Name: engineering three-dimensional epithelial tissues embedded within extracellular matrix
Uploaded: 2016-07-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

この作品は、NIH（HL118532、HL120142、CA187692）、デビッド＆ルシール・パッカード財団、カミーユ＆ヘンリードレフュス財団、バロウズからの助成金によって部分的にサポートされていたが、ファンドへようこそ。 ASPは、シャーロットエリザベスプロクター敬語フェローシップによって部分的にサポートされていました。

ソリューションの調製<ol><li>インスリンの5 mg / mlで溶液を調製するには、のdH 2 O（溶媒100ml中に500mgのインスリン）で5 mMの塩酸（HCl）と粉末状のインスリンストックを希釈します。蒸留水100mlに濃塩酸を50μl添加することによって、溶媒100ミリリットル（ の dH 2 O）を準備します。 </li><li> PBSの1×溶液を作製するために、無菌条件下でのdH 2 Oで1Xに10×リン酸緩衝...

<ol>
	<li>Affolter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tube+or+not+tube:+remodeling+epithelial+tissues+by+branching+morphogenesis.">Tube or not tube: remodeling epithelial tissues by branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Cell. 4 (1), 11-18 (2003).</li><li>Zhu, W., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PI3K+signaling+in+the+regulation+of+branching+morphogenesis.">PI3K signaling in the regulation of branching morphogenesis.</a> Biosystems. 109 (3), 403-411 (2012).</li><li>Sternlicht, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Key+stages+in+mammary+gland+development:+the+cues+that+regulate+ductal+branching+morphogenesis.">Key stages in mammary gland development: the cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis.</a> Breast Cancer Res. 8 (1), 201 (2006).</li><li>Fata, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MAPK(ERK-1,2)+pathway+integrates+distinct+and+antagonistic+signals+from+TGFalpha+and+FGF7+in+morphogenesis+of+mouse+mammary+epithelium.">The MAPK(ERK-1,2) pathway integrates distinct and antagonistic signals from TGFalpha and FGF7 in morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelium.</a> Dev Biol. 306 (1), 193-207 (2007).</li><li>Ip, M. M., Darcy, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+mammary+primary+culture+model+systems.">Three-dimensional mammary primary culture model systems.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1 (1), 91-110 (1996).</li><li>Lo, A. T., Mori, H., Mott, J., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constructing+three-dimensional+models+to+study+mammary+gland+branching+morphogenesis+and+functional+differentiation.">Constructing three-dimensional models to study mammary gland branching morphogenesis and functional differentiation.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 17 (2), 103-110 (2012).</li><li>Nelson, C. M., Vanduijn, M. M., Inman, J. L., Fletcher, D. A., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+geometry+determines+sites+of+mammary+branching+morphogenesis+in+organotypic+cultures.">Tissue geometry determines sites of mammary branching morphogenesis in organotypic cultures.</a> Science. 314 (5797), 298-300 (2006).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+patterns+of+mechanical+stress+are+required+for+branching+morphogenesis.">Endogenous patterns of mechanical stress are required for branching morphogenesis.</a> Integr Biol (Camb). 2 (9), 424-434 (2010).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+of+mechanical+strains+and+stresses+around+quiescent+engineered+three-dimensional+epithelial+tissues.">Mapping of mechanical strains and stresses around quiescent engineered three-dimensional epithelial tissues.</a> Biophys J. 103 (1), 152-162 (2012).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Piotrowski, A. S., Varner, V. D., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+tensile+forces+drive+collective+cell+migration+through+three-dimensional+extracellular+matrices.">Dynamic tensile forces drive collective cell migration through three-dimensional extracellular matrices.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 11458 (2015).</li><li>Zhu, W., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PI3K+regulates+branch+initiation+and+extension+of+cultured+mammary+epithelia+via+Akt+and+Rac1+respectively.">PI3K regulates branch initiation and extension of cultured mammary epithelia via Akt and Rac1 respectively.</a> Dev Biol. 379 (2), 235-245 (2013).</li><li>Barcellos-Hoff, M. H., Aggeler, J., Ram, T. G., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+differentiation+and+alveolar+morphogenesis+of+primary+mammary+cultures+on+reconstituted+basement+membrane.">Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane.</a> Development. 105 (2), 223-235 (1989).</li><li>Hirai, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epimorphin+functions+as+a+key+morphoregulator+for+mammary+epithelial+cells.">Epimorphin functions as a key morphoregulator for mammary epithelial cells.</a> J Cell Biol. 140 (1), 159-169 (1998).</li><li>Pavlovich, A. L., Manivannan, S., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+stroma+induces+branching+morphogenesis+of+engineered+epithelial+tubules.">Adipose stroma induces branching morphogenesis of engineered epithelial tubules.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 16 (12), 3719-3726 (2010).</li></ol>

