Name: comparison of tobacco host cell protein removal methods by blanching intact plants or by heat treatment of extracts
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We would like to acknowledge Dr. Thomas Rademacher, Alexander Boes and Veronique Bei&#223; for providing the transgenic tobacco seeds, and Ibrahim Al Amedi for cultivating the tobacco plants. The authors wish to thank Dr. Richard M. Twyman for editorial assistance as well as G&#252;ven Edg&#252; for providing the MSP1-19 reference. This work was funded in part by the European Research Council Advanced Grant ''Future-Pharma'', proposal number 269110, the Fraunhofer-Zukunftsstiftung (Fraunhofer Future Foundation) and Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Internal Programs under Grant No. Attract 125-600164.

1. Ontwikkel de Installaties van de tabak <ol><li> Spoel elk blok minerale wol met 1-2 liter gedeïoniseerd water en vervolgens met 1 liter 0,1% [w / v] kunstmestoplossing. Plaats een tabak zaad in elke minerale wol blok en voorzichtig spoelen met 0,25 L van kunstmest oplossing zonder wegwassen van het zaad 16. </li><li> Cultiveren van de tabaksplanten 7 weken in een kas met 70% relatieve vochtigheid, een 16 uur fotoperiode (180 umol sec - 1 m - 2; λ = 400 - 700 ...

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De drie methoden voor warmte-precipitatie hierboven beschreven effectief verwijderen tabak HCPs voorafgaand aan een chromatografische zuiveringsstap 16,17. Zij vullen andere strategieën die gericht zijn oorspronkelijke product zuiverheid, bijvoorbeeld guttatie 29, rhizosecretion 30 of centrifugale extractie 31,32, die beperkt zijn tot uitgescheiden eiwitten verhogen. Echter, de warmte gebaseerde methoden alleen gebruikt op een zinvolle wijze als het doeleiwit te zuiv...

