Name: a high-content in vitro pancreatic islet &#946;-cell replication discovery platform
Uploaded: 2016-07-16T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet ÃŽÂ²-cell Replication Discovery Platform at JoVE.com

This work was supported by NIDDK grants DK098143 and DK101530 from the NIH (JPA), Stanford's Spectrum Child Health Research Institute (CHRI) and SPARK (UL1 TR001085, JPA).

Dit protocol werd uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de Institutional Animal Care en gebruik Comite (IACUC) van de Stanford University School of Medicine uitgevoerd. De beschreven protocol wordt opgeschaald voor eilandje isolatie van zes 250-300 g (8-9 weken oude) mannelijke Sprague Dawley-ratten, die voldoende is om 228 putjes van een 384-wells plaat eilandjes celdeling assessment genereren. 1. Materiaal Voorbereiding <ol><li> Bereid coating media voorafgaand aan het initiëren eilandje isolement door...

<ol>
	<li>Butler, A. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta-cell+deficit+and+increased+beta-cell+apoptosis+in+humans+with+type+2+diabetes.">Beta-cell deficit and increased beta-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes.</a> Diabetes. 52 (1), 102-110 (2003).</li><li>Kloppel, G., Lohr, M., Habich, K., Oberholzer, M., Heitz, P. U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Islet+pathology+and+the+pathogenesis+of+type+1+and+type+2+diabetes+mellitus+revisited.">Islet pathology and the pathogenesis of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus revisited.</a> Surv Synth Pathol Res. 4 (2), 110-125 (1985).</li><li>Harlan, D. M., Kenyon, N. S., Korsgren, O., Roep, B. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+advances+and+travails+in+islet+transplantation.">Current advances and travails in islet transplantation.</a> Diabetes. 58 (10), 2175-2184 (2009).</li><li>Nath, D. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Outcomes+of+pancreas+transplants+for+patients+with+type+2+diabetes+mellitus.">Outcomes of pancreas transplants for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</a> Clin Transplant. 19 (6), 792-797 (2005).</li><li>Nichols, R. J., New, C., Annes, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+tissue+sources+for+new+beta+cells.">Adult tissue sources for new beta cells.</a> Transl Res. 163 (4), 418-431 (2014).</li><li>Pagliuca, F. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+functional+human+pancreatic+beta+cells+in+vitro.">Generation of functional human pancreatic beta cells in vitro.</a> Cell. 159 (2), 428-439 (2014).</li><li>Kushner, J. A., MacDonald, P. E., Atkinson, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stem+cells+to+insulin+secreting+cells:+two+steps+forward+and+now+a+time+to+pause.">Stem cells to insulin secreting cells: two steps forward and now a time to pause.</a> Cell Stem Cell. 15 (5), 535-536 (2014).</li><li>Dor, Y., Brown, J., Martinez, O. I., Melton, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adult+pancreatic+beta-cells+are+formed+by+self-duplication+rather+than+stem-cell+differentiation.">Adult pancreatic beta-cells are formed by self-duplication rather than stem-cell differentiation.</a> Nature. 429 (6987), 41-46 (2004).</li><li>Meier, J. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Beta-cell+replication+is+the+primary+mechanism+subserving+the+postnatal+expansion+of+beta-cell+mass+in+humans.">Beta-cell replication is the primary mechanism subserving the postnatal expansion of beta-cell mass in humans.</a> Diabetes. 57 (6), 1584-1594 (2008).</li><li>Chick, W. L., Lauris, V., Flewelling, J. H., Andrews, K. A., Woodruff, J. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+glucose+on+beta+cells+in+pancreatic+monolayer+cultures.">Effects of glucose on beta cells in pancreatic monolayer cultures.</a> Endocrinology. 92 (1), 212-218 (1973).</li><li>Brelje, T. C., Sorenson, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+prolactin+versus+growth+hormone+on+islet+B-cell+proliferation+in+vitro:+implications+for+pregnancy.">Role of prolactin versus growth hormone on islet B-cell proliferation in vitro: implications for pregnancy.</a> Endocrinology. 128 (1), 45-57 (1991).</li><li>Chen, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PDGF+signalling+controls+age-dependent+proliferation+in+pancreatic+beta-cells.">PDGF signalling controls age-dependent proliferation in pancreatic beta-cells.</a> Nature. 478 (7369), 349-355 (2011).</li><li>Liu, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glycogen+synthase+kinase-3+and+mammalian+target+of+rapamycin+pathways+contribute+to+DNA+synthesis,+cell+cycle+progression,+and+proliferation+in+human+islets.">Glycogen synthase kinase-3 and mammalian target of rapamycin pathways contribute to DNA synthesis, cell cycle progression, and proliferation in human islets.</a> Diabetes. 58 (3), 663-672 (2009).</li><li>Metukuri, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ChREBP+mediates+glucose-stimulated+pancreatic+beta-cell+proliferation.">ChREBP mediates glucose-stimulated pancreatic beta-cell proliferation.</a> Diabetes. 61 (8), 2004-2015 (2012).</li><li>Wang, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high-throughput+chemical+screen+reveals+that+harmine-mediated+inhibition+of+DYRK1A+increases+human+pancreatic+beta+cell+replication.">A high-throughput chemical screen reveals that harmine-mediated inhibition of DYRK1A increases human pancreatic beta cell replication.</a> Nat Med. 21 (4), 383-388 (2015).</li><li>Schisler, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stimulation+of+human+and+rat+islet+beta-cell+proliferation+with+retention+of+function+by+the+homeodomain+transcription+factor+Nkx6.1.">Stimulation of human and rat islet beta-cell proliferation with retention of function by the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx6.1.