Name: design and use of a low cost, automated morbidostat for adaptive evolution of bacteria under antibiotic drug selection
Uploaded: 2016-09-27T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection at JoVE.com

The authors would like to thank Prof. Sze-Bi Hsu and Ms. Zhenzhen for useful discussions and help in the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Y. T. Y. would like to acknowledge funding support from the Ministry of Science and Technology under grant numbers MOST 103-2220-E-007-026 and MOST 104-2220-E-007-011, and from the National Tsing Hua University under grant numbers 103N2042E1, 104N2042E1, and 105N518CE1.

1. Montagem e pré-teste do dispositivo Morbidostat <ol><li> Assembleia da Morbidostat <ol><li> Soco 3 furos na tampa do frasco de cultura com uma agulha de seringa 18 G. Corte três peças de tubagem de polietileno ~ 7 cm de comprimento. Inserir essas três pedaços de tubos de polietileno na tampa. </li><li> Use fita para envolver a borda da tampa para servir como o elenco para a mistura de polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS). Dissolvem-se 5 g de componente A e 0,5 g de componente B de o PDMS em um recipiente de plástico de...

<ol>
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Um dispositivo morbidostat baixa pegada de componentes de baixo custo é demonstrada. Os aumentos no nível de resistência a drogas registadas pelo dispositivo são consistentes com os dos relatórios anteriores 5. Concebido para estudos evolutivos de resistência a drogas, o dispositivo é potencialmente aplicável a muitas outras experiências. Primeiro, um banco de dados abrangente de mutações induzidas pela droga pode ser estabelecido para um grande conjunto de antibióticos clinicamente relevantes. Po...

