Name: engineering three-dimensional epithelial tissues embedded within extracellular matrix
Uploaded: 2016-07-10T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

이 작품은 NIH (HL118532, HL120142, CA187692), 데이비드 &amp; 루실 패커드 재단, 카밀 &amp; 헨리 드레퓌스 재단과 버로우즈에서 교부금에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었다 기금에 오신 것을 환영합니다. ASP는 샬롯 엘리자베스 프록터 경어 원정대에 의해 부분적으로 지원되었다.

솔루션 1. 준비 <ol><li> 인슐린의 5 ㎎ / ㎖ 용액을 제조 하였다 (용매 100 ㎖에 500 mg의 인슐린) O DH이 5mm의 염산 (HCL)과 분말 인슐린 스톡을 희석. 증류수 100 ㎖로 농축 염산 50 μl를 첨가하여 용매 100 ㎖ (DH 2 O)를 준비한다. </li><li> PBS의 1X 용액을 제조하기 위해, 멸균 조건 하에서 DH 2 O로 배일 10 배 인산 완충 용액 (PBS) 원액을 희석. </li><li> 다음으로, 폴리 디메틸 실록산 (PDMS) ?...

<ol>
	<li>Affolter, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tube+or+not+tube:+remodeling+epithelial+tissues+by+branching+morphogenesis.">Tube or not tube: remodeling epithelial tissues by branching morphogenesis.</a> Dev Cell. 4 (1), 11-18 (2003).</li><li>Zhu, W., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PI3K+signaling+in+the+regulation+of+branching+morphogenesis.">PI3K signaling in the regulation of branching morphogenesis.</a> Biosystems. 109 (3), 403-411 (2012).</li><li>Sternlicht, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Key+stages+in+mammary+gland+development:+the+cues+that+regulate+ductal+branching+morphogenesis.">Key stages in mammary gland development: the cues that regulate ductal branching morphogenesis.</a> Breast Cancer Res. 8 (1), 201 (2006).</li><li>Fata, J. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MAPK(ERK-1,2)+pathway+integrates+distinct+and+antagonistic+signals+from+TGFalpha+and+FGF7+in+morphogenesis+of+mouse+mammary+epithelium.">The MAPK(ERK-1,2) pathway integrates distinct and antagonistic signals from TGFalpha and FGF7 in morphogenesis of mouse mammary epithelium.</a> Dev Biol. 306 (1), 193-207 (2007).</li><li>Ip, M. M., Darcy, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+mammary+primary+culture+model+systems.">Three-dimensional mammary primary culture model systems.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1 (1), 91-110 (1996).</li><li>Lo, A. T., Mori, H., Mott, J., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Constructing+three-dimensional+models+to+study+mammary+gland+branching+morphogenesis+and+functional+differentiation.">Constructing three-dimensional models to study mammary gland branching morphogenesis and functional differentiation.</a> J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 17 (2), 103-110 (2012).</li><li>Nelson, C. M., Vanduijn, M. M., Inman, J. L., Fletcher, D. A., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+geometry+determines+sites+of+mammary+branching+morphogenesis+in+organotypic+cultures.">Tissue geometry determines sites of mammary branching morphogenesis in organotypic cultures.</a> Science. 314 (5797), 298-300 (2006).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endogenous+patterns+of+mechanical+stress+are+required+for+branching+morphogenesis.">Endogenous patterns of mechanical stress are required for branching morphogenesis.</a> Integr Biol (Camb). 2 (9), 424-434 (2010).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mapping+of+mechanical+strains+and+stresses+around+quiescent+engineered+three-dimensional+epithelial+tissues.">Mapping of mechanical strains and stresses around quiescent engineered three-dimensional epithelial tissues.</a> Biophys J. 103 (1), 152-162 (2012).</li><li>Gjorevski, N., Piotrowski, A. S., Varner, V. D., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+tensile+forces+drive+collective+cell+migration+through+three-dimensional+extracellular+matrices.">Dynamic tensile forces drive collective cell migration through three-dimensional extracellular matrices.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 11458 (2015).</li><li>Zhu, W., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PI3K+regulates+branch+initiation+and+extension+of+cultured+mammary+epithelia+via+Akt+and+Rac1+respectively.">PI3K regulates branch initiation and extension of cultured mammary epithelia via Akt and Rac1 respectively.</a> Dev Biol. 379 (2), 235-245 (2013).</li><li>Barcellos-Hoff, M. H., Aggeler, J., Ram, T. G., Bissell, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+differentiation+and+alveolar+morphogenesis+of+primary+mammary+cultures+on+reconstituted+basement+membrane.">Functional differentiation and alveolar morphogenesis of primary mammary cultures on reconstituted basement membrane.</a> Development. 105 (2), 223-235 (1989).</li><li>Hirai, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Epimorphin+functions+as+a+key+morphoregulator+for+mammary+epithelial+cells.">Epimorphin functions as a key morphoregulator for mammary epithelial cells.</a> J Cell Biol. 140 (1), 159-169 (1998).</li><li>Pavlovich, A. L., Manivannan, S., Nelson, C. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipose+stroma+induces+branching+morphogenesis+of+engineered+epithelial+tubules.">Adipose stroma induces branching morphogenesis of engineered epithelial tubules.</a> Tissue Eng Part A. 16 (12), 3719-3726 (2010).</li></ol>