</a> Mol Cell Biol. 28 (10), 3465-3476 (2008).</li><li>Fueger, P. T., Hernandez, A. M., Chen, Y. C., Colvin, E. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Assessing+replication+and+beta+cell+function+in+adenovirally-transduced+isolated+rodent+islets.">Assessing replication and beta cell function in adenovirally-transduced isolated rodent islets.</a> J Vis Exp. (64), (2012).</li><li>Walpita, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+human+islet+cell+culture+system+for+high-throughput+screening.">A human islet cell culture system for high-throughput screening.</a> J Biomol Screen. 17 (4), 509-518 (2012).</li><li>Miyazaki, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Establishment+of+a+pancreatic+beta+cell+line+that+retains+glucose-inducible+insulin+secretion:+special+reference+to+expression+of+glucose+transporter+isoforms.">Establishment of a pancreatic beta cell line that retains glucose-inducible insulin secretion: special reference to expression of glucose transporter isoforms.</a> Endocrinology. 127 (1), 126-132 (1990).</li><li>Song, W. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylation+and+inactivation+of+glycogen+synthase+kinase+3beta+(GSK3beta)+by+dual-specificity+tyrosine+phosphorylation-regulated+kinase+1A+(Dyrk1A).">Phosphorylation and inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) by dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A).</a> J Biol Chem. 290 (4), 2321-2333 (2015).</li><li>Hohmeier, H. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+INS-1-derived+cell+lines+with+robust+ATP-sensitive+K++channel-dependent+and+-independent+glucose-stimulated+insulin+secretion.">Isolation of INS-1-derived cell lines with robust ATP-sensitive K+ channel-dependent and -independent glucose-stimulated insulin secretion.</a> Diabetes. 49 (3), 424-430 (2000).</li><li>Cozar-Castellano, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lessons+from+the+first+comprehensive+molecular+characterization+of+cell+cycle+control+in+rodent+insulinoma+cell+lines.">Lessons from the first comprehensive molecular characterization of cell cycle control in rodent insulinoma cell lines.</a> Diabetes. 57 (11), 3056-3068 (2008).</li><li>Efrat, S., Fusco-DeMane, D., Lemberg, H., aL Emran, O., Wang, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conditional+transformation+of+a+pancreatic+beta-cell+line+derived+from+transgenic+mice+expressing+a+tetracycline-regulated+oncogene.">Conditional transformation of a pancreatic beta-cell line derived from transgenic mice expressing a tetracycline-regulated oncogene.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92 (8), 3576-3580 (1995).</li><li>Wang, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+small-molecule+inducers+of+pancreatic+beta-cell+expansion.">Identification of small-molecule inducers of pancreatic beta-cell expansion.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (5), 1427-1432 (2009).</li><li>Annes, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adenosine+kinase+inhibition+selectively+promotes+rodent+and+porcine+islet+beta-cell+replication.">Adenosine kinase inhibition selectively promotes rodent and porcine islet beta-cell replication.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109 (10), 3915-3920 (2012).</li><li>Zhao, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repurposing+cAMP-modulating+medications+to+promote+beta-cell+replication.">Repurposing cAMP-modulating medications to promote beta-cell replication.</a> Mol Endocrinol. 28 (10), 1682-1697 (2014).</li><li>Chen, C. A., Carolan, P. J., Annes, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+screening+for+secreted+proteins+that+modulate+glucose+handling+identifies+interleukin-6+family+members+as+potent+hypoglycemic+agents.">In vivo screening for secreted proteins that modulate glucose handling identifies interleukin-6 family members as potent hypoglycemic agents.</a> PLoS One. 7 (9), e44600 (2012).</li><li>Izumi, K., Hirao, Y., Hopp, L., Oyasu, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+induction+of+ornithine+decarboxylase+in+urinary+bladder+carcinoma+cells.">In vitro induction of ornithine decarboxylase in urinary bladder carcinoma cells.</a> Cancer Res. 41 (2), 405-409 (1981).</li><li>Serup, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+homeodomain+protein+IPF-1/STF-1+is+expressed+in+a+subset+of+islet+cells+and+promotes+rat+insulin+1+gene+expression+dependent+on+an+intact+E1+helix-loop-helix+factor+binding+site.">The homeodomain protein IPF-1/STF-1 is expressed in a subset of islet cells and promotes rat insulin 1 gene expression dependent on an intact E1 helix-loop-helix factor binding site.</a> Biochem J. 310, 997-1003 (1995).</li><li>Szabat, M., Luciani, D. S., Piret, J. M., Johnson, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Maturation+of+adult+beta-cells+revealed+using+a+Pdx1/insulin+dual-reporter+lentivirus.">Maturation of adult beta-cells revealed using a Pdx1/insulin dual-reporter lentivirus.</a> Endocrinology. 150 (4), 1627-1635 (2009).</li><li>Rieck, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overexpression+of+hepatocyte+nuclear+factor-4alpha+initiates+cell+cycle+entry,+but+is+not+sufficient+to+promote+beta-cell+expansion+in+human+islets.">Overexpression of hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha initiates cell cycle entry, but is not sufficient to promote beta-cell expansion in human islets.</a> Mol Endocrinol. 26 (9), 1590-1602 (2012).</li><li>Wang, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Diabetes+mellitus--advances+and+challenges+in+human+beta-cell+proliferation.">Diabetes mellitus--advances and challenges in human beta-cell proliferation.</a> Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11 (4), 201-212 (2015).</li></ol>

