Name: co-culture of living microbiome with microengineered human intestinal villi in a gut-on-a-chip microfluidic device
Uploaded: 2016-08-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device at JoVE.com

We thank Sri Kosuri (Wyss Institute at Harvard University) for providing the GFP-labeled E. coli strain. This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-12-2-0036, Food and Drug Administration under contract #HHSF223201310079C, and the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Office, Army Research Laboratory, Food and Drug Administration, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon.

1. A microfabricação de um dispositivo Gut-on-a-chip Nota: A a-chip intestino-em-um dispositivo de microfluidos feita por polímero de silicone transparente, permeável ao gás (polidimetilsiloxano, PDMS), contendo dois microcanais paralelas (1 mm de comprimento x largura de 150 um de altura x 1 cm), separadas por uma flexível porosa (10 um de diâmetro de poro, 25 um de poro no espaçamento de poro) PDMS membrana de 5,9. Fabricar o gut-on-a-chip (Figura 1A, esqu...

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Compreender as interacções hospedeiro-microbioma é fundamental para o avanço da medicina; No entanto, os modelos de cultura de células tradicional realizados numa placa de plástico ou de uma placa de estática não suportam a co-cultura estável de células intestinais humanas com micróbios intestinais viver durante mais de 1-2 dias na maior parte porque as células microbianas cobrir as células de mamíferos in vitro. A população microbiana overgrowing rapidamente consome oxigénio e nutrientes, prod...

O intestino humano abriga uma matriz surpreendentemente diversificado de espécies microbianas (&lt;1.000 espécies) e um número enorme de células microbianas (10 vezes mais do que as células hospedeiras humanas) e genes (100 vezes mais do que o genoma humano) 1. Estes microbiomas humanos desempenham um papel fundamental no metabolismo de nutrientes e xenobióticos, regulação das respostas imunitárias, e a manutenção da homeostase intestinal 2. Não é de surpreender, tendo em conta estas diversas funções, o microbioma intestinal comensal extensivamente modula saúde e da doença 3. Assim, a compreensão do papel das interações microbioma intestinal e host-micróbio são de grande importância para promover gastrointestinal saúde (GI) e explorar novas terapêuticas para distúrbios intestinais 4. No entanto, já existente em modelos de intestino in vitro (por exemplo, culturas estáticas) restringir a co-cultura de hospedeiro-microbiota a um curto período de tempo (&lt;1 dia) porque as células microbianas e cobrir comprometer barreira intestinal5 funções. Modelos animais de substituição (por exemplo, 6 ou geneticamente modificada livre de germes ratos 7) também não são comumente usados ​​para estudar host-gut microbiome crosstalk porque a colonização e manutenção estável do microbioma intestinal humana são difíceis. Para superar estes desafios, que recentemente desenvolveu um ser humano biomimético &quot;Gut-on-a-Chip&quot; sistema microphysiological (Figura 1A, à esquerda) para emular as interações microbioma host-intestinais que ocorrem no intestino humano vivo 5,8. O microdispositivo intestino-on-a-chip contém dois canais de microfluidos paralelas separadas por um flexível, poroso, matriz extracelular (ECM) -Revestido membrana revestida por epiteliais intestinais humanas Caco-2 As células, imitando o lúmen intestinal interface para o tecido-capilares (Figura 1A , à direita) 9. deformações rítmicos cíclicos orientada por vácuo induzir deformações mecânicas fisiológicas que imitam mudanças normalmente Induced pelos movimentos peristálticos (Figura 1A, direita). Curiosamente, quando as células Caco-2 são cultivadas no intestino-on-a-chip para mais de 100 h, eles formam espontaneamente tridimensional (3D) vilosidades intestinais com junções apertadas, fronteiras escova apicais, células proliferativas limitados a criptas basais, a produção de muco, aumento da atividade de metabolização de drogas (por exemplo, o citocromo P450 3A4, CYP3A4), e reforçada glucose recaptação 8. Neste microambiente &#39;livre de germes &quot;, que era possível a co-cultura de Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG probiótico ou a formação de uma mistura terapêutica bacteriana probiótico com células epiteliais do hospedeiro por até duas semanas 5,10. Neste estudo, descrevemos o protocolo detalhado para executar-hospedeiro intestino co-cultura microbioma no dispositivo de intestino-on-a-chip por um período prolongado. Além disso, discutimos questões críticas e desafios potenciais a serem considerados para uma ampla aplicação deste host-microbioma co-cultura protocolo.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:509px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 25 mM glucose and 25 mM HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">10564-011</td>
			<td style="width:544px;">Warm it up at 37&#176;C in a water bath.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:509px;">Difco Lactobacilli MRS broth</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">288120</td>
			<td>Run autoclave at 121&#176;C for 15 min.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Poly(dimethylsiloxane)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">3097358-1004</td>
			<td>15:1 (w/w), PDMS : cureing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:509px;">Caco-2BBE human colorectal carcinoma line</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Harvard Digestive Disease Center</td>
			<td style="width:175px;"></td>
			<td>Human colorectal adenocarcinoma&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Heat-inactivated FBS</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">10082-147</td>
			<td>20% (v/v) in DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Trypsin/EDTA solution (0.05%)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">25300-054</td>
			<td>Warm it up at 37&#8451; in a water bath.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Penicillin-streptomycin-glutamine</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">10378-016</td>
			<td>1/100 dilution in DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">4&#8242;,6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole dihydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Molecular Probes</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">D1306</td>
			<td>Nuclei staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Phalloidin-CF647 conjugate (25 units/mL)</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Biotium</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">00041</td>
			<td>F-actin staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:509px;">Flexcell FX-5000 tension system</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Flexcell International Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">FX5K</td>
			<td>Peristalsis-like stretcing motion (10% cell strain, 0.15 Hz frequency)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Inverted epifluorescence microscope</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Axio Observer Z1</td>
			<td>Imaging, DIC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Scanning confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">DMI6000</td>
			<td>Imaging, Fluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">UVO Cleaner</td>
			<td>Jelight Company Inc</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">342</td>
			<td>Surface activation of the gut-chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Type I collagen&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Gibco</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">A10483-01</td>
			<td>Extracellular matrix component for cell culture into the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Matrigel</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">354234</td>
			<td>Extracellular matrix component for cell culture into the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1 mL disposable syringe</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">309628</td>
			<td>Cell and media injection stuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">25G5/8 needle</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">329651</td>
			<td>Cell and media injection stuff</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Syringe pump</td>
			<td>Braintree Scientific Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">BS-8000</td>
			<td>Injection equipment into the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">VSL#3</td>
			<td>Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals</td>
			<td>7-45749-01782-6</td>
			<td>A formulation of 8 different commensal gut microbes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Reinforced Clostridial Medium</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">218081</td>
			<td>Anaerobic bacteria culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">GasPak EZ Anaerobe Container System with Indicator</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">260001</td>
			<td>Anaerobic gas generating sachet&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4% paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Science</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">157-4-100</td>
			<td>Fixing the cells for staining</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">T8787</td>
			<td>Permeabilizing the cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bovine serum albumin</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">A7030</td>
			<td>Blocking agent for staining of the cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Corona treater</td>
			<td>Electro-Technic Products</td>
			<td>BD-20AC</td>
			<td>Plasma generator for fabrication of the chip</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Steriflip&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SE1M003M00</td>
			<td>Degasing the complete culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:509px;">Disposable hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">iNCYTO</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">DHC-N01</td>
			<td>For manual cell counting</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