The protocol described above outlines a method to produce identical epithelial tissues of pre-defined shape, enabling spatial control of the mechanical stress experienced by cells in the tissue. An elastomeric mold is used to create cavities in type I collagen that are then filled with epithelial cells and covered with an additional collagen layer such that cells are completely encapsulated in a 3D collagen matrix environment. Further culture of these tissues and treatment with growth factors to induce branching from the...

분지 형태 형성으로 알려진 분 지형 상피 조직의 발달이 세포 유래 물리적 및 환경 인자에 의해 조절된다. 유선에서, 형태 형성을 분기하는 집단 세포 이동이 나무와 같은 구조를 작성하는 가이드를 통해 반복적 인 과정이다. 첫 번째 단계는 분기 개시 신도 1,2- 다음 유관에서 기본 봉오리 형성된다. 주변의 기질에 분기의 침략은 사춘기에서 스테로이드 호르몬의 전신 릴리스에 의해 유도된다. 새 차 싹은 기존 지점의 끝에서 시작하고,이 프로세스는 상피 나무 (3)를 작성하고 있습니다. 많은 중요한 생화학 적 신호가 확인되었지만, 이러한 복잡한 발육 과정은 부족 안내 세포 생물학적 메커니즘의 포괄적 이해. 또한, 특정 단서의 영향에 대한 역학적 연구 체험관에서 해체하기가 어렵습니다생체 내에서 사항은, 같은 정확한 시공간 섭동과 측정은 자주 할 수 없습니다. 이러한 전체 기관 배양 차 organoids 및 세포 배양 모델로서 3 차원 배양 기술은, 체계적 조직 형태 형성 4-6 기본 메커니즘을 연구에 유용한 도구이다. 이러한 이동, 증식 및 분화를 비롯한 세포 다양한 행동에 기계적 힘 생화학 적 신호로서, 각각의 특정 요인의 영향을 결정하는데 특히 유용 할 수있다. 6 설계된 세포 배양 모델 특히 용이 섭동을 사용 각 셀 자신의 미세. 그러한 배양 모델은 A로 유도 할 때 일관성과 재현성 총칭 이전 브랜치를 형성 제어 3D 구조 모델 유방 상피 조직을 설계하는 미세 - 기반 접근 방식을 사용ppropriate 성장 인자. 모델의 주요 이점은 정확하게 조작하고 높은 통계적 신뢰도 기계적 응력 패턴, 물리적 및 생화학 적 요인의 효과를 측정 할 수있다. 이 기술은 함께 전산 모델링 이미 유선 상피 조직 및 다른 지형 7-11 상피의 정상적인 발전이 지침 물리적 및 생화학 적 신호의 상대적 기여도를 결정하는데 사용되었다. 여기서 설명하는 것은 용이 세포 외 기질 (ECM) 겔의 다른 형태로 확장 될 수있는 이러한 모델 조직을 만들기위한 구체적인 프로토콜 및 치료제의 시험을위한 잠재적 수단으로 작용한다.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)</td>
			<td>Ellsworth Adhesives</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PDMS curing agent</td>
			<td>Ellsworth Adhesives</td>
			<td>Sylgard 184</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lithographically patterned silicon master</td>
			<td>self-made</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plastic weigh boat</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-732-115</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>100-mm-diameter Petri dishes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>D-2550-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethyl Alcohol 200 Proof</td>
			<td>Pharmco-Aaper</td>
			<td>111000200</td>
			<td>Make a 70% EtOH (v:v) solution by mixing with dH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Razor blade</td>
			<td>American Safety Razor</td>
			<td>620179</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1:1 Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle&#8217;s Medium : Ham&#8217;s F12 Nutrient Mixture (DMEM/F12) (1:1)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30023FS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Atlanta Biologicals</td>
			<td>S11150H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10x Hank&#8217;s balanced salt solution (HBSS)</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>14185-052</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I6634-500MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamicin</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>15750-060</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10X Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP399-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>221465-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bovine type I collagen (non-pepsinized)</td>