Desde a introdução da primeira penicilina antibiótico, a resistência aos antibióticos microbiana tornou-se um problema de saúde global 1. Embora a aquisição de resistência a antibióticos pode ser retrospectivamente estudados in vivo, as condições destas experiências muitas vezes não são controlados ao longo de toda a evolução 2. Alternativamente, evolução adaptativa laboratório pode revelar a evolução molecular de uma determinada espécie microbiana sob stresses ambientais ou pressão de seleção de um medicamento antibiótico 3. Recentemente, muitas experiências evolutivas bem controlados de resistência aos medicamentos antibióticos elucidaram o surgimento de resistência aos medicamentos antibióticos. Por exemplo, o grupo de Austin demonstrado surgimento rápido num ambiente compartimentado microfluidos adequadamente manipulado 4. O morbidostat recentemente desenvolvido induz a mutações sistemáticas sob droga pressão de seleção 5,6. O morbidostat, uma selec microbianação dispositivo que ajusta continuamente a concentração de antibiótico para manter uma população praticamente constante, é um grande avanço a partir do teste de flutuação utilizado em microbiologia 7,8. No teste de flutuação, uma droga antibiótica é injectada a alta concentração, e os sobreviventes mutantes são rastreadas e contadas. Em vez disso, os micróbios em um morbidostat são constantemente desafiados e adquirir múltiplas mutações. O morbidostat opera de forma semelhante ao quimiostato, cultura de um dispositivo inventado por Novick e Szliard em 1950 que mantém uma população constante através do fornecimento de nutrientes continuamente enquanto que a diluição da população microbiana 9. Desde a sua introdução, o quemostato tem sido avançado e melhorado. quimiostatos microfluídicos em curso alcançaram capacidades nanolitros e de uma única célula. No entanto, estes dispositivos não são adequados para experiências evolução adaptativa, que necessitam de uma população de células grandes com muitos eventos de mutação 10,11. Recentemente, mini-quimiostatos com volumes de trabalho de ~ 10 ml também foram desenvolvidos para preencher a lacuna entre biorreatores em escala litro eo microfluídico quemostato 12,13. Aqui apresentamos a concepção e utilização de um baixo custo, morbidostat automatizado para um estudo de resistência aos medicamentos antibióticos. O módulo proposto pode ser empregue num incubador agitador de laboratório com microbiologia requisito mínimo de hardware. O firmware open-source também é facilmente adaptado para aplicações específicas de evolução adaptativa, tais como engenharia metabólica 3. Finalmente, o morbidostat é integrado em uma plataforma microfluídica multiplexado para testes de sensibilidade aos antibióticos 14.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="797">
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Environmental Shaker Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">BioSan</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">ES-20</td>
			<td style="width:227px;"></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Arduino Leonardo board</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Arduino</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Leonardo</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">680 Ohm Carbon Resistor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Digikey</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Bias resistor for LED</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">100k Ohm Carbon resistor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Digikey</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Bias resistor for phototransistor</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">940 nm light emitting diode</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Bright LED Electronic</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">BIR-BM13E4G-2</td>
			<td>Optical density measurement</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">940 nm phototransistor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Kodenshi&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">ST-2L2B</td>
			<td>Optical density measurement</td>
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			<td height="57" style="height:57px;">Darlington pair IC Toshiba</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Mouser</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">ULN2803APG</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">&#160;this IC drives micropumps and magnetic stirring unit</td>
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			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:275px;">5V DC brushless fan&#160;</td>
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			<td style="width:163px;">AD0405LX-G70</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">spec: 5V supply voltage and 80mA available www.jameco.com</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Piezoelectric micropump</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">CurieJet</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">PS15I-FT-5L</td>
			<td>Pressure &#62;3kPa&#160; Flow rate &#62;5 ml/min</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Tygon 3350 Tuning</td>
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			<td style="width:163px;">ABW00001</td>
			<td>ID: 1/32&#34; OD: 3/32&#34; L:50&#39;&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Magnetic Stir bar</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">COWIE</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>tapered shape dim: 10 mm x 4mm</td>
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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">Glass scintillation 20ml vial</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">DGS</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Pyrex glass 28mm(dia.)x 61 mm(h)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="48">
			<td height="48" style="height:48px;width:275px;">Culture vial holder</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Custom made from Polyformaldehyde&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Silicone&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Dow Corning</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Sylgald 184</td>
			<td>used to seal the glass vial</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Medium bottle</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">66022-065</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td style="width:135px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Medium</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Cadamino Acid</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>Medium</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">glucose</td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Agar Bateriological</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Oxoid</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>for agar plate</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Luria Bertani medium</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
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		<tr height="41">
			<td height="41" style="height:41px;width:275px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Leica Microsystems</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Leica DMI-LED</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">used for microfluidic measurement Use X40 objective NA=0.55</td>
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			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:275px;">Microscope Incubator</td>
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			<td style="width:163px;">CU-109</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic measurement</td>
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			<td height="49" style="height:49px;width:275px;">Solenoidal valves</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Pneumadyne</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">S10MM-31-12-3</td>
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			<td>for microfluidics measurement</td>
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			<td height="45" style="height:45px;width:275px;">Air compressor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Rocker Scientific</td>
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			<td style="width:227px;">Pressure source for microfluidcs Max. Pressure 80 Psi</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Male luer-lock fittings to 1/8&#34; barb</td>
			<td>ValuePlastics.com</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">MTLL230-1</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/8&#34; barb to 10-32 threaded port</td>
			<td>ValuePlastics.com</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">B-1</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female luer-lock fittings to 10-32 threaded port</td>
			<td>ValuePlastics.com</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">KFTL-1</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NPN darlington transistor 500mA, 40V (2N6427)</td>
			<td>DigiKey.com</td>
			<td>2N6427GOS-ND</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
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			<td>DigiKey.com</td>
			<td>P10KBACT-ND</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
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			<td>DigiKey.com</td>
			<td>478-1841-ND</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Andor CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Andor</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Zyla 4.2 Plus SCMOS</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic on chip imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">ELISA plate reader</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">two component Silicone&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Momentive</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">RTV 615</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic chip fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">SU-8 photoresist</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Micrchem</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">SU8 2015</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic chip fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">AZ4620 photoresist</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Clariant</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">AZ 4620</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic chip fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Plasma cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Harrick Plasma</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">PDC 32G</td>
			<td>used for microfluidic chip fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">20 Gauge Syringe Needle</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td>used for microfluidic chip fabrication</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Labcycler</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sensoquest</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Labcycler</td>
			<td>PCR&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">DNA polymerase</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Toyobo</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">KDO Plus</td>
			<td>PCR amplification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Trimethoprim</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:163px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:275px;">Plate reader</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Biotek</td>
			<td style="width:163px;">Synergy H1 hybrid&#160;</td>
			<td>antibiotic resistane measurement</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

design and use of a low cost, automated morbidostat for adaptive evolution of bacteria under antibiotic drug selection

Descreve-se um baixo custo, morbidostat configurável para a caracterização da via evolutiva da resistência aos antibióticos. O morbidostat é um dispositivo de cultura bacteriana que monitora continuamente o crescimento bacteriano e ajusta dinamicamente a concentração da droga para desafiar constantemente as bactérias à medida que evoluem para adquirir resistência aos medicamentos. O dispositivo dispõe de um volume de trabalho de ~ 10 mL e é totalmente automatizado e equipado com medição de densidade óptica e micro-bombas para médio e entrega de droga. Para validar a plataforma, medimos a aquisição gradual de resistência trimetoprim em Escherichia coli MG 1655, e integrada com o dispositivo de microfluidos de uma plataforma multiplexado para investigar a morfologia das células e sensibilidade aos antibióticos. A abordagem pode ser up-dimensionado para estudos laboratoriais de resistência aos medicamentos antibióticos, e é extensível para adaptativa evolução de melhorias de tensão em engenharia metabólica e outros experimentos de cultura bacteriana.

