Name: external excitation of neurons using electric and magnetic fields in one- and two-dimensional cultures
Uploaded: 2017-05-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures at JoVE.com

Gli autori ringraziano Ofer Feinerman, Fred Wolf, Menahem Segal, Andreas Neef e Eitan Reuveny per molto utili discussioni. Gli autori ringraziano Ilan Breskin e Jordi Soriano per sviluppare le prime versioni della tecnologia. Gli autori ringraziano Tsvi Tlusty e Jean-Pierre Eckmann per aiutare con i concetti teorici. Questa ricerca è stata sostenuta dalla Fondazione Minerva, il Ministero della Scienza e della Tecnologia, Israele, e da parte di Israele Science Foundation grant 1320-1309 e la sovvenzione della Fondazione Bi-National Science 2.008.331.

Etica Dichiarazione: procedure che coinvolgono la movimentazione degli animali sono stati fatti in accordo con le linee guida del Comitato Istituzionale cura degli animali ed uso (IACUC) del Weizmann Institute of Science, e la legge israeliana appropriata. Il Weizmann Institute è accreditato dalla Associazione per la valutazione e l&#39;accreditamento del Laboratorio di Animal Care International (AAALAC). Il Comitato Istituzionale Cura ed uso degli animali Weizmann approvato questo studio, condotto con neuroni dell&#39...

<ol>
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Il pattern di 1D è uno strumento importante che può essere utilizzato per una varietà di applicazioni. Per esempio, abbiamo utilizzato il modello 1D per la creazione di gate logici da culture neuronali 29 e più recentemente per misurare la Chronaxie e la Rheobase dei neuroni ippocampali 5 del ratto e il rallentamento della velocità di propagazione del segnale di attività di cottura nei neuroni ippocampali della sindrome di Down rispetto al Neuroni ippocampali di tipo...

L&#39;interazione tra i neuroni e campi elettrici esterni ha implicazioni fondamentali, nonché quelli pratici. Mentre è noto fin dai tempi di Volta che un campo elettrico applicato esternamente può eccitare il tessuto, i meccanismi responsabili per la produzione di un potenziale d&#39;azione risultante in neuroni sono solo di recente iniziando da dipanare 1, 2, 3, 4. Ciò include trovare le risposte alle domande per quanto riguarda il meccanismo che provoca la depolarizzazione del potenziale di membrana, il ruolo di proprietà di membrana e dei canali ionici, e anche la regione nel neurone che risponde al campo elettrico 2, 5. Terapeutico neurostimolazione 6, 7, 8, 9, <supclass = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 10 metodologie sono particolarmente dipendenti da queste informazioni, che può essere cruciale per il targeting aree colpite e per comprendere l&#39;esito della terapia. Tale comprensione può anche aiutare a sviluppare protocolli di trattamento e nuovi approcci per la stimolazione delle diverse aree del cervello. Misurare l&#39;interazione all&#39;interno del cervello in vivo aggiunge una componente importante per questa comprensione, ma è ostacolato dalla imprecisione e bassa la controllabilità delle misure all&#39;interno del cranio. Al contrario, le misurazioni in culture possono essere facilmente eseguite in alto volume con alta precisione, eccellente rapporto segnale rumore prestazioni e un elevato grado di riproducibilità e di controllo. Utilizzando colture una grande varietà di proprietà neuronali del comportamento della rete collettiva può essere chiarita 11, 12, 13, 14, </sup&gt; 15, 16. Analogamente, questo sistema ben controllato è prevista essere altamente efficace nel chiarire il meccanismo che altri metodi di stimolazione di lavoro, ad esempio come apertura del canale durante la stimolazione ottico in neuroni optogenetically attive 17, 18, 19 è responsabile della creazione potenziale d&#39;azione. Qui l&#39;attenzione è rivolta che descriva lo sviluppo e la comprensione di strumenti in grado di eccitare in modo efficiente il neurone tramite un campo elettrico esterno. In questo documento si descrive la preparazione di bidimensionale e unidimensionale colture ippocampali fantasia, stimolazione con diverse configurazioni e l&#39;orientamento di un campo elettrico applicato direttamente dagli elettrodi bagno, e infine stimolazione bidimensionale e modellata culture unidimensionali di un variabili nel tempo del campo magnetico, che induce un campo elettrico5, 20, 21.