Moderne systemen in de gezondheidszorg steeds meer afhankelijk van biofarmaceutische eiwitten 1. De productie van deze eiwitten in planten is voordelig vanwege de lage pathogeen last en grotere schaalbaarheid in vergelijking met conventionele expressiesystemen 2-4. Echter, de stroomafwaartse verwerking (DSP) van plantaardige geneesmiddelen uitdagend omdat de verstorende extractieprocedures resulteren in een hoge deeltjes belasting met troebelingen dan 5000 nefelometrische troebelingseenheden (NTUs), en eiwitten van de gastheercel (HCP) concentraties die vaak meer dan 95 % [m / m] 5,6. Uitgebreide verduidelijkingsprocedures moeten 7-9 verspreide deeltjes te verwijderen, maar vloeistofchromatograaf is goedkoper om in-binden en elueren stand tijdens uitgangsproduct herstel of er een eerdere stap voor het effectief verwijderen van HCPs 10,11. Dit kan worden bereikt door het precipiteren van het doeleiwit via floccul12 mieren of lage pH 13,14, en door het veroorzaken van de HCPs te aggregeren. De selectieve aggregatie van ribulose-1,5-bisfosfaat carboxylase / oxygenase (RuBisCO), de meest voorkomende HCP in groene planten zoals tabak (Nicotiana tabacum), kan worden bevorderd door het toevoegen van polyethyleenglycol 15, maar dit is duur en onverenigbaar met grote -schaal productie. Warmtebehandeling is aangetoond dat het denatureren en precipiteren meer dan 95% van tabak HCP, terwijl eiwit malaria vaccin kandidaten zoals Vax8 stabiel in oplossing blijven 16-18. Drie verschillende benaderingen werden gebruikt om de warmte-geïnduceerde precipitatie van tabak HCPs bereiken: (i) blancheren, dat wil zeggen, het onderdompelen van intacte bladeren in hete vloeistof, (ii) een thermisch geïsoleerde geroerd vat, en (iii) een warmtewisselaar ( figuur 1) 16. Voor intact bladeren, blancheren bereikte de snelle en efficiënte neerslaan van HCPs en was ook gemakkelijkopschalen en compatibel met bestaande grootschalige productieprocessen die een eerste stap om de plant biomassa 19 wassen omvatten. Daarentegen-geïsoleerde vaten, reeds op bepaalde werkwijzen en kan worden gebruikt voor de thermische behandeling van plantenextracten 20, maar de schaalbaarheid en energie overdrachtssnelheid beperkt omdat de oppervlakte-volumeverhouding van de tank geleidelijk verlaagd en ongeschikt wordt op procesniveau schaal. Een warmtewisselaar is een technisch goed gedefinieerde alternatief roervaten verhit maar vereist een overvloedige toevoer van verwarmings- en koelmiddelen zoals stoom en koud water, evenals een strak volumestroom die geschikt is om de warmtewisselaar geometrie en media eigenschappen, bijv., de soortelijke warmte. Dit artikel laat zien hoe alle drie methoden voor de warmte-geïnduceerde precipitatie van tabak HCPs en planten HCPs in het algemeen. De oprichting en de werking van each werkwijze in een laboratoriumomgeving worden gebruikt om hun geschiktheid voor grootschalige processen te evalueren. De grote uitdaging is om een ​​adequate schaal-down modellen en actief voorwaarden te identificeren voor elke operatie die de apparaten en voorwaarden gebruikt tijdens proces-grootschalige productie lijken. De hier gepresenteerde gegevens hebben betrekking op experimenten met transgene tabaksplanten expressie het malariavaccin Vax8 en fluorescerend eiwit DsRed 16, maar de methode is ook met succes toegepast op N. benthamiana planten transient expressie andere biofarmaceutische eiwitten 21. Een ontwerp-of-experimenten (DoE) benaderen 22 kan procesontwikkeling vergemakkelijken en flocculatoren 23 kan ook nuttig in deze context zijn zoals eerder beschreven 8. Het belangrijkste verschil tussen blancheren verwarmde tanks en warmtewisselaars is dat blancheren wordt toegepast op intacte bladeren vroeg in het proces, terwijl de others toegepast op plantenextracten (figuur 1). <img alt="Figuur 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54343/54343fig1.jpg" /> Figuur 1:. Process Flow Scheme Ter illustratie van de uitvoering van drie verschillende methoden voor tabak HCP Heat Neerslag Het plantmateriaal wordt gewassen en gehomogeniseerd voor verduidelijking en zuivering. Apparatuur voor het blancheren stap (rood) kan eenvoudig aan de bestaande machines worden toegevoegd. In tegenstelling tot het gebruik van een geroerd vat (oranje) en in het bijzonder een warmtewisselaar (blauw) vereist een of meerdere extra apparatuur en leidingen. <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54343/54343fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Klik hier om een grotere versie van deze figuur te bekijken.</a>

