Name: 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and corannulene as electron receptors for lithium solvated electron solutions
Uploaded: 2016-10-10T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions at JoVE.com

作者为这个项目确认来自新加坡教育部2级研究基金（项目MOE2013-T2-2-002）资金。

1.准备程序1,3,5-三苯（1） <ol><li>放置苯乙酮的100ml无水乙醇的混合物（4.0克，33.3毫摩尔）和到装有磁力搅拌器，回流冷凝器，氮气进口，鼓泡器，滴液漏斗和温度计的圆底三颈250ml烧瓶中。使用滴液漏斗，在0℃在一个部分的四氯化硅（11.9克，8.0毫升，70.2毫摩尔，2.1当量）添加到该混合物在氮气下。 </li><li>观察的氯化氢气体的演变为10分钟。然后搅拌，在40℃20小时，将反应混合物。 </li><li>冷却...

<ol>
	<li>Tan, K. S., Yazami, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physical-Chemical+and+Electrochemical+Studies+of+the+Lithium+Naphthalenide+Anolyte.">Physical-Chemical and Electrochemical Studies of the Lithium Naphthalenide Anolyte.</a> Electrochim Acta. 180, 629-635 (2015).</li><li>Tan, K. S., Grimsdale, A. C., Yazami, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+Characterisation+of+Biphenyl-Based+Lithium+Solvated+Electrons+Solutions.">Synthesis and Characterisation of Biphenyl-Based Lithium Solvated Electrons Solutions.</a> J Phys Chem B. 116, 9056-9060 (2012).</li><li>Rinaldi, A., Tan, K. S., Wijaya, O., Wang, Y., Yazami, R., Menictas, C., Skyllas-Kazacos, M., Lim, T. M., Hughes, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ch.+11.">Ch. 11.</a> Advances in batteries for large- and medium-scale energy storage applications in power systems and electric vehicles. , (2014).</li><li>Wang, Y., Tan, K. S., Yazami, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Materials Challenges In Alternative &amp; Renewable Energy (MCARE 2014). , (2014).</li><li>Yazami, R., Tan, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> in 8th annual Li Battery Power. , (2012).</li><li>Yazami, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hybrid+Electrochemical+Generator+With+A+Soluble+Anode.">Hybrid Electrochemical Generator With A Soluble Anode.</a> US patent. , (2010).</li><li>Yazami, R., Tan, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liquid+Metal+Battery.">Liquid Metal Battery.</a> US patent. , (2015).</li><li>Lim, Z. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+assessment+of+new+cyclopenta-2,4-dienone+derivatives+for+energy+storage+applications.">Synthesis and assessment of new cyclopenta-2,4-dienone derivatives for energy storage applications.</a> Synthetic Met. 200, 85-90 (2015).</li><li>Butterfield, A. M., Gilomen, B., Siegel, J. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kilogram-Scale+Production+of+Corannulene.">Kilogram-Scale Production of Corannulene.</a> Org. Process Res. Dev. 16, 664-676 (2012).</li><li>Elmorsy, S. S., Pelter, A., Smith, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+direct+production+of+tri-+and+hexa-substituted+benzenes+from+ketones+under+mild+conditions.">The direct production of tri- and hexa-substituted benzenes from ketones under mild conditions.</a> Tetrahedron Lett. 32, 4175-4176 (1991).</li><li>Zabula, A. V., Filatov, A. S., Spisak, S. N., Rogachev, A. Y., Petrukhina, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Main+Group+Metal+Sandwich:+Five+Lithium+Cations+Jammed+Between+Two+Corannulene+Tetraanion+Decks.">A Main Group Metal Sandwich: Five Lithium Cations Jammed Between Two Corannulene Tetraanion Decks.</a> Science. 333, 1008-1011 (2011).</li></ol>

对于基于1,3,5-三苯基苯LiSES，具有光色的样品表明，它具有溶剂化电子的低浓度。 的 Li x TPB（THF）24.7（对于x = 1，2，3，4）展示在其导电率与X A行为类似于看到从联苯和萘1制成LiSES，2。还有在传导性的初始增加与李增加：PAH比为1〜2和导电性在进一步增加的摩尔比为3，4，用李4 TPB（THF）24.7的电导率值比对Li 1 TPB（THF）24....

