CA acknowledges a Discovery grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. CA acknowledges a Chair in Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery from GSK. The authors declare no competing financial interest.

<img alt="Abbildung 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54422/54422fig1.jpg" /> Abbildung 1. Schematische die neun wichtigsten Schritte bei der Herstellung des MPEG- b -PPheGE Copolymer zeigt. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54422/54422fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">Bitte klicken Sie hier</a> , um <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54422/54422fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">eine größere Version dieser Figur zu sehen.</a> 1. Herstellung d...

<ol>
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Aufgrund der guten Steuerung, die anionische Polymerisation über Molekulargewicht bereitstellt, ist es eines der am meisten angewandten Prozesse in der Industrie zur Herstellung von Polymeren auf Basis von Monomeren Oxiran (PEG und PPG). Optimal und stringenten Bedingungen verwendet werden muss für eine erfolgreiche Polymerisation erreicht werden. Konsequente Reinigung aller Reagenzien und geeignete Vorrichtungen sind für den lebendigen Charakter der Synthese von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Einschränkungen der aktuellen...

In wässrigen Medien, montieren amphiphile Blockcopolymere nano-sized Blockcopolymermicellen (BCMs), die aus einem hydrophoben Kern, der von einer hydrophilen Schale oder corona umgeben zu bilden. Der Micellkern kann für den Einbau von hydrophoben Arzneimitteln als Reservoir dienen; während der hydrophile corona stellt eine Schnittstelle zwischen dem Kern und dem äußeren Medium. Poly (ethylenglykol) (PEG) und ihre Derivate sind eine der wichtigsten Klassen von Polymeren und eines der am häufigsten in der Arzneimittelformulierung verwendet. 1-3 BCMs bewährt haben dazu einen würdigen Arzneimittelabgabeplattform zu sein mit mehreren Formulierungen angewiesen Technologie , die jetzt im späten Stadium der klinischen Entwicklung. 4 Am häufigsten wird der hydrophobe Block des Copolymers aus Polycaprolacton, Poly (D, L-lactid), Poly (propylenoxid) oder Poly (β-benzyl-L-aspartat) besteht. 5 -9 Kataoka Gruppe untersucht kugelförmige Mizellen aus PEO - b gebildet </em&gt; -PBLA Und Poly (ethylenoxid) - b -. (Polyasparaginsäure-konjugierte Doxorubicin) für die Lieferung von Doxorubicin (DOX) 10,11 In ihren Berichten stellen sie fest, dass π-π - Wechselwirkungen vorwärts zwischen dem Polymer-konjugierten Medikament oder PBLA und frei DOX wirken, um die Micellkern was zu Erhöhungen von Wirkstoffbeladung und Retention zu stabilisieren. Nachgewiesen wird , dass die Kompatibilität oder Interaktionen zwischen einem Arzneimittel und dem Kern bildenden Block sind Determinanten von Key Performance bezogenen Parameter. 12 Zusätzlich zu DOX eine Reihe von Krebstherapeutika umfassen aromatische Ringe innerhalb ihrer Kernstruktur (zB Methotrexat, olaparib, SN -38). Als Ergebnis besteht erhebliches Interesse an der Synthese von Copolymeren, die benzyl Ringe in ihren kernbildenden Blöcke aufweisen. Anionische Ringöffnungspolymerisation von PEG und seine Derivate ermöglichen die Kontrolle über das Molekulargewicht und führen in Materialien mit geringer Uneinheitlichkeit in guter Ausbeute. 13,14 Ethylene Oxid mit Phenylglycidylether (PheGE) oder Styroloxid (SO) kann (co) polymerisiert werden Blockcopolymere zu bilden , die Mizellen zur Solubilisierung von hydrophoben Arzneimitteln bilden. 15-18 Der vorliegende Bericht beschreibt die notwendigen Schritte für eine lebende anionische Polymerisation von Phenyl Glycidylether - Monomer auf mPEG-OH als Makroinitiator (Abbildung 1). Das resultierende Blockcopolymer und seine Aggregate werden dann in Bezug auf die Eigenschaften von Relevanz dadurch gekennzeichnet, Arzneimittelabgabe zu verwenden.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="742">
	<colgroup>
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
		<col span="2" />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="62">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="62" style="height:62px;width:224px;">DMEM/HAMF12</td>
			<td colspan="3" style="width:227px;">Gibco, Life Technologies</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="width:125px;">12500</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:171px;">Supplemented with 10%FBS. Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath 