O morbidostat acima descrito está esquematizado na Figura 1. As operações morbidostat comuns, incluindo a evolução experimental, teste de susceptibilidade aos antibióticos e a morfologia das células de controlo, foram validados em uma E. coli MG1655 cultura exposta ao trimetoprim (TMP), um fármaco antibiótico comumente utilizado 5,6. TMP induz aumentos graduais muito distintas em resistência aos medicamentos, e as mutações são agrupados e...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection at JoVE.com

Design and Use of a Low Cost, Automated Morbidostat for Adaptive Evolution of Bacteria Under Antibiotic Drug Selection

We describe a low cost, configurable morbidostat that enables the characterization of antibiotic drug resistance by dynamically adjusting the drug concentration. The device can be integrated with a multiplexed microfluidic platform. The approach can be scaled up for laboratory antibiotic drug resistance studies.

Concepção e utilização de um baixo custo, Automated Morbidostat para Adaptive Evolução das bactérias sob Antibiótico Seleção de Drogas

We describe a low cost, configurable morbidostat for characterizing the evolutionary pathway of antibiotic resistance. The morbidostat is a bacterial ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Procedure for Adaptive Laboratory Evolution of Microorganisms Using a Chemostat

Processo para o Adaptive Laboratório Evolução de microrganismos utilizando um quimiostato

Natural evolution involves genetic diversity such as environmental change and a selection between small populations. Adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) ...

Genética

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

High-throughput Identification of Synergistic Drug Combinations by the Overlap2 Method

Identificação de alta produtividade de combinações de drogas sinérgica pelo método de sobreposição2

Although antimicrobial drugs have dramatically increased the lifespan and quality of life in the 20th century, antimicrobial resistance threatens our ...

Testing the Role of Multicopy Plasmids in the Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance

Testando o papel de plasmídeos multicópia na evolução da resistência aos antibióticos

Multicopy plasmids are extremely abundant in prokaryotes but their role in bacterial evolution remains poorly understood. We recently showed that the ...

Genome-wide Surveillance of Transcription Errors in Eukaryotic Organisms

Vigilância de todo o genoma de erros de transcrição em organismos eucarióticos

Accurate transcription is required for the faithful expression of genetic information. Surprisingly though, little is known about the mechanisms that ...

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

Producing Gene Deletions in Escherichia coli by P1 Transduction with Excisable Antibiotic Resistance Cassettes

Produzindo a deleção do Gene na Escherichia coli por transdução P1 com fitas de resistência aos antibióticos sujeitos

A first approach to study the function of an unknown gene in bacteria is to create a knock-out of this gene. Here, we describe a robust and fast protocol ...

qKAT: Quantitative Semi-automated Typing of Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Genes

qKAT: quantitativa coeficiente digitação de assassino-célula Genes de receptores de imunoglobulina-como

Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are a set of inhibitory and activating immune receptors, on natural killer (NK) and T cells, encoded by a ...

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Engenharia genética de células de Dictyostelium discoideum com base na seleção e crescimento de bactérias

Dictyostelium discoideum is an intriguing model organism for the study of cell differentiation processes during development, cell signaling, and other ...

Designing Automated, High-throughput, Continuous Cell Growth Experiments Using eVOLVER

Projetando experimentos de crescimento de células contínuas, de alta produtividade e automatizados usando o eVOLVER

Continuous culture methods enable cells to be grown under quantitatively controlled environmental conditions, and are thus broadly useful for measuring ...

Use of Frozen Tissue in the Comet Assay for the Evaluation of DNA Damage

Uso de tecido congelado no ensaio do cometa para avaliação de danos no DNA

The comet assay is gaining popularity as a means to assess DNA damage in cultured cells and tissues, particularly following exposure to chemicals or other ...

Use of Drosophila S2 Cells for Live Imaging of Cell Division

Use of Drosophila S2 Cells for Live Imaging of Cell Division

Uso de células de Drosophila S2 para imagens ao vivo da divisão celular

Drosophila S2 cells are an important tool in studying mitosis in tissue culture, providing molecular insights into this fundamental cellular process in a ...