Name: protocol for the direct conversion of murine embryonic fibroblasts into trophoblast stem cells
Uploaded: 2016-07-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Alle mus eksperimenter blev udført i overensstemmelse med den tyske lov af dyrebeskyttelse og efter aftale med godkendelse af de lokale institutionelle dyr pleje udvalg (Landesamt fuer Natur, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz, Nordrhein-Westfalen [godkendelse ID-nummer: AZ 84-02.04.2013 .A428]). 1. Medier Forberedelse <ol><li> Forbered 293T medium: Dulbeccos modificerede Eagle-medium (DMEM), 10% (vol / vol) FBS, L-glutamin (2 mM), natriumpyruvat (1 mM), penicillin / streptomycin (1x). </li><li...

<ol>
	<li>Cambuli, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epigenetic+memory+of+the+first+cell+fate+decision+prevents+complete+ES+cell+reprogramming+into+trophoblast.">Epigenetic memory of the first cell fate decision prevents complete ES cell reprogramming into trophoblast.</a> Nat commun. 5, 5538 (2014).</li><li>Takahashi, K., Yamanaka, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+Pluripotent+Stem+Cells+from+Mouse+Embryonic+and+Adult+Fibroblast+Cultures+by+Defined+Factors.">Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Mouse Embryonic and Adult Fibroblast Cultures by Defined Factors.</a> Cell. 126 (4), 663-676 (2006).</li><li>Kubaczka, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+Induction+of+Trophoblast+Stem+Cells+from+Murine+Fibroblasts.">Direct Induction of Trophoblast Stem Cells from Murine Fibroblasts.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 17 (5), 557-568 (2015).</li><li>Benchetrit, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extensive+Nuclear+Reprogramming+Underlies+Lineage+Conversion+into+Functional+Trophoblast+Stem-like+Cells.">Extensive Nuclear Reprogramming Underlies Lineage Conversion into Functional Trophoblast Stem-like Cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 17 (5), 543-556 (2015).</li><li>Tanaka, S., Kunath, T., Hadjantonakis, A. K., Nagy, A., Rossant, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Promotion+of+trophoblast+stem+cell+proliferation+by+FGF4.">Promotion of trophoblast stem cell proliferation by FGF4.</a> Science. 282 (5396), 2072-2075 (1998).</li><li>Erlebacher, A., Price, K. A., Glimcher, L. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maintenance+of+mouse+trophoblast+stem+cell+proliferation+by+TGF-beta/activin.">Maintenance of mouse trophoblast stem cell proliferation by TGF-beta/activin.</a> Dev Biol. 275 (1), 158-169 (2004).</li><li>Hochedlinger, K., Yamada, Y., Beard, C., Jaenisch, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ectopic+expression+of+Oct-4+blocks+progenitor-cell+differentiation+and+causes+dysplasia+in+epithelial+tissues.">Ectopic expression of Oct-4 blocks progenitor-cell differentiation and causes dysplasia in epithelial tissues.</a> Cell. 121 (3), 465-477 (2005).</li><li>Jozefczuk, J., Drews, K., Adjaye, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+mouse+embryonic+fibroblast+cells+suitable+for+culturing+human+embryonic+and+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">Preparation of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells suitable for culturing human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (64), (2012).</li><li>Maherali, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-efficiency+system+for+the+generation+and+study+of+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cells.">A high-efficiency system for the generation and study of human induced pluripotent stem cells.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 3 (3), 340-345 (2008).</li><li>Gavrilescu, L. C., Van Etten, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Production+of+replication-defective+retrovirus+by+transient+transfection+of+293T+cells.">Production of replication-defective retrovirus by transient transfection of 293T cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (10), e550 (2007).</li><li>Kubaczka, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Derivation+and+Maintenance+of+Murine+Trophoblast+Stem+Cells+under+Defined+Conditions.">Derivation and Maintenance of Murine Trophoblast Stem Cells under Defined Conditions.</a> Stem Cell Rep. 2 (2), 232-242 (2014).</li></ol>