Experimentele methoden voor het bestuderen van de moleculaire pathways dat de groei van β-cel en regeneratie onder controle zijn belangrijke hulpmiddelen voor diabetes onderzoekers. Hierin, een rat-eilandje-based screening platform voor het identificeren en karakteriseren van kleine moleculen stimulatoren van β-cel-replicatie wordt gepresenteerd. Terwijl de meeste aspecten van dit protocol gemakkelijk worden uitgevoerd door ervaren onderzoekers, een paar stappen vereisen bijzondere technie...

Diabetes omvat een verzameling van aandoeningen delen de gemeenschappelijke eindpunt van verstoorde glucose homeostase. Hoewel de pathogene mechanismen van diabetes subtypen worden onderscheiden, delen ze het gevolg van verminderde β-celmassa, bijvoorbeeld, verlies van insulineproductie capaciteit 1,2. Momenteel diabetes behandelingsstrategieën vertrouwen op chronische toediening van exogeen insuline, farmacologische stimulering van insulineproductie of verbetering van de insulinegevoeligheid, en zelden, de transplantatie van pancreaseilandjes of hele alvleesklier 3,4. Helaas, het succes van deze strategieën is van korte duur en / of niet voldoende herhalen de functie van endogene productie van insuline. Ondanks het nut van het ontwikkelen van een werkwijze voor β-celregeneratie te stimuleren, bestaat een dergelijke benadering. Bijgevolg is een belangrijk onderzoek naar diabetes doel is om methoden te ontwikkelen om nieuwe β-cellen te genereren of om endogene β-cell mass 5 uit te breiden </sup&gt;. Hoewel β-celregeneratie uit hernieuwbare bronnen zoals embryonale stamcellen is het bevorderen, veiligheid en efficiëntie betreft maakt het nastreven van alternatieve strategieën, met inbegrip van de uitbreiding van rijpe β-cellen, een prioriteit 6,7. Belangrijk is dat de belangrijkste bron van nieuwe β-cellen in vivo bestaande β-cellen in plaats van gespecialiseerde progenitorcellen 8,9. Hoewel β-cellen blijken beperkte replicatie capaciteit, een kleine toename van β-celmassa hebben (~ 30%) kan voldoende zijn om glucose homeostase te herstellen in vele diabetici. Verder in situ farmacologische stimulering van β-celmassa is een potentieel goedkope en schaalbaar behandelingsstrategie. Hierin a high content werkwijze voor het identificeren en karakteriseren van kleine moleculen die de groei β-cellen stimuleren gepresenteerd. Verscheidene in vitro experimentele werkwijzen kunnen worden gebruikt om genproducten en / of moleculen tha identificerent bevorderen primaire β-cel-replicatie. Vroege inspanningen voor het meten van β-cel-replicatie inductie gebruikt foetale knaagdier alvleesklieren cultuur of intacte geïsoleerde eilandje culturen te meten [3 H] thymidine, BrdU incorporatie of mitotische instanties binnen de aldehyde-thionine of insuline gebeitst bevolking in reactie op de specifieke behandeling voorwaarden 10, 11. Deze in vitro benaderingen en dicht varianten daarvan hebben een aantal beperkingen. Prominente deficiënties omvatten (1) het gebruik van foetale cellen die in tegenstelling tot rijpe β-cellen vertonen een hoge basale β-cel replicatiesnelheid en zijn groei gereguleerd een onderscheidende wijze 12; (2) de persoonlijke aard van de experimentator-afhankelijke berechting van β-cel-replicatie gebeurtenissen; (3) de arbeids- en tijdrovende karakter van de experimentator-afhankelijke tellen van β-cel-replicatie gebeurtenissen vertraagt ​​experimentele throughput; (4) het gebruik van nucleaire inbouw / vlek / verschijning aan replicatie zelfs te identificerents en een niet-overlappende cytoplasmatische vlek β-cellen te identificeren leidt tot onterechte opname van nabij non-β-cel replicatiegebeurtenissen aan P-cellen. Recenter rijpe primaire β-cellen werden gebruikt om het effect van transgene overexpressie alsmede genproduct of samengestelde behandeling op β-celdeling 13-16 beoordelen. Echter, deze studies ook ingeroepen subjectief tellen van replicatie gebeurtenissen, cytoplasma staining- of niet-specifieke methoden voor β-cell identificatie en / of arbeidsintensieve stappen die throughput te beperken, bijvoorbeeld afzonderlijke dia-en beplating van cellen of intacte eilandje paraffine inbedding en 17 verwerking. Met name, een beeld-gebaseerde humane β-celdeling screening methode, vergelijkbaar met de hierin gepresenteerde, is gepubliceerd 18; echter succesvol gebruik van deze assay niet aangetoond en het gebruik van menselijke eilandjes voor primaire screening niet ruim worden fealijk. Een alternatieve strategie voor het identificeren van replicatie-bevorderende stoffen naar groei inductie van β-cellijnen te beoordelen. Initiële inspanningen gebruikt getransformeerde β-cellijnen zoals MIN6 cellen of INS 832/13-cellen 14,19-21. Echter, deze cellijnen demonstreren ongebreidelde groei en dragen weinig gelijkenis met goed gedifferentieerd β-cellen 22. Bijgevolg groei-inductie capaciteit is minimaal, onduidelijke relevantie en soms moeilijk te recapituleren. Een verbeterde strategie cellijn screening maakt gebruik van &quot;reversibel getransformeerde&quot; cellen die groei aangehouden in de afwezigheid van tetracycline (doxycycline) -afhankelijke SV40 T antigen expressie 23,24 zijn. Het is echter onduidelijk of deze cellen terugkeren naar een &quot;normale&quot; β-cel-achtige toestand na verwijdering doxycycline. Helaas, gebruik van deze cellen heeft opgeleverd algemene groeibevorderende stoffen die niet op onmiddellijk nut hebben24. Kortom, het gebruik van cellijnen groeiregulatie van een celtype weergave minimale