			<td>Koken</td>
			<td>IAC-50</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Albumin from bovine serum (BSA)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A-7906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Curved stainless steel tweezers</td>
			<td>Dumont</td>
			<td>7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>35-mm-diameter tissue culture dishes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>T-2881-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>C-3394-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 mL Eppendorf Safe-Lock Tube</td>
			<td>USA Scientific</td>
			<td>1615-5500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Circular #1 glass coverslips, 15-mm in diameter</td>
			<td>Bellco Glass Inc.</td>
			<td>Special order</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.05% 1X Trypsin-EDTA</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>25300-054</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>100503-916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Triton X-100</td>
			<td>Perkin Elmer</td>
			<td>N9300260</td>
			<td>Detergent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HGF</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>H 9661</td>
			<td>Resuspended in dH2O at 50 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rabbit anti-mouse FAK antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>AMO0672</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat anti-rabbit Alexa 488 antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technologies</td>
			<td>A-11034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Adobe Photoshop</td>
			<td>Adobe</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Used for color-coding pixel frequency maps.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FIJI (ImageJ)</td>
			<td>NIH</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Free image analysis software used for thresholding, registering, and overlaying images to create a pixel frequency map. The StackReg plugin was used for registering binary images.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

engineering three-dimensional epithelial tissues embedded within extracellular matrix

The architecture of branched organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and mammary glands arises through the developmental process of branching morphogenesis, which is regulated by a variety of soluble and physical signals in the microenvironment. Described here is a method created to study the process of branching morphogenesis by forming engineered three-dimensional (3D) epithelial tissues of defined shape and size that are completely embedded within an extracellular matrix (ECM). This method enables the formation of arrays of identical tissues and enables the control of a variety of environmental factors, including tissue geometry, spacing, and ECM composition. This method can also be combined with widely used techniques such as traction force microscopy (TFM) to gain more information about the interactions between cells and their surrounding ECM. The protocol can be used to investigate a variety of cell and tissue processes beyond branching morphogenesis, including cancer invasion.

