Name: use of a battery of chemical and ecotoxicological methods for the assessment of the efficacy of wastewater treatment processes to remove estrogenic potency
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Projects presented in this paper were funded by Severn Trent Water and Brunel University London. The authors would like to thank Alan Henshaw and John Churchley for providing field and laboratory assistance. T.J.C. thanks the Heinz Endowments for support. M.R.M. thanks the Steinbrenner Institute for a Steinbrenner Doctoral Fellowship and Carnegie Mellon University for a Presidential Fellowship.

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The authors have nothing to disclose.

Опасения по поводу негативных последствий эндокринных нарушений соединений на диких животных в области репродуктивного здоровья привело к Европейскому Союзу разместить два эстрогенные вещества (эстрадиола и этинилэстрадиола) на &quot;смотреть&quot; список в соответствии с Рамочной директивой по воде (ВРД). EDC охватывают различные химические классы, в том числе природных и синтетических стероидных эстрогенов, лекарственных препаратов, пестицидов и промышленных химических веществ и компонентов потребительских товаров с известными отрицательными последствиями для дикой природы. Некоторые из этих соединений могут оказать воздействие на здоровье человека 1. Исследования показали , что сточные воды из очистных сооружений являются эстрогенных рыбу 2 и , как следствие многие принимающие воды также эстрогенный для рыб 3. Это было впервые продемонстрировано с помощью национальных обследований в Соединенном Королевстве , которые показали увеличение концентрации вителлогенина (женский специфический предшественник желток белка 4) в крови дикого самца рыбы и высокого давлвалентность интерсекса (развивающиеся яйца и / или женских половых протоков в семенниках самцов рыбы) в обычно gonochoristic видов рыб 5,6. Обычная очистка сточных вод обычно представляет собой процесс, состоящий из трех стадий предварительного скрининга с последующей первичной и вторичной обработки, которая удаляет как растворенного и взвешенного органического вещества. Эффективность удаления отдельных EDC зависит от физико-химических свойств веществ и от эффективности процесса лечения применяется. Для многих удаления EDC посредством адсорбции и биологической деградации может быть значительным, но неполным. Доочистка, такие как фильтрация песка, может быть эффективным при увеличении удаление EDC 7 , тогда как доочистку с использованием передовых окисления (например озона) или активированный уголь может быть эффективным для достижения почти полного удаления 7. Оценка любой новой технологии для очистки сточных вод девичествеDS, чтобы определить эффективность предлагаемого процесса в удалении EDC. Батарея тестов, в том числе целевого химического анализа наряду тестирования экотоксикологии, используя в естественных условиях и в пробирке биопроб, предоставляет исчерпывающие данные для этой цели. Хотя очень полезно для целей регулирования, целевой химический анализ может предоставить только данные о соединениях (и специфических метаболитов) мониторинг. Биотесты дополнительно позволит &quot;обнаружения&quot; побочных эффектов метаболитов и обработки генерируемых трансформации сточных вод побочных продуктов , которые иначе были бы неопознанного 8,9. В данной статье описывается использование батареи химических и экотоксичности лабораторных анализов для оценки эффективности ряда развитых и развивающихся процессов очистки сточных вод в удалении эстрогенной потенцию нефти и очищенных сточных вод и получения воды.

use of a battery of chemical and ecotoxicological methods for the assessment of the efficacy of wastewater treatment processes to remove estrogenic potency

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds pose a substantial risk to the aquatic environment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estrone (E1) have recently been included in a watch list of environmental pollutants under the European Water Framework Directive. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are major contributors to the estrogenic potency of surface waters. Much of the estrogenic potency of wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents can be attributed to the discharge of steroid estrogens including estradiol (E2), EE2 and E1 due to incomplete removal of these substances at the treatment plant. An evaluation of the efficacy of wastewater treatment processes requires the quantitative determination of individual substances most often undertaken using chemical analysis methods. Most frequently used methods include Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS/MS) or Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS/MS) using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Although very useful for regulatory purposes, targeted chemical analysis can only provide data on the compounds (and specific metabolites) monitored. Ecotoxicology methods additionally ensure that any by-products produced or unknown estrogenic compounds present are also assessed via measurement of their biological activity. A number of in vitro bioassays including the Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES) are available to measure the estrogenic activity of wastewater samples. Chemical analysis in conjunction with in vivo and in vitro bioassays provides a useful toolbox for assessment of the efficacy and suitability of wastewater treatment processes with respect to estrogenic endocrine disrupting compounds. This paper utilizes a battery of chemical and ecotoxicology tests to assess conventional, advanced and emerging wastewater treatment processes in laboratory and field studies.

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Use of a Battery of Chemical and Ecotoxicological Methods for the Assessment of the Efficacy of Wastewater Treatment Processes to Remove Estrogenic Potency

Эндокринные срыве соединения (EDC) представляют значительную опасность для водной среды. Муниципальные очистные сооружения являются основными причинами эстрогенного активности поверхностных вод. Методология представлена ​​в данной работе позволяет провести оценку эффективности и пригодности процессов очистки сточных вод в отношении удаления EDC.

Использование батареи химических и экотоксикологических методов для оценки эффективности процессов очистки сточных вод для удаления эстрогенной потенси

Endocrine Disrupting Compounds pose a substantial risk to the aquatic environment. Ethinylestradiol (EE2) and estrone (E1) have recently been included in ...

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Development of New Methods for Quantifying Fish Density Using Underwater Stereo-video Tools

Разработка новых методов для количественной оценки плотности рыбы с помощью подводного стерео видео инструменты

The use of video camera systems in ecological studies of fish continues to gain traction as a viable, non-extractive method of measuring fish lengths and ...

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

Протокол для острой и хронической экотоксичности тестирования бирюза Пецилиевые рыбы Nothobranchius furzeri

The killifish Nothobranchius furzeri is an emerging model organism in the field of ecotoxicology and its applicability in acute and chronic ecotoxicity ...

Visualizing Efficacy of Pesticides Against Disease Vector Mosquitoes in the Field

Визуализация эффективность пестицидов против болезнь векторного комаров в области

Efficacy of public health pesticides targeting nuisance and disease-vector insects such as mosquitoes, sand flies, and filth-breeding flies is not uniform ...

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

Состав и распределение анализ биоаэрозоли в различных экологических условиях

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, ...

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans

A High-throughput Assay for the Prediction of Chemical Toxicity by Automated Phenotypic Profiling of Caenorhabditis elegans

Высок объём Assay для прогнозирования химической токсичности путем автоматизированного фенотипические профилирование Caenorhabditis elegans

Applying toxicity testing of chemicals in higher order organisms, such as mice or rats, is time-consuming and expensive, due to their long lifespan and ...