spontane replicatie -activiteit kan beperkte toepasbaarheid hebben. De β-cel-replicatie screening platform hierin gepresenteerd maakt gebruik van volwassen primaire rat β-cellen te behouden in vivo groei regelgeving voor zover mogelijk, eilandje-celkweken van gemengde cel-type samenstelling om identificatie van-lijn beperkt groeibevorderende activiteiten mogelijk te maken, multi -goed formatteren om de doorvoer en geautomatiseerde analyse te maximaliseren om vertekening te elimineren en de doorvoer te vergemakkelijken. Succesvol gebruik van dit platform is de identificatie van een aantal verbindingen die β-celdeling 25,26 bevorderen ingeschakeld. Daarnaast is de test is gebruikt voor de structuur-activiteit relatie studies en chemische epistasie experimenten om mechanistische inzichten in de moleculaire regulatie van β-cel-replicatie bieden. De gepresenteerde platform is met succes aangepast for lentivirale RNAi-based onderzoek naar β-celdeling trajecten 25. Beperkingen van de test omvatten geblokkeerde schaalbaarheid (gebruik van primaire cellen), gebruik van knaagdier plaats menselijke eilandjes-cellen (hoewel de test kan worden aangepast voor menselijk eilandje studies), kosten in verband met antilichamen gebaseerde beeldvorming en primaire eilandje gebruik, het gebruik van verspreide eilandjes (verstoord eilandje architectuur) om geautomatiseerde image Acquisition en de afhankelijkheid van de beschikbaarheid van een geautomatiseerde microscoop met het verwerven en analyseren vermogen vergemakkelijken. Hoewel een gemakkelijke in vivo screening methode voor het identificeren van genproducten of verbindingen die β-cel regeneratie in situ te stimuleren zou ideaal zijn, zoals een platform is nog niet beschikbaar 27. Bijgevolg is de beschreven platform is geschikt voor onderzoeker geïnteresseerd in het onderzoeken van de meeste aspecten van β-cel-replicatie.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="978">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:364px;">250g male Male Sprague Dawly Rat</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Charles River</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">Stain # 400</td>
			<td style="width:272px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:364px;">12 cm teeth tisuue forceps</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">11021-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">11.5 cm fine scissors</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">14058-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">14.5 cm surgical scissors</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">14001-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">16 cm curved forceps</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">11003-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">12 cm curved hepostat</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">13011-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">12 cm scalpel handle</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">10003-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Tissue sieve-30 mesh</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Bellco Glass</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">1985-85000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Cizyme RI, 375,000 CDA units</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">VitaCyte</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">005-1030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:364px;">Hanks&#39; Balanced Salt solution (Ca++ and Mg++)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">24020-117</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Ketamine HCl (200 mg/20 ml)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">JHP Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">NDC# 42023-113-10</td>
			<td>to make anesthetic cocktail&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Xylazine (5 g/50 ml)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">LLOYD</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">NADA# 139-236</td>
			<td>to make anesthetic cocktail&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Histopaque 1077</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">H-1077</td>
			<td>to make histopaque 1100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Histopaque 1119</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">H-1119</td>
			<td>to make histopaque 1100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Newborn Calf Serum 500 ml</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">SH30118.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Hanks&#39; Balanced Salt solution</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">SH30268.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium/Low Glucose&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">SH30021.01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Functionality/Viability Solution&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Mediatech</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">99-768-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">RPMI1640 media&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Hyclone</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">SH30096.01</td>
