Name: preparation and characterization of lipophilic doxorubicin pro-drug micelles
Uploaded: 2016-08-02T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles at JoVE.com

This work was supported by the following grants: NIH-SC3 grant, NSF-PREM grant, Hampton University Faculty Research Grant. We would like to thank Mrs. Michele A. Cochran at Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS) for the use of the particle size analyzer. We would also like to thank Mrs. Corinne R. Ramaley for reviewing the manuscript.

DOX-PA 1. 합성 <ol><li> 독소루비신의 390 밀리그램과 팔 미트 산 히드라 지드 243 mg의 무게를 측정하고, 둥근 바닥 플라스크에 전송할 수 있습니다. </li><li> 유리 주사기와 플라스크에 무수 메탄올 150 ㎖를 추가합니다. 피펫으로 트리 플루오로 아세트산 (TFA)의 39 μl를 추가합니다. 자기 교반기를 사용하여, 어두운 곳에서 실온에서 18 시간 동안 반응 혼합물을 교반 하였다. 비고 : 반응...

<ol>
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본 연구에서 우리는 미셀의 제조를위한 단순한, 신속한 필름 분산 법을 설명한다. 이 방법은, 양친 성 고분자의 자기 조립 특성을 이용한다 (예를 들어 DSPE-PEG)를 수성 환경에서 코어 - 쉘 구조의 미셀을 형성한다. 이 미셀의 제조 방법은 여러 가지 장점을 갖는다. 1. 일반적 리포좀, 나노 입자 및 nanoemulsions. 19 (2)의 제조에 사용되는 (예를 들면 압출 또는 균질화 같은) 복잡한 크기 환?...

화학 요법은 일반적으로 암의 다양한 형태를 치료하는 데 사용됩니다. 모든 경우 대부분은 화학 요법 약물은 더 많은 생명을 위협 조건, 오심, 설사 등의 관리가 작은 조건에 따라 다를 수 독성 부작용이있다. 대부분의 항암제는 독성이 있기 때문에 정상 조직에 대한이 약의 비 선택적 노출은 필연적으로 독성이 발생합니다. 따라서, 선택적으로 암세포에 약물을 전달할 수있는 치료 방법에 대한 중대한 필요성이있다. 항암제의 투여와 함께 또 다른 문제는 가난한 수용성이다. 일반적으로, 가용 화제는 이러한 난 용성 약물을 수립 할 필요가있다. 그러나, 디메틸 설폭 사이드와 같은 대부분의 가용 화제, (DMSO), 크레 모포 EL 및 폴리 솔 베이트 80 (트윈 80) 간 및 신장 독성, 용혈, 급성 과민 반응 및 말초 신경 병증의 원인이 될 수 있습니다. 1 따라서, 안전하고 생체 적합성 제제는 필요하다 가난한 사람들의 임상 사용LY 수용성 항암제. Nanocarriers은 상기 과제에 대한 약물 전달 시스템을 약속한다. 이 nanocarriers는 리포좀,이 나노 입자, 3 미셀, 4-7 고분자 - 약물 접합체, 8, 무기 물질을 포함한다. 9 몇 나노 의학 제품 (예를 들어, Doxil, 아브 락산 및 Genexol)는 암 환자를 치료하기 위해 규제 기관에 의해 승인되었습니다. (10) 고분자 미셀이 성공적으로 항암제의 전달에 사용 된 나노 크기의 약물 전달 담체를 약속한다. 4-7,11,12 전형적인 고분자 미셀은 자기 조립 공정을 통해 양친 성 중합체로부터 제조된다. 코어 - 쉘 구조 고분자 미셀은 친수성 ​​쉘과 소수성 코어를 포함한다. 친수성 쉘은 입체적으로 미셀을 안정화시키고 혈류에서의 순환을 연장 할 수 있습니다. 소수성 코어는 효과적으로 소수성 D를 캡슐화 할 수 있습니다양탄자. 때문에 미셀 (일반적으로 미만 200 ㎚) 및 장기 순환 속성의 작은 크기, 고분자 미셀이 향상 침투성 및 보존 (EPR) 효과 (수동 종양 타겟팅)을 대상으로 종양을 달성 할 것으로 추정된다. 봉입 안정성은 미셀의 능력을 표적 종양 중요하다. 최적 종양 타겟팅을 달성하기 위해, 미셀은 종양 부위에 도달하기 전에 최소 누설 약물이 아직 신속 암세포를 입력 한 후 약물을 방출한다. 제제의 안정성이 제품 개발의 실행 가능성뿐만 아니라 개발 된 제품의 저장 수명을 결정하기 때문에 또한 제제 안정성, 또한, 제품 개발을위한 필수 요건이다. 최근 많은 노력 전달 담체에 약물의 로딩을 개선하려고했다. 친 유성 전구 약물 접근 지질 나노 입자 에멀젼에 약물 로딩을 개선 탐색 된 전략이다. 13,14 접속사약물과 지질의 ugation 크게 자신의 친 유성을 개선하고 nanocarriers의 친 유성 성분의로드 및 보존을 향상시킬 수 있습니다. 여기서는 친 독소루비신 전구 약물로드 미셀을 제조하는 프로토콜을 기술한다. 우선, 친 유성 약물 독소루비신위한 합성 과정을 설명한다. 이어서, 필름 분산 법 마이셀을 생성하는 프로토콜이 도입된다. 이 방법을 성공적으로 이전 연구에서 사용되었다. 5 DSPE-PEG가 성공적 미셀 약물 전달을 위해 사용 되었기 때문에 미셀을 제조하기위한 담체 물질로서 선택 하였다. (15, 16)는 마지막으로, 미셀을 특성화하는 데 사용되는 여러 가지 시험 관내 분석을 서술 제형은 항암 활성을 평가 하였다.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="693">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:216px;">DSPE-PEG2K</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Cordenpharm</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LP-R4-039</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">&#62;95%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Doxorubicin</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">LC Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D-4000</td>
			<td>&#62;99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Palmitic Acid Hydrazide</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">TCI AMERICA&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P000425G</td>
			<td>&#62;98.0%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ACROS Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">610981000</td>
			<td>Anhydrous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methylene chloride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FISHER&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D151-4</td>
			<td>99.90%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Methyl sulfoxide-d6</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ACROS Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC320760075</td>
			<td>NMR solvent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Trifluoroacetic Acid&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ACROS Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC293811000</td>
			<td>99.50%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Silica Gel</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FISHER&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L-7446</td>
			<td>230-400 mesh</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BAKER FLEX TLC PLATES&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">FISHER&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NC9990129</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DPBS</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D8537</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">DU 145&#160; Prostate Cancer Cells</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HTB-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">MTT</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">ACROS Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">158990050</td>
			<td>98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">RPMI 1640 Medium</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">MEDIATECH INC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10041CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Antibiotic-Antimycotic&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:191px;">LIFE TECHNOLOGIES&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15240062</td>
			<td>100x stock solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
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preparation and characterization of lipophilic doxorubicin pro-drug micelles