The protocol described above outlines a method to produce identical epithelial tissues of pre-defined shape, enabling spatial control of the mechanical stress experienced by cells in the tissue. An elastomeric mold is used to create cavities in type I collagen that are then filled with epithelial cells and covered with an additional collagen layer such that cells are completely encapsulated in a 3D collagen matrix environment. Further culture of these tissues and treatment with growth factors to induce branching from the...

分枝形態形成として知られている分枝状の上皮組織の発達は、細胞由来の、物理的、及び環境因子によって調節されます。乳腺では、分枝形態形成は、細胞の遊走は、ツリー状のアーキテクチャを作成し、集団導かれ、それを通して反復的なプロセスです。最初のステップは、分岐開始および伸長1,2に続いて、乳管からの一次芽形成です。周囲の間質への枝の浸潤は思春期でのステロイドホルモンの全身放出によって誘発されます。新しいプライマリ芽は、既存の枝の末端から開始し、このプロセスは、上皮ツリー3を作成し続けています。多くの重要な生化学的シグナルが同定されているが、この複雑な発達過程を導く細胞生物学的メカニズムの包括的な理解が現在欠如しています。また、特定の手がかりの影響に関するメカニズムの研究はexperiから解体することは困難ですin vivoでのメントは、などの正確な時空間摂動および測定がしばしば可能ではありません。 例えば全器官培養、プライマリオルガノイド、および細胞培養モデルとして3次元（3D）培養技術は、体系的に組織形態形成4-6のメカニズムを調査するための有用なツールです。これらには、移動、増殖、および分化を含む細胞挙動の様々な、このような機械的な力および生化学的信号として、個別に特定の因子の影響を決定するために特に有用である。6操作された細胞培養モデル、特に、容易に摂動を可能にします個々の細胞とその微小環境の。 そのような培養モデルは、一貫して再現性Aで誘導された場合、まとめ移行枝を形成する制御3D構造を持つモデル乳腺上皮組織を操作するための微細加工ベースのアプローチを使用していますppropriate成長因子。モデルの主な利点は、正確に操作し、このような高い統計的信頼と機械的ストレスのパターン、などの物理的および生化学的因子の効果を測定する能力です。この技術は、一緒に計算モデルと、既に乳房上皮組織の正常な発達および他方の分岐上皮7-11の指導における物理的および生化学的シグナルの相対的な寄与を決定するために使用されています。ここに提示することは、容易に細胞と細胞外マトリックス（ECM）ゲルの他のタイプに拡張することができ、これらのモデル組織を構築するための詳細なプロトコルであり、治療の試験のための潜在的なツールとして機能します。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)</td>
			<td>Ellsworth Adhesives</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDMS curing agent</td>
			<td>Ellsworth Adhesives</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithographically patterned silicon master</td>
			<td>self-made</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic weigh boat</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-732-115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-mm-diameter Petri dishes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>D-2550-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl Alcohol 200 Proof</td>
			<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td>Make a 70% EtOH (v:v) solution by mixing with dH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blade</td>
			<td>American Safety Razor</td>
			<td>620179</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1:1 Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium : Ham&#8217;s F12 Nutrient Mixture (DMEM/F12) (1:1)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30023FS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>S11150H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x Hank&#8217;s balanced salt solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14185-052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I6634-500MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15750-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10X Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP399-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>221465-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine type I collagen (non-pepsinized)</td>
			<td>Koken</td>
			<td>IAC-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin from bovine serum (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-7906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved stainless steel tweezers</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35-mm-diameter tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>T-2881-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>C-3394-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL Eppendorf Safe-Lock Tube</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1615-5500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Circular #1 glass coverslips, 15-mm in diameter</td>
			<td>Bellco Glass Inc.</td>
			<td>Special order</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% 1X Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>100503-916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>N9300260</td>
			<td>Detergent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HGF</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H 9661</td>
			<td>Resuspended in dH2O at 50 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-mouse FAK antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AMO0672</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit Alexa 488 antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adobe Photoshop</td>
			<td>Adobe</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for color-coding pixel frequency maps.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI (ImageJ)</td>
			<td>NIH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Free image analysis software used for thresholding, registering, and overlaying images to create a pixel frequency map. The StackReg plugin was used for registering binary images.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