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">2100P Portable Turbidimeter</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Hach</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4650000</td>
			<td style="width:352px;">Turbidimeter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Amine Coupling Kit</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BR100050&#160;</td>
			<td>SPR chip coupling kit</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Autoclaving basket</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6917-0230</td>
			<td>Basket for leaf blanching</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Biacore T200</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28-9750-01</td>
			<td>SPR device</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Bio Cell Analyser BCA 003 R&#38;D with 3D ORM</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sequip</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>Particle size analyzer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Blender</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Waring</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">800EG</td>
			<td>Blender</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">BP-410</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Furh</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2632410001</td>
			<td>Bag filter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Centrifuge 5415D</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5424 000.410</td>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Centrifuge tube 15 mL</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Labomedic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2017106</td>
			<td>Reaction tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Centrifuge tube 50 mL self-standing</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Labomedic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1110504</td>
			<td>Reaction tube</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">CM5 chip</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BR100012&#160;</td>
			<td>Chip for SPR measurements</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Cuvette 10x10x45</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Sarsted</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">67.754</td>
			<td>Cuvette for Zetasizer Nano ZS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Design-Expert(R) 8</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Stat-Ease, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>DoE software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Disodium phosphate</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">&#160;4984.3&#160;</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Ferty 2 Mega</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Kammlott</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5.220072</td>
			<td>Fertilizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Forma -86C ULT freezer</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">88400</td>
			<td>Freezer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Greenhouse</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">n.a.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>For plant cultivation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Grodan Rockwool Cubes 10x10cm</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Grodan</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">102446</td>
			<td>Rockwool block</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Twentey-loop heat exchanger (4.8 m length)</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">n.a. (custom design)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>Heat exchanger</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9105.3</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">K200P 60D</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5302303</td>
			<td>Depth filter layer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">KS50P 60D</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B12486</td>
			<td>Depth filter layer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Lauda E300</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Lauda Dr Wobser GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z90010</td>
			<td>Water bath thermostat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">L/S 24</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Masterflex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SN-06508-24</td>
			<td>Tubing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:360px;">mAb 5.2</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">American Type Culture Collection</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HB-9148</td>
			<td>Vax8 specific antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Masterflex L/S</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Masterflex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HV-77921-75</td>
			<td>Peristaltic pump</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Miracloth</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Labomedic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">475855-1R</td>
			<td>Filter cloth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">MultiLine Multi 3410 IDS</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">WTW</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">WTW_2020</td>
			<td>pH meter / conductivity meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Osram cool white 36 W</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Osram</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4930440</td>
			<td>Light source</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Phytotron</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Ilka Zell</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>For plant cultivation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Sodium disulfit</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8554.1</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Carl Roth GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P029.2</td>
			<td>Media component</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:360px;">Stainless-steel vessel; 0.7-kg 2.0-L; height 180 mm; diameter 120 mm</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">n.a. (custom design)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>Container for heat precipitation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Synergy HT</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">BioTek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SIAFRT</td>
			<td>Fluorescence and spectrometric plate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">VelaPad 60</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Pall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VP60G03KNH4</td>
			<td>Filter housing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Zetasizer Nano ZS</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ZEN3600</td>
			<td>DLS particle size distribution measurement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:360px;">Zetasizer Software v7.11</td>
			<td style="width:195px;">Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">n.a.</td>
			<td>Software to operate the Zetasizer Nano ZS device</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparison of tobacco host cell protein removal methods by blanching intact plants or by heat treatment of extracts

Planten bieden niet alleen voedsel, voer en grondstoffen voor de mens, maar ook ontwikkeld als voordelig productieplatform voor biofarmaceutische eiwitten, zoals antilichamen, vaccin kandidaten en enzymen. Deze moeten worden gezuiverd uit de plantaardige biomassa, maar chromatografie stappen worden belemmerd door de hoge concentraties van de gastheercel eiwitten (HCPs) in plantenextracten. De meeste HCPs irreversibel aggregeren bij temperaturen boven 60 ° C vervolgens gemakkelijker zuivering van het doeleiwit. Hier worden drie methoden voorgesteld om de warmte precipitatie van tabak HCPs bereiken hetzij intacte bladeren of extracten. Het blancheren van intacte bladeren kunnen gemakkelijk in bestaande processen worden opgenomen, maar kan een negatief effect hebben op de daaropvolgende filtratie stappen te hebben. Het tegenovergestelde geldt voor de warmte het neerslaan van blad extracten in een geroerd vat, die de prestaties van de downstream-activiteiten te verbeteren, zij het met grote veranderingen in het proces van het ontwerp van apparatuur, zoalshomogenisator geometrie. Tenslotte wordt een warmtewisselaar setup goed gekarakteriseerd in termen van warmteoverdracht omstandigheden en gemakkelijk op schaal, maar reiniging kan moeilijk zijn en er kan een negatief effect op filter capaciteit. Het ontwerp-of-experimenten benadering kan worden gebruikt om de meest relevante procesparameters invloed HCP verwijdering en productwinning identificeren. Dit vergemakkelijkt de toepassing van elke methode andere expressie en het ter bepaling van de meest geschikte methode voor een bepaalde zuiveringsstrategie.