Den 4 faktor (Tfap2c, GATA3, Eomes, ETS2) baseret transdifferentiering protokol præsenteres her giver en pålidelig metode til at generere trofast konverterede iTSCs fra muse embryonale fibroblaster. Endvidere er fremgangsmåden også anvendes til postnatale hale fibroblaster, men med et fald i effektivitet sammenlignet med embryonale fibroblaster 3. Generelt kvaliteten af ​​primære fibroblaster er bør tages en kritisk faktor transdifferentiering udfald og omsorg til at bruge tidlige passage-celler (pa...

For nylig er en undersøgelse, der sammenligner flere tilgange af muse embryonale stamceller til trofoblasten stamceller konvertering viste, at i alle undersøgte systemer, afstamning konvertering forblev ufuldstændig. I stedet for inducerede trofoblast stamceller (iTSCs) såkaldte trophoblast stamcelle-lignende celler er blevet genereret bevarer en hukommelse af cellen skæbne oprindelse 1. Her har vi fulgt en anden tilgang af ITSC generation. Svarende til den direkte induktion af pluripotente stamceller fra murine embryonale fibroblaster (MEF&#39;er) 2, er iTSCs blevet direkte konverteret fra differentierede somatiske væv. Først identificerede vi 12 ansøgerlande faktorer inducerer TSC skæbne når overudtrykt i MEF. Senere har de faktorer Tfap2c, GATA3, Eomes og ETS2 blevet identificeret til at være nødvendige og tilstrækkelige for ITSC induktion 3. Samtidig anden gruppe uafhængigt fundet Tfap2c, GATA3 og Eomes at være tilstrækkelig til at omdanne MEF&#39;er til iTSCs. I såundersøgelse, er den nødvendige tid til transgen ekspression betydeligt længere sammenlignet med vores undersøgelse, hvilket indikerer forskellige konvertering kinetik, når ETS2 er fraværende fra transdifferentiering cocktail 4. Konventionel føtalt bovint serum (FBS) indeholdende kultur af inducerede og blastocyst afledt trofoblast stamceller er afhængig af tilstedeværelsen af faktorer, der udskilles af vækst-inaktiverede MEF&#39;er 5,6. Under ITSC induktion, er disse faktorer, som MEF&#39;er, som mangler fuld kombination af transgener og ikke undergår transdifferentiering. Men når de enkelte ITSC kolonier er sub-dyrkes, de kræver medier, som er blevet klargjort af vækst-inaktiverede MEF. Derfra kan iTSCs dyrkes og behandles som blastocyst afledt TSC overensstemmelse med standard protokoller. Notatet i modsætning til Tanaka et al. 5, vi rutinemæssigt kultur TSC og iTSCs uden gelatinering cellekultur retter.