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>APV</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A8054</td>
			<td>Disconnect the network. Mentioned in Section 2.4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27 supp</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td>Plating medium. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>bicuculline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>14343</td>
			<td>Disconnect the network&#160;. Mentioned in Section 2.4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9640</td>
			<td>Borate buffer. Mentioned in Section 1.1.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Boric acid</td>
			<td>Frutarom LTD</td>
			<td>5550710</td>
			<td>Borate buffer. Mentioned in Section 1.1.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CaCl2 , 1M</td>
			<td>Fluka&#160;</td>
			<td>21098</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CNQX</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>C239</td>
			<td>Disconnect the network&#160;. Mentioned in Section 2.4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>COMSOL</td>
			<td>COMSOL Inc</td>
			<td>Multiphysics 3.5</td>
			<td>Numerical simulation. Mentioned in Section 3.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-(+)-Glucose, 1M</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>65146</td>
			<td>Plating medium, Extracellular recording solution&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D-PBS</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8537</td>
			<td>Cell Cultures. Mentioned in Section 1.2.4&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.2.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FCS(FBS)</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12657-029</td>
			<td>Plating medium. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibronectin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F1141</td>
			<td>Bio Coating. Mentioned in Section 1.2.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fluo4, AM</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>F14201</td>
			<td>Imaging of spontaneous or evoked activity&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.5.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.5.3&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.5.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FUDR</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>F0503</td>
			<td>Changing medium. Mentioned in Section 1.4.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gentamycin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G1272</td>
			<td>Plating medium, Changing medium, Final medium. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GlutaMAX 100X</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>35050-038</td>
			<td>Plating medium, Changing medium, Final medium. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hepes, 1M</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>H0887</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HI HS&#160;</td>
			<td>BI</td>
			<td>04-124-1A</td>
			<td>Plating medium, Changing medium, Final medium. Mentioned in Section 1.1.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.4.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>KCl,&#160; 3M</td>
			<td>Merck</td>
			<td>1049361000</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Laminin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>L2020</td>
			<td>Bio Coating. Mentioned in Section 1.2.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MEM x 1</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21090-022</td>
			<td>Plating medium, Changing medium, Final medium. Mentioned in Section 1.4.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.4.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MgCl2 , 1M</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M1028</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NaCl, 4M</td>
			<td>Bio-Lab</td>
			<td>19030591</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Octadecanethiol</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>01858</td>
			<td>Cleaning Cr-Au coated coverslips (1D cultures). Mentioned in Section 1.2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluracare F108 NF Prill</td>
			<td>BASF Corparation&#160;</td>
			<td>50475278</td>
			<td>Bio-Rejection Coating, Bio Coating. Mentioned in Section 1.2.4&#160;&#160;&#160; 1.2.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly-L-lysine 0.01% solution&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>&#160;P47075</td>
			<td>Promote cell division. Mentioned in Section 1.1.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sucrose, 1M</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S1888</td>
			<td>Extracellular recording solution&#160;. Mentioned in Section 1.5.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thiol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>1858</td>
			<td>Bio-Rejection Coating. Mentioned in Section 1.2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>URIDINE</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>U3750</td>
			<td>Changing medium. Mentioned in Section 1.4.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sputtering machine</td>
			<td>AJA International, Inc</td>
			<td>ATC Orion-5Series&#160;</td>
			<td>coating glass with thin layers of metal. Mentioned in Section 1.2.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pen plotter&#160;</td>
			<td>Hewlett Packard&#160;</td>
			<td>HP 7475A</td>
			<td>Etching of pattern to the coated coverslip. Mentioned in Section 1.2.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrodes wires&#160;</td>
			<td>A-M Systems, Carlsborg WA</td>
			<td>767000</td>
			<td>Electric stimulation of neuronal cultures. Mentioned in Section 2.1&#160;&#160;&#160; 2.2&#160;&#160;&#160; 2.3&#160;&#160; 2.4.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Signal generator</td>
			<td>BKPrecision</td>
			<td>4079</td>
			<td>Shaping of the electric signal. Mentioned in Section 2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amplifier</td>
			<td>Homemade</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Voltage amplification of the signal from the signal generator to the electrodes. Mentioned in Section 2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Power supply</td>
			<td>Matrix&#160;</td>
			<td>MPS-3005 LK-3&#160;</td>
			<td>Power supply to the sputtering machine. Mentioned in Section 1.2.2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transcranial magnetic stimulation</td>
			<td>Magstim, Spring Gardens, UK</td>
			<td>Rapid 2</td>
			<td>Magnetic stimulation of neuronal culture. Mentioned in Section 3.1&#160;&#160; 3.3&#160;&#160; 3.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy</td>
			<td>Cognis</td>
			<td>Versamid 140</td>
			<td>Casting of homemade coils. Mentioned in Section 3.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Epoxy</td>
			<td>Shell</td>
			<td>EPON 815&#160;</td>
			<td>Casting of homemade coils. Mentioned in Section 3.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Platinum wires 0.005&#39;&#39; thick; A-M Systems,&#160;</td>
			<td>&#160;Carlsborg WA</td>
			<td>&#160;767000</td>
			<td>Electric stimulation of neuronal cultures. Mentioned in Section 2.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Circular magnetic coil</td>
			<td>Homemade</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Magnetic stimulation of neuronal culture. Mentioned in Section 3.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>WaveXpress SW</td>
			<td>B&#38;K Precision&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Waveform editing software. Mentioned in Section 2.1.32</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Xion Ultra 897</td>
			<td>Andor</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Sensitive EMCCD camera. Mentioned in Section 2.4.4</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