Warmte precipitatie van tabak gastheerceleiwitten door blancheren Het blancheermedium werkwijze onder punt 2 beschreven werd met succes gebruikt om HCPs precipiteren van tabaksbladeren met 70 ° C, waardoor de TSP bij 96 ± 1% (n = 3) onder winning tot 51% van de Vax8 doeleiwit, en aldus meer de zuiverheid van 0,1% tot 1,2% voor 16 chromatografische scheiding. Het was ook mogelijk om te herstellen 83 ± 1% (n = 3) van het fluorescente eiwit DsRed, verhoging van...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts at JoVE.com

Comparison of Tobacco Host Cell Protein Removal Methods by Blanching Intact Plants or by Heat Treatment of Extracts

Drie warmte precipitatiewerkwijzen gepresenteerd die effectief meer dan 90% van gastheerceleiwitten (HCP) van tabak extracten te verwijderen vóór alle andere zuiveringsstap. De plant HCPs irreversibel aggregeren bij temperaturen boven 60 ° C.

Vergelijking van de Tabak Host Cell Protein methode voor het verwijderen van blancheren intacte planten of door een warmtebehandeling van Extracten

Plants not only provide food, feed and raw materials for humans, but have also been developed as an economical production system for biopharmaceutical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Preparation and Fractionation of Xenopus laevis Egg Extracts

Voorbereiding en Fractionering van Xenopus laevis Egg Extracten

Crude and fractionated Xenopus egg extracts can be used to provide ingredients for reconstituting cellular processes for morphological and biochemical ...

Detection of Post-translational Modifications on Native Intact Nucleosomes by ELISA

Detectie van post-translationele modificaties op native Intact Nucleosomen door middel van ELISA

The genome of eukaryotes exists as chromatin which contains both DNA and proteins. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome, which contains 146 ...

The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL

De MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform in het EMBL

Proteomics  research revealed the impressive complexity of eukaryotic proteomes in  unprecedented detail. It is now a commonly accepted notion that ...

Protein-protein Interactions Visualized by Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation in Tobacco Protoplasts and Leaves

Eiwit-eiwit interacties gevisualiseerd door Bimoleculaire Fluorescentie Complementatie in Protoplasten en Bladeren Tabak

Many proteins interact transiently with other proteins or are integrated into multi-protein complexes to perform their biological function. Bimolecular ...

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-Dimensional Tracking of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells in Adult Mouse Calvarial Bone Marrow

In Vivo 4-dimensionale Tracking van hematopoietische stamcellen en progenitorcellen in volwassen muis calvarial Bone Marrow

Through a delicate balance between quiescence and proliferation, self renewal and production of differentiated progeny, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) ...

Fecal Glucocorticoid Analysis: Non-invasive Adrenal Monitoring in Equids

Fecale Glucocorticoïd Analyse: Niet-invasieve bijnier Toezicht op Equids

Adrenal activity can be assessed in the equine species by analysis of feces for corticosterone metabolites. During a potentially aversive situation, ...

DamID-seq: Genome-wide Mapping of Protein-DNA Interactions by High Throughput Sequencing of Adenine-methylated DNA Fragments

Damid-seq: Genoom-brede kaart brengen van eiwit-DNA-interacties door High Throughput Sequencing van adenine gemethyleerd DNA-fragmenten

The DNA adenine methyltransferase identification (DamID) assay is a powerful method to detect protein-DNA interactions both locally and genome-wide. It is ...

Procedure to Evaluate the Efficiency of Flocculants for the Removal of Dispersed Particles from Plant Extracts

Procedure Om de efficiëntie van Flocculanten Evalueer voor de opheffing van de gedispergeerde deeltjes van plantenextracten

Plants are important to humans not only because they provide commodities such as food, feed and raw materials, but increasingly because they can be used ...

Comparison of Three Different Methods for Determining Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Cell Lines

Vergelijking van de drie verschillende methoden voor het bepalen van de cel proliferatie in borstkanker cellijnen

Measuring cell proliferation can be performed by a number of different methods, each with varying levels of sensitivity, reproducibility and compatibility ...

Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Xenopus Oocytes: Optimized Methods for Microinjection, Removal of Follicular Cell Layers, and Fast Solution Changes in Electrophysiological Experiments

Xenopus Eicellen: Geoptimaliseerd Methoden voor Micro-injectie, Verwijdering van folliculaire Lagen en Fast Solution Veranderingen in elektrofysiologische experimenten

The Xenopus oocyte as a heterologous expression system for proteins, was first described by Gurdon et al.1 and has been widely used since its discovery ...