			&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" height="20" style="height:20px;">Trypsin-EDTA(0.25%)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">T4049</td>
			<td dir="LTR">Warm in 37 &#176;C water bath&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal bovine serum (FBS)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">F1051</td>
			<td dir="LTR">Canada origin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">MDA-MB-468 cell line</td>
			<td colspan="3">ATCC</td>
			<td colspan="2">HTB-132</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">MTS tetrazolium reagent</td>
			<td colspan="3">PROMEGA</td>
			<td colspan="2">G111B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" height="20" style="height:20px;">Phenazine ethosulfate (PES)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">P4544</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;95%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">mPEG5K (Mn 5400 g/mol)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">81323</td>
			<td>PDI=1.02</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Dimethylsolfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">D4540</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Naphthalene</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">147141</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Phenyl glycidyl ether</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">A32608</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;85%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Benzophenone</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">427551</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;99%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Potassium</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">451096</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td colspan="3">Caledon Laboratory Chemicals</td>
			<td colspan="2">8900 1</td>
			<td dir="LTR">ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Hexane</td>
			<td colspan="3">Caledon Laboratory Chemicals</td>
			<td colspan="2">5500 1</td>
			<td dir="LTR">ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Calcium hydride (CaH2)</td>
			<td colspan="3">ACP</td>
			<td colspan="2">C-0460</td>
			<td dir="LTR">&#62;99.5%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Diethyl Ether</td>
			<td colspan="3">Caledon Laboratory Chemicals</td>
			<td colspan="2">1/10/4800</td>
			<td dir="LTR">ACS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Microplate reader</td>
			<td colspan="3">BioTek Instruments</td>
			<td colspan="2"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)</td>
			<td colspan="3">TA Instruments Inc</td>
			<td colspan="2">DSC Q100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="32">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="32" style="height:32px;">Gel permeation chromatography (GPC)</td>
			<td colspan="3">Waters</td>
			<td colspan="2" style="width:125px;">2695 separation moldule / 2414 detector&#160;</td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:171px;">2 Columns: Agilent Plgel 5&#181;m Mixed-D</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">NMR spectroscopy</td>
			<td colspan="3">Varian Mercury 400MHz</td>
			<td colspan="2"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">Chloroform-d</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">151858</td>
			<td dir="LTR">99.96%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" dir="LTR" height="20" style="height:20px;">DMSO-d</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">156914</td>
			<td dir="LTR">99.96%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" height="20" style="height:20px;">Vaccum pump&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="3">Gardner Denver Welch Vacuum Tech, Inc.</td>
			<td colspan="2"></td>
			<td>Ultimate&#160; pressure 1.10-4 torr</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td colspan="3" height="20" style="height:20px;">Drierit with indicator, 8 mesh</td>
			<td colspan="3">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td colspan="2">238988</td>
			<td>Regenerated at 230&#176;C for 2 hrs</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

anionic polymerization of an amphiphilic copolymer for preparation of block copolymer micelles stabilized by &#960;-&#960; stacking interactions

