4 bacterial species to establish a representative gnotobiotic microbiota in Drosophila. Finally, we describe approaches for confirming bacterial community composition, including testing if axenic Drosophila remain bacteria-free into adulthood.

무균 파리의 성공적인 양육은 D.의 전신 homogenizations에서 더 CFUs의 분리에 의해 확인 melanogaster의 성인 (그림 1). 도금 균질가 식민지를 산출하는 경우 또는, 유리 병은 오염 및 폐기해야합니다. 무균 파리를 들어, 네 개의 박테리아 균주의 각은 성인 파리 (그림 1)과 관련된 총 가능한 CFUs의 차이를 보여, 5 성인 남성의 풀에서 분리 하였?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions at JoVE.com

Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

무균 및 무균 조건에서 초파리 melanogaster의를 양육하는 방법이 제공된다. 플라이 배아는, 차아 염소산 나트륨에 dechorionated 멸균 다이어트에 무균 적으로 전송하고, 밀폐 용기에 양육된다. 박테리아와식이 요법과 배아를 접종은 무균 협회에 이르게하고, 세균의 존재는 전신 초파리 균질 도금에 의해 확인된다.

과일 비행을 양육<em&gt; 노랑 초파리</em&gt; 무균 및 무균 조건에서

The influence of microbes on myriad animal traits and behaviors has been increasingly recognized in recent years. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Rearing the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster Under Axenic and Gnotobiotic Conditions

Assaying Blood Cell Populations of the Drosophila melanogaster Larva

Assaying Blood Cell Populations of the Drosophila melanogaster Larva

의 시금 혈액 세포 집단<em&gt; 초파리</em&gt; 유충

In vertebrates, hematopoiesis is regulated by inductive microenvironments (niches). Likewise, in the invertebrate model organism&#160;Drosophila ...

연구

발생학

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell (MSC) Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

Production and Administration of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell MSC Spheroids Primed in 3-D Cultures Under Xeno-free Conditions

제노없는 조건에서 3-D 문화의 생산과 치료 중간 엽 줄기의 관리 / 기질 세포 (MSC) 타원체 뇌관

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) hold great promise in bioengineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs can be isolated from multiple adult tissues via ...

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Protocols for Visualizing Steroidogenic Organs and Their Interactive Organs with Immunostaining in the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

과일 플라이의 면역 염색과 Steroidogenic 기관 및 그들의 상호 작용하는 장기를 시각화하기위한 프로토콜<em&gt; 노랑 초파리</em

In multicellular organisms, a small group of cells is endowed with a specialized function in their biogenic activity, inducing a systemic response ...

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

Dissection and Immunofluorescent Staining of Mushroom Body and Photoreceptor Neurons in Adult Drosophila melanogaster Brains

해 부 및 Immunofluorescent 얼룩의 버섯 몸과 성인 초파리 melanogaster 두뇌 신경 세포 포토 리셉터

Nervous system development involves a sequential series of events that are coordinated by several signaling pathways and regulatory networks. Many of the ...

Induction of Endothelial Differentiation in Cardiac Progenitor Cells Under Low Serum Conditions

낮은 혈 청 조건 하에서 심장 조상 세포에서 내 피 분화의 유도

Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) may have therapeutic potential for cardiac regeneration after injury. In the adult mammalian heart, intrinsic CPCs are ...

Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines

Thawing, Culturing, and Cryopreserving Drosophila Cell Lines

녹고, 경작, 그리고 초파리 셀 라인 Cryopreserving

There are currently over 160 distinct Drosophila cell lines distributed by the Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC). With genome engineering, the ...

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

Methods to Test Endocrine Disruption in Drosophila melanogaster

초파리 멜라노가스터에서 내분비 장애를 테스트하는 방법

In recent years there has been growing evidence that all organisms and the environment are exposed to hormone-like chemicals, known as endocrine disruptor ...

Assay for Blood-brain Barrier Integrity in Drosophila melanogaster

Assay for Blood-brain Barrier Integrity in Drosophila melanogaster

초파리 멜라노가스터의 혈액-뇌 장벽 무결성에 대한 분석

Proper nervous system development includes the formation of the blood-brain barrier, the diffusion barrier that tightly regulates access to the nervous ...

Efficient Differentiation of Postganglionic Sympathetic Neurons using Human Pluripotent Stem Cells under Feeder-free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions

피더가 없고 화학적으로 정의된 배양 조건 하에서 인간 다능성 줄기 세포를 사용하여 후갱이온 교감 뉴런의 효율적인 분화

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have become a powerful tool for disease modeling and the study of human embryonic development in vitro. We previously ...