			<td>to make conditioned medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">804G rat bladder carcinoma cell-line</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Available upon request</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td>to make conditioned medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Fetal Bovine Serum, Qualified</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">26160</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">GlutaMax-I</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">35050-061</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Penicillin (5,000 IU/ml/Strptomycin (5 mg/ml)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">MP Biomedicals</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">1670049</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Formamide 500 mL</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">BP227-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Antigen Unmasking Solution 250 mL (PH 6.0)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">H-3300</td>
			<td>to make 0.15 M Sodium Sitrate solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Dextrose, Anhydrous</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">EMD Chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">DX0145-1</td>
			<td>to make 1 M glucose solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:364px;">Nomal Donkey Serum (Powder)</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">017-000-121</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">T8787-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Mouse anti-human Ki67 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">556003</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Goat anti-human PDX-1 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">AF2419</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Polyclonal Guinea Pig anti-insulin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Dako</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">2016-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Polyclonal Rabbit anti-glucagon antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Dako</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">2014-06</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Polyclonal Rabbit anti-somatostatin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Dako</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">2011-08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Polyclonal chicken anti-vimentin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">abcam</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">ab24525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Biotin-SP-conjugated, Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">715-065-150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">StreptAvidin, Alex Flour 488 conjugated&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">S32354</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Rhodamine-conjugated Donkey Anti-Goat IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">705-025-147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Rhodamine-conjugated Donkey Anti-Guinea Pig IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">706-025-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Rhodamine-conjugated Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">711-025-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Cy 5-conjugated Donkey Anti-Guinea Pig IgG&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">706-175-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cy 5-conjugated Donkey Anti-Goat IgG</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>705-175-147</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cy 5-conjugated Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td>711-175-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cy 5-conjugated Donkey Anti-Chicken IgG</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">703-175-155</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">S7113</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Disposable Reagent Reservoir 25 mL</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Sorenson BioScience</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">39900</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">384 well, black/clear, tissue culture treated plate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">BD Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">353962</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">96 well, black/clear, tissue culture treated plate</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Costar</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3603</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Multi-channel pipettor</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Costar</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">4880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">12-channel vaccume aspirator</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Drummond</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">3-000-096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Cell Scraper</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:147px;">353085</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">Isotemp Water Bath Model 2223&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:364px;">High-content screening instrument: ArrayScan VTI</td>
			<td style="width:196px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:147px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