锂溶剂化电子溶液（LiSES）使用简单的两环多环芳烃（PAH）例如联苯和萘可以潜在地用作在充燃料锂电池1-7液态阳极制备。在LiSES，这些简单的PAH分子担任电子受体从溶解金属锂溶剂化电子。 来自这两个环系统进展，作者自然后进行电导率测量研究其上使用更复杂的多环芳烃制备，与基环戊-2,4-二烯酮衍生物8的起始LiSES。这些多环芳烃包括更大的多环芳烃（&gt;两个苯环），并纳入其芳香环的取代基的多环芳烃。有两个以上的环A大的PAH分子预计容纳每多环芳烃分子更锂原子比任联苯或萘从而导致具有更高的能量密度LiSES。 introduc的目标ING取代成多环芳烃是使PAH更易于接受电子而变得更加稳定在LiSES聚阴离子。 作为不断努力开发具有更高的能量密度LiSES的一部分，本文将通过文献方法9以及1,3,5-三苯做碗烯制备LiSES的特征报告，由城规会略加修改文献10合成。 1,3,5-三苯基苯， 如图1（1），可以被分类为与在位置3两个附加苯基环和相同的环的5联苯衍生物。因为该分子具有4个苯环，应该摄取每分子李，这比对联苯更多的4个原子（每PAH锂的最大2.5摩尔当量在0.5M溶液）和萘（&lt;每分子锂的2.5摩尔当量） 。 碗烯是五环的PAH布置成碗形， 如图1（2）。 Zabula 等人 11表明金属锂溶解于碗烯/四氢呋喃（THF）中的溶液，以形成具有夹在碗烯的两个稳定tetraanions之间的五个Li +离子的溶液的可行性。 <img alt="图1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54366/54366fig1.jpg" /> 图1：1,3,5-三苯基苯的分子结构（1）和碗烯（2）1,3,5-三苯基苯是在相同的环的位置3和5划分为联苯衍生物具有两个附加苯基环。 。碗烯是一种五环PAH与布置成碗状的五个苯环。 <a href="https://www.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54366/54366fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">请点击此处查看该图的放大版本。</a> 因此，无论1,3,5-三苯和碗烯是高能量的潜在候选人密度LiSES。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1005">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Biphenyl Reagentplus, 99.5%</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">B34656-1KG</td>
			<td style="width:204px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Tetrahydrofuran Anhydrous, 99.9%, Inhibi</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>401757-100ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Iodine, Anhydrous, Beads, -10 Mesh, 99.999% trace metals basis&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>451045-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;">Lithium iodide, anhydrous, 99.95% (metals basis)</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>40666</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Lithium Ion Conducting Glass ceramics (Diameter 1&#34; x 150 mm)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Ohara</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">LICGC(AG01)</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Lithium Foil&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">010769.14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Methanol anhydrous, 99.8%</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>322415-100ML&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">CompactStat : Electrochemical Analyser with Impedance</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Ivium Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Not Applicable</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Cond 3310 Conductivity Meter</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">WTW</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Not Applicable</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:479px;">Digital Multimeter, Model Fluke 179</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Fluke Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">Not Applicable</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="120">
			<td height="120" style="height:120px;width:479px;">1,3,5-triphenylbenzene</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Synthesized from acetpohenone according to procedure described in literature</td>
			<td style="width:187px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Silicon tetrachloride</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">215120-100G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">acetophenone</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">TCI</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">A0061-500g</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="31">
			<td height="31" style="height:31px;width:479px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:136px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:187px;">1.00983.2511</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

1,3,5-triphenylbenzene and corannulene as electron receptors for lithium solvated electron solutions

作者对锂溶剂化电子解决方案（LiSES）进行传导的研究报告使用两种类型的多环芳烃（PAH），即1,3,5-三苯和碗烯，作为电子受体的准备。固体多环芳烃首先溶解在四氢呋喃（THF）以形成溶液。然后金属锂溶解于这些PAH / THF溶液，得到蓝色或蓝绿色的解决方案，颜色的指示溶剂化电子的存在。在上1,3,5-三苯基苯基LiSES进行环境温度，由李表示电导率的测量点¯xTPB（THF）24.7（X = 1，2，3，4），表现出与锂的增加电导率的增加： PAH比从X = 1〜2但是，导电性逐渐在进一步增加的比率减小。确立的导电点¯xTPB（THF）24.7对于x = 4比对于x更低</eM&gt; = 1，这样的行为是相似的，从联苯和萘制备的以前报道LiSES的。电导率与基于碗烯-LiSES温度测量，由李用x表示心病（THF）247（X = 1，2，3，4，5），显示出与负斜率的线性关系，表明类似金属的行为，以联苯和萘基于LiSES。

不同量的锂和1,3,5-三苯基苯用THF的混合物之间的反应给出蓝绿色或深蓝色溶液， 如图2的光色表示LiSES的特定样品具有溶剂化电子的低浓度。 1,3,5-三苯基苯演示用的锂增加电导率的增加：在0.5M THF溶液（ 见表1）的PAH比为1〜2。然而，电导率值逐渐在进一步增加的摩尔比减小。李电导率值：PAH = 4比李甚至更低：PAH = 1，此行为是类似于看到从联苯和萘1，2发LiSES。 ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about 1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions at JoVE.com

1,3,5-Triphenylbenzene and Corannulene as Electron Receptors for Lithium Solvated Electron Solutions

The authors report on conductivity studies carried out on lithium solvated electron solutions (LiSES) prepared using 1,3,5-triphenylbenzene (TPB) and corannulene as electron receptors.

1,3,5-三苯和碗烯作为电子受体锂溶剂化电子解决方案

The authors report on conductivity studies carried out on lithium solvated electron solutions (LiSES) prepared using two types of polyaromatic ...

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