Micelles have been successfully used for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Amphiphilic polymers form core-shell structured micelles in an aqueous environment through self-assembly. The hydrophobic core of micelles functions as a drug reservoir and encapsulates hydrophobic drugs. The hydrophilic shell prevents the aggregation of micelles and also prolongs their systemic circulation in vivo. In this protocol, we describe a method to synthesize a doxorubicin lipophilic pro-drug, doxorubicin-palmitic acid (DOX-PA), which will enhance drug loading into micelles. A pH-sensitive hydrazone linker was used to conjugate doxorubicin with the lipid, which facilitates the release of free doxorubicin inside cancer cells. Synthesized DOX-PA was purified with a silica gel column using dichloromethane/methanol as the eluent. Purified DOX-PA was analyzed with thin layer chromatography (TLC) and 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H-NMR). A film dispersion method was used to prepare DOX-PA loaded DSPE-PEG micelles. In addition, several methods for characterizing micelle formulations are described, including determination of DOX-PA concentration and encapsulation efficiency, measurement of particle size and distribution, and assessment of in vitro anticancer activities. This protocol provides useful information regarding the preparation and characterization of drug-loaded micelles and thus will facilitate the research and development of novel micelle-based cancer nanomedicines.

그림 1은 DOX-PA의 합성 방식을 보여줍니다. DOX-PA는 pH 민감성 히드라 존 결합을 통해 독소루비신 팔 미트 산의 결합에 의해 합성 하였다. 팔 미트 산 히드라 지드의 약간 과량은 반응의 완료를 용이하게하기 위해 사용되었다. 이 반응에있어서 매우 높은 효율이 독소루비신의 소량은 18 시간 반응 (도 2) 뒤에 남아 있었다. 수율은 약 88 %였다. 반응의 ?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles at JoVE.com

Preparation and Characterization of Lipophilic Doxorubicin Pro-drug Micelles

친 유성 독소루비신 전구 약물의 제조 및 특성화를위한 프로토콜 1,2- distearoyl- SN -glycero -3- phosphoethanolamine- N로드 - [아미노 (폴리에틸렌 글리콜) -2000 (PEG-DSPE) 미셀 설명한다.

친 유성 독소루비신 전구 약물 미셀의 제조 및 특성화

Micelles have been successfully used for the delivery of anticancer drugs. Amphiphilic polymers form core-shell structured micelles in an aqueous ...