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		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:199px;">Doxycycline hyclate</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:101px;">D9891-10G</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Dissolve in sterile PBS, prepare 2 mg/ml stock solution. Store aliquots at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:199px;">Chloroquine diphosphate salt&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C6628-25G</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Prepare 25 mM stock solution in sterile cell culture grade water. Store aliquots at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:199px;">Polybrene (Hexadimethrine bromide)</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>107689-10G</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Prepare 8 mg/ml stock solution in sterile cell culture grade water. Store aliquots at -20&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:199px;">human recombinant Fibroblast Growth Factor 4</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ReliaTech</td>
			<td>300-131L</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Dissolve in sterile 0.1% BSA in PBS, prepare 25 &#181;g/ml stock solution. Store aliquots at -80&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="84">
			<td height="84" style="height:84px;width:199px;">Heparin sodium salt</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H3149-10KU</td>
			<td style="width:180px;">Prepare 1 mg/ml stock solution by dissolving in sterile PBS. Store aliquots at -80&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">ProFection Mammalian Transfection System</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Promega</td>
			<td>E1200</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">PBS, no calcium, no magnesium</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>1419-094</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">DMEM (1x) + GlutaMAX</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31966-021</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">RPMI 1640, no glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31870-025</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Advanced DMEM (1x)</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12491-015</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Trypsin-EDTA (0.05%), phenol red</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Poly-L-lysine</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4707</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30071.03IR</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Surfactant-free cellulose acetate-membrane filter</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Corning</td>
			<td>431220</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Non-essential amino acids</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11140-035</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Penicillin Streptomycin</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">Sodium Pyruvate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>11360-039</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>25030-24</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31350-010</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:199px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), cell culture grade</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Panreac AppliChem GmbH</td>
			<td>A3672,0100</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pLV-tetO-Tfap2c</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>70269</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pLV-tetO-Gata3</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>70270</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pLV-tetO-Eomes</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>70271</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pLV-tetO-Ets2</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>70272</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pLV-tetO-mCherry</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>70273</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">psPAX2</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>12260</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">pMD2.G</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>12259</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:199px;">FUdeltaGW-rtTA&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Addgene</td>
			<td>19780</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;">Mice B6.Cg-Gt(ROSA)26Sortm1(rtTA*M2)Jae/J 7</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">JAX Mice</td>
			<td>6965</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:199px;">129S2SV</td>
			<td style="width:93px;">Charles River</td>
			<td>129</td>
			<td style="width:180px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

protocol for the direct conversion of murine embryonic fibroblasts into trophoblast stem cells

Trofoblasten stamceller (TSC) opstår som følge af den første celle skæbne afgørelse i mammal udvikling. De kan dyrkes in vitro, bevarer evnen til at forny sig selv og til at differentiere til alle undertyper af trofoblasten afstamning, svarende til in vivo stamcellepopulation giver anledning til føtale del af placenta. Derfor TSC tilbyde en unik model til at studere placenta udvikling og embryonale versus ekstra embryonal celle skæbne beslutning in vitro. Fra blastocyst-stadiet og fremefter, en særskilt epigenetisk barriere, der består af DNA methylering og histon modifikationer stramt adskiller begge slægter. Her beskriver vi en protokol til fuldt ud at overvinde denne slægt barriere ved forbigående overekspression af trofoblast vigtige regulatorer Tfap2c, GATA3, Eomes og ETS2 i murine embryonale fibroblaster. De inducerede trofoblast stamceller er i stand til at forny sig selv og er næsten identiske med blastocyst afledte trophoblast stamceller in form af morfologi, markør genekspression og methylering mønster. Funktionel in vitro og in vivo assays bekræfter, at disse celler er i stand til at differentiere langs trofoblasten afstamning generere polyploid trofoblast kæmpeceller og chimerizing placenta når det injiceres i blastocyster. Induktionen af ​​trofoblast stamceller fra somatisk væv åbner nye muligheder for at studere genetiske og epigenetiske egenskaber ved denne ekstra-embryonale afstamning og giver mulighed for at generere trophoblast stamcellelinjer uden at ødelægge den respektive embryo.

På skålen hvor transgen ekspression af 4F aktiveres, celler hurtigt ændre morfologi (sammenlign figur 2A og B). Omkring dag 14 - 21 forskellige transdifferentiated områder emerge (to eksempler er givet i figur 2B og C). Disse primære kolonier mangler typiske TSC morfologi; men når de er sub-dyrkes, karakteristisk epithelmorfologi med stramme kanter og lyse grænser meget minder om bona fide TSC dukker (figur 2D). 4F-iTSCs pletten p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells at JoVE.com

Protocol for the Direct Conversion of Murine Embryonic Fibroblasts into Trophoblast Stem Cells

Here we present a protocol for the direct conversion of murine embryonic fibroblasts into fully functional and stable trophoblast stem cells by ten day over-expression of Tfap2c, Gata3, Eomes and Ets2.

Protokol til direkte omdannelse af murine embryonale fibroblaster i trofoblasten Stamceller

Trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) arise as a consequence of the first cell fate decision in mammalian development. They can be cultured in vitro, retaining ...

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