external excitation of neurons using electric and magnetic fields in one- and two-dimensional cultures

Un neurone spara un potenziale d&#39;azione quando il suo potenziale di membrana supera una certa soglia. Nell&#39;attività tipica del cervello, questo si verifica come risultato di ingressi chimici alle sue sinapsi. Tuttavia, i neuroni possono anche essere eccitati da un campo elettrico imposto. In particolare, le recenti applicazioni cliniche attivano i neuroni creando un campo elettrico esternamente. È quindi interessante studiare come il neurone risponda al campo esterno e ciò che provoca il potenziale d&#39;azione. Fortunatamente, un&#39;applicazione precisa e controllata di un campo elettrico esterno è possibile per le cellule neuronali embrionali che vengono escise, dissociate e coltivate in colture. Ciò consente di esaminare queste domande in un sistema altamente riproducibile. In questo lavoro vengono esaminate alcune delle tecniche utilizzate per l&#39;applicazione controllata del campo elettrico esterno sulle culture neuronali. Le reti possono essere unidimensionali, cioè modellate in linear forme o lasciate crescere su tutto il piano del substrato, e quindi bidimensionale. Inoltre, l&#39;eccitazione può essere creata mediante l&#39;applicazione diretta del campo elettrico tramite elettrodi immersi nel liquido (elettrodi bagno) o inducendo il campo elettrico mediante la creazione remota di impulsi magnetici.

<html> Il protocollo presentato permette una facile patterning di colture neuronali. Quando è combinato con vari metodi che abbiamo sviluppato per la stimolazione, permette di effettuare misurazioni di alcune proprietà neuroni intrinseci quali chronaxie e reobase 5, per confrontare le proprietà di neuroni sani e malati 27, per trovare il modo ottimale per stimolare culture come funzione di la loro struttura e molti altri nuovi approcci. A...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures at JoVE.com

External Excitation of Neurons Using Electric and Magnetic Fields in One- and Two-dimensional Cultures

colture neuronali sono un buon modello per lo studio delle tecniche di stimolazione cerebrale emergenti tramite il loro effetto sui singoli neuroni o di una popolazione di neuroni. Qui presentati sono diversi metodi per la stimolazione di colture neuronali modellate da un campo elettrico prodotto direttamente dalla elettrodi bagno o indotto da un campo magnetico variabile nel tempo.

Eccitazione esterna dei neuroni Usando campi elettrici e magnetici in mono e culture bidimensionali

A neuron will fire an action potential when its membrane potential exceeds a certain threshold. In typical activity of the brain, this occurs as a result ...

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