The overall goal of this protocol is to describe procedures for preparing and characterizing lipophilic doxorubicin prodrug loaded micell formulations. This method provides a simple and reliable approach for micell formulation. The synthesis of lipophilic prodrug of doxorubicin can enhance drug loading and stability, thus addressing a significant challenge in developing micell formulation.The micell formulation can enhance drug targeting into tumors and therefore can reduce toxicities of cancer treatment. In addition to the application described in this project, this technical can also be used to prepare the nanomedicine for the agents. To synthesize lipophilic doxorubicin prodrug DOX-PA, weigh 390 milligrams of doxorubicin and 243 milligrams of palmitic acid hydrozide, and transfer them to a round bottom flask.Add 150 milliliters of anhydrous methanol to the flask with a glass syringe. Then add 39 microliters of trifluoroacetic acid, or TFA, with a pipette. Using a magnetic stirrer, stir the reaction mixture for 18 hours at room temperature in the dark.To purify DOX-PA using a silica gel column, first remove the solvent in the reaction mixture with a rotary evaporator. Add three grams of silica gel after the volume of the mixture is reduced to around 20 milliliters. Continue rotary evaporation to yield dry powders and to allow the absorption of products onto the silica gel.Keep the sample under a vacuum for an additional 30 minutes after the dry powders are formed. Pack 50 grams of silica gel into a column using dichloromethane as a solvent. Carefully add the silica gel sample containing absorbed product to the column.Elute the column with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol while gradually increasing the percentage of methanol, thereby increasing solvent polarity. Collect fractions of elluent in test tubes at 25 milliliters per tube, and monitor the progress by thin layer chromatography, or TLC. Combine all fractions containing pure DOX-PA and remove the solvent using a rotary evaporator until dry powder is formed.Further dry the product under a vacuum overnight. To prepare micelles, dissolve 40 milligrams of DSPE-PEG and four milligrams of DOX-PA with two milliliters of methanol in a 10 milliliter glass vial. Remove the organic solvent under a vacuum using a rotary evaporator, until a thin film forms in the vial.Next, transfer two milliliters of Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4 to the glass vial. Select an ultrasonic bath that can generate enough ultrasonic power to disperse the thin polymer drug film. The output power of the ultrasonic bath used in this protocol is 110 watts.Place the vial in an ultrasonic bath for three minutes at room temperate to generate micelles. Keep micelles at four degrees Celsius for short term storage, and minus 20 degrees celsius for long term storage. Once micelles are prepared, perform various characterizations to determine drug concentration in micelles, particle sizes, and in vitro anticancer activities.To determine the DOX-PA concentration and drug encapsulation efficiency, dilute 25 microliters of drug loaded micelles with 500 microliters of DMSO. Measure the absorption at 490 nanometers with a UV-VIS spectrometer, and calculate drug concentrations and encapsulation efficiency as described in the text protocol. To evaluate in vitro anticancer activity, add the diluted cell suspensions into a 96 well cell culture plate at 100 microliters per well.Incubate the cells in a cell culture incubator for 18 hours to allow cell attachment. Next, dilute a DOX DMSO solution and a DOX-PA DMSO solution with cell culture medium to obtain final drug concentrations. Keep the final DMSO concentration in all samples at 0.5%Then dilute DOX-PA micelles with cell culture medium to obtain final drug concentrations.Use the blank cell culture medium as a control. Remove the 96 well cell culture plate from the incubator and replace the cell culture medium with 100 microliters of medium containing different treatment agents. Incubate the cells in the cell culture incubator for an additional 72 hours.Next, aspirate the medium and add 100 microliters of medium containing 0.5 milligrams per milliliter of MTT. Incubate the cells in the cell culture incubator for an additional two hours. Carefully remove the medium and add 100 microliters of DMSO to dissolve formazan crystals.Measure absorbence with the microplate spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 570 nanometers and a reference wavelength of 670 nanometers. Finally, calculate the cell viability as described in the text protocol. The synthesis scheme of DOX-PA is shown here.Palmitic acid is conjugated to doxorubicin through a pH sensitive hydrozine linker. The structure of DOX-PA was further confirmed with a proton NMR spectrum. Characteristic NMR peaks from both doxorubicin and palmitic acid are observed.Letters indicate peaks, and their corresponding moiety within the structure. Blank DSPE-PEG micelles without drug appear as a transparent liquid, whereas DOX-PA DSPE-PEG micelles appear as a red liquid, which is due to the DOX-PA loaded in the micelles. The mean particle size for blank DSPE-PEG micelles is around 17.0 nanometers.The loading of DOX-PA increased micell particle size slightly, with a mean particle size for DOX-PA DSPE-PEG micelles of around 25.7 nanometers. A concentration dependent reduction in cell viability was achieved by treating DU145 cells with free doxorubicin, free DOX-PA, or DOX-PA micelles. Although free doxorubicin is more effective than free DOX-PA or DOX-PA micelles at lower concentrations, DOX-PA groups showed greater reduction in cell viability than free doxorubicin at higher concentrations.Also, there appear to be no significant difference between DOX-PA and DOX-PA micelles at both higher and lower concentrations. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to prepare the micell formulations with a film dispersion method. It's important to remember that the method described can be used to prepare micell with different drugs and carrier materials.The design of carrier material is critical to improve the formulation performance. Following this procedure, the micell formulation can be further evaluated in vivo with animal tumor models to test the anticancer activity.

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