유방 상피 조직의 미세 일반 회로도 실험적인 작업 흐름을 요약 한 미세 가공 절차의 일반 개략도가도 1에 도시되어있다. 결과적으로 완전히 ECM 겔에 포함되는 동일 형상 및 간격의 상피 조직의 배열이다. 대표적인 실험 I가 4 ㎎ / ㎖의 농도로 소 콜라겐 겔 타입의 배양 EpH4 마우스 유방 상피 세포를 사용한다. 설계 조직의 최?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix at JoVE.com

Engineering Three-dimensional Epithelial Tissues Embedded within Extracellular Matrix

이 원고는 3 차원 (3D)의 균일 한 배열 세포 외 기질에 둘러싸여 정의 형상의 상피 조직을 설계 할 수있는 소프트 리소그래피 기반 기술을 설명합니다. 이 방법은 세포 형태 및 실험 문맥 다양한 의무가 있고 동일한 복제의 높은 처리량의 선별을 허용한다.

세포 외 매트릭스 내에서 임베디드 공학 3 차원 상피 조직

The architecture of branched organs such as the lungs, kidneys, and mammary glands arises through the developmental process of branching morphogenesis, ...

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Bioengineering

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

입체 광학 해상도 Photoacoustic 현미경

Optical microscopy, providing valuable insights at the cellular and organelle levels, has been widely recognized as an enabling biomedical technology. As ...

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Planar and Three-Dimensional Printing of Conductive Inks

전도성 잉크의 평면 및 3 차원 인쇄

Printed electronics rely on low-cost, large-area fabrication routes to create flexible or multidimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and biomedical ...

Live-cell Imaging of Migrating Cells Expressing Fluorescently-tagged Proteins in a Three-dimensional Matrix

3 차원 매트릭스에서 찬란 태그가 추가된 단백질을 표현 마이 그 레이션 전지의 라이브 세포 이미징

Traditionally, cell migration has been studied on two-dimensional, stiff plastic surfaces. However, during important biological processes such as wound ...

Analysis of Cell Migration within a Three-dimensional Collagen Matrix

세 가지 차원 콜라겐 매트릭스 내에서 세포의 이동 분석

The ability to migrate is a hallmark of various cell types and plays a crucial role in several physiological processes, including&#160;embryonic ...

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix (aECM) Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

Design and Construction of Artificial Extracellular Matrix aECM Proteins from Escherichia coli for Skin Tissue Engineering

설계 및 인공 세포 외 기질의 건설 (aECM) 단백질에서<em&gt; 대장균</em&gt; 피부 조직 공학

Recombinant technology is a versatile platform to create novel artificial proteins with tunable properties. For the last decade, many artificial proteins ...

Epithelial Cell Repopulation and Preparation of Rodent Extracellular Matrix Scaffolds for Renal Tissue Development

상피 세포 다시 채우기 및 신장 조직 개발을위한 설치류 세포 외 기질 비계의 준비

This protocol details the generation of acellular, yet biofunctional, renal extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolds that are useful as small-scale model ...

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

Characterizing Cell Migration Within Three-dimensional In Vitro Wound Environments

환경 상처 3 차원 생체 외에서 내 셀 마이그레이션 특성화

Currently, most in vitro models of wound healing, such as well-established scratch assays, involve studying cell migration and wound closure on ...

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional Poly(&#949;-caprolactone) Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

Melt Electrospinning Writing of Three-dimensional PolyÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Âµ-caprolactone Scaffolds with Controllable Morphologies for Tissue Engineering Applications

조직 공학 응용 프로그램에 대 한 제어 형태학과 3 차원 Poly(ε-caprolactone) 장비의 전기 글 녹아

This tutorial reflects on the fundamental principles and guidelines for electrospinning writing with polymer melts, an additive manufacturing technology ...

Culturing Mammalian Cells in Three-dimensional Peptide Scaffolds

3 차원 펩 티 드 건설 기계에 포유류 세포 배양

A useful technique for culturing cells in a self-assembling nanofiber three-dimensional (3D) scaffold is described. This culture system recreates an ...

Production of Extracellular Matrix Fibers via Sacrificial Hollow Fiber Membrane Cell Culture

희생 빈 섬유 막 세포 배양을 통해 기질 섬유의 생산

Engineered scaffolds derived from extracellular matrix (ECM) have driven significant interest in medicine for their potential in expediting wound closure ...