a high-content in vitro pancreatic islet &#946;-cell replication discovery platform

Loss of insulin-producing &#946;-cells is a central feature of diabetes. While a variety of potential replacement therapies are being explored, expansion of endogenous insulin-producing pancreatic islet &#946;-cells remains an attractive strategy. &#946;-cells have limited spontaneous regenerative activity; consequently, a crucial research effort is to develop a precise understanding of the molecular pathways that restrain &#946;-cell growth and to identify drugs capable of overcoming these restraints. Herein an automated high-content image-based primary-cell screening method to identify &#946;-cell replication-promoting small molecules is presented. Several, limitations of prior methodologies are surmounted. First, use of primary islet cells rather than an immortalized cell-line maximizes retention of in vivo growth restraints. Second, use of mixed-composition islet-cell cultures rather than a &#946;-cell-line allows identification of both lineage-restricted and general growth stimulators. Third, the technique makes practical the use of primary islets, a limiting resource, through use of a 384-well format. Fourth, detrimental experimental variability associated with erratic islet culture quality is overcome through optimization of isolation, dispersion, plating and culture parameters. Fifth, the difficulties of accurately and consistently measuring the low basal replication rate of islet endocrine-cells are surmounted with optimized immunostaining parameters, automated data acquisition and data analysis; automation simultaneously enhances throughput and limits experimenter bias. Notable limitations of this assay are the use of dispersed islet cultures which disrupts islet architecture, the use of rodent rather than human islets and the inherent limitations of throughput and cost associated with the use of primary cells. Importantly, the strategy is easily adapted for human islet replication studies. This assay is well suited for investigating the mitogenic effect of substances on &#946;-cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate &#946;-cell growth.