In dieser Studie wurde ein amphiphiles Copolymer , das einen Kern bildenden Block mit Phenylgruppen enthält wurde durch lebende anionische Polymerisation von Phenylglycidylether (PheGE) auf Methoxypolyethylenglykol (MPEG - b -PPheGE) synthetisiert. Charakterisierung des Copolymers ergab eine enge Molekularverteilung (PDI &lt;1,03) und bestätigt den Polymerisationsgrad von mPEG 122 - b - (PheGE) 15. Die kritische Mizellenkonzentration des Copolymers wurde unter Verwendung eines etablierten Fluoreszenzmethode mit dem Aggregationsverhalten durch dynamische Lichtstreuung, und Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie bewertet ausgewertet. Das Potential des Copolymers zur Verwendung in Drug - Delivery - Anwendungen wurde in einer vorläufigen Weise bewertet , einschließlich In - vitro - Biokompatibilität, Beladung und Freisetzung des hydrophoben Antikrebsmittel Doxorubicin (DOX). Eine stabile Mizellen Formulierung von DOX wurde mit Wirkstoffbeladung Ebenen bis vorbereitet auf 14% (wt%), Wirkstoffbeladung effici-Folien&gt; 60% (w / w) und anhaltende Freisetzung des Arzneimittels über 4 Tage unter physiologisch relevanten Bedingungen (sauren und neutralen pH-Wert, Vorhandensein von Albumin). Die hohe Wirkstoffbeladung Niveau und mit verzögerter Freisetzung wird zur Stabilisierung der π-π-Wechselwirkungen zwischen DOX und dem Kern bildenden Block der Mizellen zurückgeführt.

<img alt="Figur 3" src="/files/ftp_upload/54422/54422fig3.jpg" /> Abbildung 3. Abbildung der anionische Polymerisation von Phenylglycidylether auf mPEG Makroinitiator MPEG- b zu produzieren - (PheGE) 15 zur Herstellung von Blockcopolymermizellen für die Beladung von Doxorubicin Das Schema zeigt die Deprotonierung der Hydroxylgruppe von mPEG mit Naphthalin <stro...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by Ãâ‚¬-Ãâ‚¬ Stacking Interactions at JoVE.com

Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by ÃƒÆ’Ã‚ÂÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬-ÃƒÆ’Ã‚ÂÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ Stacking Interactions

Die Schlüsselschritte der lebenden anionischen Polymerisation von Phenylglycidylether (PheGE) auf Methoxypolyethylenglykol (MPEG - b -PPheGE) beschrieben. Die resultierenden Blockcopolymermizellen (BCMs) wurden unter physiologisch relevanten Bedingungen wurde mit Doxorubicin 14% (wt%) und eine verzögerte Freisetzung des Arzneimittels über 4 Tage geladen erhalten.

Die anionische Polymerisation eines amphiphilen Copolymer zur Herstellung von Blockcopolymermicellen Stabilisiert durch π-π-Stapelwechselwirkungen

In this study, an amphiphilic copolymer that includes a core-forming block with phenyl groups was synthesized by living anionic polymerization of phenyl ...

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Organic Chemistry

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Anionic Polymerization of an Amphiphilic Copolymer for Preparation of Block Copolymer Micelles Stabilized by &#960;-&#960; Stacking Interactions

Synthetic Polymers

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Chemie

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Verwendung Polystyrol-<em&gt; Block</em&gt; -Poly (Acrylsäure) beschichteten Metallnanopartikel als Monomere für ihre Homo- und Polymerisation

We present a template-free method for &#8220;polymerizing&#8221; nanoparticles into long chains without side branches. A variety of nanoparticles are ...

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Herstellung und Charakterisierung von Einzel-und Multi-Wirkstoff beladen Körperlich Eingeschlossene Polymermicellen

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Facile Herstellung von Intern Selbstorganisierte Lipidpartikel stabilisiert durch Kohlenstoff-Nanoröhren

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Einfache Synthese von wurmartigen Mizellen durch sichtbares Licht Mediated Dispersion Polymerisation mit Photoredox Katalysator

Presented herein is a protocol for the facile synthesis of worm-like micelles by visible light mediated dispersion polymerization. This approach begins ...

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