engineering three-dimensional epithelial tissues embedded within extracellular matrix

The architecture of branched organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and mammary glands arises through the developmental process of branching morphogenesis, which is regulated by a variety of soluble and physical signals in the microenvironment. Described here is a method created to study the process of branching morphogenesis by forming engineered three-dimensional (3D) epithelial tissues of defined shape and size that are completely embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). This method enables the formation of arrays of identical tissues and enables the control of a variety of environmental factors, including tissue geometry, spacing, and ECM composition. This method can also be combined with widely used techniques such as traction force microscopy (TFM) to gain more information about the interactions between cells and their surrounding ECM. The protocol can be used to investigate a variety of cell and tissue processes beyond branching morphogenesis, including cancer invasion.

乳腺上皮組織の微細化の一般的な概略図 実験作業の流れを概説する微細加工手順の一般的な概略図を図1に示されている。最終的には完全にECMゲル内に埋め込 ​​まれている同一の幾何学的形状及び間隔の上皮組織のアレイです。代表的な実験は、私は4ミリグラム/ mlの濃度でコラーゲンウシ型のゲルで培養EpH4マウス乳?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

この原稿は、細胞外マトリックスに囲まれた定義された幾何学的形状の3次元（3D）上皮組織の均一な配​​列を操作するソフトリソグラフィーベースの技術が記載されています。この方法は、細胞の種類および実験の文脈の多種多様に適していると同一の​​複製のハイスループットスクリーニングを可能にします。

細胞外マトリックス内に埋め込まれたエンジニアリング三次元上皮組織

The architecture of branched organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and mammary glands arises through the developmental process of branching morphogenesis, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

三次元光学分解能光音響顕微鏡

Optical microscopy, providing valuable insights at the cellular and organelle levels, has been widely recognized as an enabling biomedical technology. As ...

Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

導電性インクの平面および三次元印刷

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Live-cell Imaging of Migrating Cells Expressing Fluorescently-tagged Proteins in a Three-dimensional Matrix

三次元マトリックスの蛍光タグ付きタンパク質を発現する遊走細胞の生細胞イメージング

Traditionally, cell migration has been studied on two-dimensional, stiff plastic surfaces. However, during important biological processes such as wound ...

Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

三次元コラーゲンマトリックス内の細胞移動の解析

The ability to migrate is a hallmark of various cell types and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including&#160;embryonic ...

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix (aECM) Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix aECM Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

人工細胞外マトリックス（AECM）タンパク質からの設計と構築<em&gt;エシェリヒア·コリ</em&gt;皮膚組織工学のための

Recombinant technology is a versatile platform to create novel artificial proteins with tunable properties. For the last decade, many artificial proteins ...

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

上皮細胞の再増殖および腎組織の開発のための齧歯類細胞外マトリックスの足場の調製

This protocol details the generation of acellular, yet biofunctional, renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that are useful as small-scale model ...

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

三次元培養細胞遊走を特徴付ける傷の環境

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional PolyÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âµ-caprolactone Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

組織工学的応用の制御可能な形態の三次元 Poly(ε-caprolactone) 足場のエレクトロスピニング記述を溶かす

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

三次元ペプチド足場で哺乳動物の細胞を培養

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an ...

Production of Extracellular Matrix Fibers via Sacrificial Hollow Fiber Membrane Cell Culture

いけにえの中空糸膜細胞培養による細胞外マトリックス繊維の生産

Engineered scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) have driven significant interest in medicine for their potential in expediting wound closure ...