Om β-cel of α-cel-replicatie te beoordelen, is een vier kleuren assay protocol vereist. Eerst worden objecten geïdentificeerd met DAPI kleuring (kanaal 1, 386 nm). Vervolgens β-cellen (event 1) worden geteld: objecten die co-express PDX-1 + (kanaal 2, 650 nm) en peri-nucleaire insuline (kanaal 3, 549 nm). Vervolgens replicerende β-cellen (event 2) geteld: P-cellen (event 1) dat co-express Ki-67 (kanaal 4, 485 nm) (figuur 3). Het percentage van het replice...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet ÃŽÂ²-cell Replication Discovery Platform at JoVE.com

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-cell Replication Discovery Platform

Cruciale uitdagingen voor het onderzoeksgebied diabetes zijn de moleculaire mechanismen die eilandje β-cellen replicatie en op werkwijzen voor het stimuleren van β-celregeneratie ontwikkelen begrijpen. Hierin een high-gehalte screening methode voor het identificeren en evalueren van de β-cel-replicatie bevorderende activiteit van kleine moleculen wordt gepresenteerd.

Een High-gehalte<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Eilandjes van Langerhans β-cel Replication Discovery Platform

Loss of insulin-producing &#946;-cells is a central feature of diabetes. While a variety of potential replacement therapies are being explored, expansion ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

A High-content In Vitro Pancreatic Islet &#946;-cell Replication Discovery Platform

A Method for Murine Islet Isolation and Subcapsular Kidney Transplantation

Een methode voor Murine Islet Isolatie en subcapsulaire Niertransplantatie

Since the early pioneering work of Ballinger and Reckard demonstrating that transplantation of islets of Langerhans into diabetic rodents could normalize ...

High Content Screening in Neurodegenerative Diseases

Hoog gehalte Screening bij neurodegeneratieve ziekten

The functional annotation of genomes, construction of molecular networks and novel drug target identification, are important challenges that need to be ...

Surgical Procedures for a Rat Model of Partial Orthotopic Liver Transplantation with Hepatic Arterial Reconstruction

Chirurgische ingrepen voor een Rat Model van deelspoelen orthotope levertransplantatie met hepatische arteriële reconstructie

Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) in rats using a whole or partial graft is an indispensable experimental model for transplantation research, such as ...

Simulating Pancreatic Neuroplasticity: In Vitro Dual-neuron Plasticity Assay

Simulating Pancreatic Neuroplasticity: In Vitro Dual-neuron Plasticity Assay

Simuleren Pancreatic Neuroplasticity:<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Dual-neuron Plasticiteit Assay

Neuroplasticity is an inherent feature of the enteric nervous system and gastrointestinal (GI) innervation under pathological conditions. However, the ...

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxic Stimulation of Brain Microslices as an In vitro Model of Stroke

Excitotoxische Stimulatie van Hersenen Microslices als<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Model van een beroerte

Examining molecular mechanisms involved in neuropathological conditions, such as ischemic stroke, can be difficult when using whole animal systems. As ...

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma (mRCC) in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Modeling Spontaneous Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma mRCC in Mice Following Nephrectomy

Modelleren Spontane gemetastaseerd niercelcarcinoom (mRCC) bij muizen na nefrectomie

One of the key challenges to improved testing of new experimental therapeutics in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the development of models that faithfully ...

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

Leprdb Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes: Pancreatic Islet Isolation and Live-cell 2-Photon Imaging Of Intact Islets

LepR<sup&gt; Db</sup&gt; Mouse Model van Type 2 Diabetes: eilandjes van Langerhans Isolatie en live-cell 2-Photon Imaging van intacte Eilandjes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease affecting 382 million people in 2013, and is expected to rise to 592 million by 2035 1. During the past 2 decades, ...

Studying Pancreatic Cancer Stem Cell Characteristics for Developing New Treatment Strategies

Studeren alvleesklier- Stamcel Kenmerken voor het ontwikkelen van nieuwe behandelingsstrategieën

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) contains a subset of exclusively tumorigenic cancer stem cells (CSCs) which have been shown to drive tumor ...

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

Laser Doppler: A Tool for Measuring Pancreatic Islet Microvascular Vasomotion In Vivo

Laser Doppler: Een instrument voor het meten alvleesklier Islet microvasculaire Vasomotion In Vivo

As a functional status of microcirculation, microvascular vasomotion is important for the delivery of oxygen and nutrients and the removal of carbon ...

Application of End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic Central Pancreatectomy

Toepassing van End-to-end Anastomosis in Robotic centrale Pancreatectomy

Central pancreatectomy is carried out for the treatment of benign or low-malignant potential tumors located in the pancreatic neck or proximal part of ...