co-culture of living microbiome with microengineered human intestinal villi in a gut-on-a-chip microfluidic device

Aqui, descrevemos um protocolo para realizar co-cultura de longo prazo de multi-espécies microbioma intestinal humana com vilosidades intestinais microengineered em um dispositivo microphysiological gut-on-a-chip humano. Nós recapitular a interface tecido intestinal lúmen capilar num dispositivo de microfluidos, onde as deformações mecânicas e fisiológicas fluxo de cisalhamento de fluidos são constantemente aplicada para imitar o peristaltismo. No microcanal lúmen, epiteliais intestinais células Caco-2 humanos são cultivados de modo a formar um epitélio das vilosidades &#39;livre de germes&#39; e regenerar pequenas vilosidades intestinais. células microbianas cultivadas são pré-inoculado para o lado do lúmen para estabelecer um ecossistema hospedeira-micróbio. Depois de células microbianas aderir à superfície apical das vilosidades, fluxo de fluido e deformações mecânicas são retomadas a produzir um micro-ambiente de estado estacionário na qual meio de cultura fresco é continuamente fornecido e bactérias não ligadas (bem como resíduos bacterianas) são continuamente removidos. Após prolongado co-cultura fdias ROM para semanas, múltiplos microcolônias são encontrados para ser localizado de forma aleatória entre as vilosidades, e tanto as células epiteliais microbiana e permanecer viável e funcional durante pelo menos uma semana de cultura. Nosso protocolo de co-cultura pode ser adaptado para proporcionar uma plataforma versátil para outros ecossistemas hospedeiras-microbiota que pode ser encontrado em vários órgãos humanos, o que pode facilitar o estudo in vitro do papel da microbiota humana na orquestração de saúde e na doença.

Para emular o ecossistema hospedeira-microbiota intestinal humano in vitro, que é necessário desenvolver um protocolo experimental para reconstituir a co-cultura estável a longo prazo das bactérias intestinais e as células epiteliais intestinais humanas sob condições fisiológicas, tais como peristalse mecânica semelhante e fluxo de fluido. Aqui, nós utilizamos um microdispositivo biomimético gut-on-a-chip (Figura 1A) para co-cult...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device at JoVE.com

Co-culture of Living Microbiome with Microengineered Human Intestinal Villi in a Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device

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Co-cultura de Vida Microbiome com Intestinal Microengineered Humano Villi num Gut-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Dispositivo

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Cell co-culture assays have been widely used for studying cell-cell interactions between different cell types to better understand the biology of diseases ...

Generation of Dynamical Environmental Conditions using a High-Throughput Microfluidic Device

Geração de Condições Ambientais Dinâmicas usando um dispositivo microfluido de alto rendimento

Mimicking in vivo environmental conditions is crucial for in vitro studies on complex life machinery. However, current techniques targeting live cells and ...

Preparation and Structural Evaluation of Epithelial Cell Monolayers in a Physiologically Sized Microfluidic Culture Device

Preparação e avaliação estrutural de monocamadas de células epiteliais em um dispositivo de cultura microfluídica de tamanho fisiológico

In vitro microfluidic experimentation holds great potential to reveal many insights into the microphysiological phenomena occurring in conditions such as ...