Name: neonatal cardiac scaffolds: novel matrices for regenerative studies
Uploaded: 2016-11-05T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Cardiac Scaffolds: Novel Matrices for Regenerative Studies at JoVE.com

The authors gratefully acknowledge Ms. Cynthia DeKay for the preparation of the figures.

تم إجراء جميع التجارب الماوس وفقا لقانون رعاية الحيوان الولايات المتحدة وتمت الموافقة من قبل لجنة رعاية واستخدام الحيوان المؤسسي في جامعة مينيسوتا. 1. طريقة للماوس القلب العزلة <ol style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"><li style=";text-align:right;direction:rtl"> الموت ببطء ا?...

<ol>
	<li>Yusen, R. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Registry+of+the+International+Society+for+Heart+and+Lung+Transplantation:+Thirty-second+official+adult+lung+and+heart-lung+transplantation+report--2015.">Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Thirty-second official adult lung and heart-lung transplantation report--2015.</a> J Heart Lung Transplant. 34 (10), 1264-1277 (2015).</li><li>Go, A. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heart+disease+and+stroke+statistics--2014+update:+A+report+from+the+american+heart+association.">Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: A report from the american heart association.</a> Circulation. 129 (3), e28-e292 (2014).</li><li>Kapelios, C. J., Nanas, J. N., Malliaras, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allogeneic+cardiosphere-derived+cells+for+myocardial+regeneration:+current+progress+and+recent+results.">Allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells for myocardial regeneration: current progress and recent results.</a> Future Cardiol. 12 (1), 87-100 (2016).</li><li>Ott, H. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perfusion+decellularized+matrix:+Using+nature's+platform+to+engineer+a+bioartificial+heart.">Perfusion decellularized matrix: Using nature's platform to engineer a bioartificial heart.</a> Nat Med. 14 (2), 213-221 (2008).</li><li>Porrello, E. R., Olson, E. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+neonatal+blueprint+for+cardiac+regeneration.">A neonatal blueprint for cardiac regeneration.</a> Stem Cell Research. 13 (3 Pt B), 556-570 (2014).</li><li>Porrello, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transient+regenerative+potential+of+the+neonatal+mouse+heart.">Transient regenerative potential of the neonatal mouse heart.</a> Science. 331 (6020), 1078-1080 (2011).</li><li>Polizzotti, B. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuregulin+stimulation+of+cardiomyocyte+regeneration+in+mice+and+human+myocardium+reveals+a+therapeutic+window.">Neuregulin stimulation of cardiomyocyte regeneration in mice and human myocardium reveals a therapeutic window.</a> Sci Transl Med. 7 (281), 281ra45 (2015).</li><li>Jesty, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=c-kit++precursors+support+postinfarction+myogenesis+in+the+neonatal,+but+not+adult,+heart.">c-kit+ precursors support postinfarction myogenesis in the neonatal, but not adult, heart.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109 (33), 13380-13385 (2012).</li><li>Ambrosy, A. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Global+Health+and+Economic+Burden+of+Hospitalizations+for+Heart+Failure:+Lessons+Learned+From+Hospitalized+Heart+Failure+Registries.">The Global Health and Economic Burden of Hospitalizations for Heart Failure: Lessons Learned From Hospitalized Heart Failure Registries.</a> J Am Coll Cardiol. 63 (12), 1123-1133 (2014).</li><li>Roger, V. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Executive+Summary:+Heart+Disease+and+Stroke+Statistics-2012+Update+A+Report+From+the+American+Heart+Association.">Executive Summary: Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2012 Update A Report From the American Heart Association.</a> Circulation. 125 (22), 188-197 (2012).</li><li>Kennedy-Lydon, T., Rosenthal, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+regeneration:+epicardial+mediated+repair.">Cardiac regeneration: epicardial mediated repair.</a> Proc R Soc B. 282 (1821), 2147-2172 (2015).</li><li>Williams, C., Sullivan, K., Black, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Partially+Digested+Adult+Cardiac+Extracellular+Matrix+Promotes+Cardiomyocyte+Proliferation+In+Vitro.">Partially Digested Adult Cardiac Extracellular Matrix Promotes Cardiomyocyte Proliferation In Vitro.</a> Adv Healthcare Mat. 4 (10), 1545-1554 (2015).</li><li>Borg, T. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recognition+of+extracellular+matrix+components+by+neonatal+and+adult+cardiac+myocytes.">Recognition of extracellular matrix components by neonatal and adult cardiac myocytes.</a> Dev Biol. 104 (1), 86-96 (1984).</li><li>Strober, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Trypan+blue+exclusion+test+of+cell+viability.">Trypan blue exclusion test of cell viability.</a> Curr Protoc Immnol. 111, A3-B1-3 (2015).</li><li>Gilbert, T. W., Freund, J. M., Badylak, S. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantification+of+DNA+in+biologic+scaffold+materials.">Quantification of DNA in biologic scaffold materials.</a> J Surg Res. 152 (1), 135-139 (2009).</li><li>Akhyari, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+quest+for+an+optimized+protocol+for+whole-heart+decellularization:+a+comparison+of+three+popular+and+a+novel+decellularization+technique+and+their+diverse+effects+on+crucial+extracellular+matrix+qualities.">The quest for an optimized protocol for whole-heart decellularization: a comparison of three popular and a novel decellularization technique and their diverse effects on crucial extracellular matrix qualities.</a> Tissue Eng Part C Methods. 17 (9), 915-926 (2011).</li><li>Lu, T. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repopulation+of+decellularized+mouse+heart+with+human+induced+pluripotent+stem+cell-derived+cardiovascular+progenitor+cells.">Repopulation of decellularized mouse heart with human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells.</a> Nat Commun. 4 (2307), 1-11 (2013).</li></ol>

اعتماد هذه التقنية على تروية دموية متكررة من القلب يجعل تلافي حدوث الانسداد عنصر حاسم في تحقيق نتائج ناجحة. من القسطرة الأولية للقلب في خطوات 2،2-2،6، إلى التغييرات من حل بين خطوات 2،8-2،14، هناك التلاعب التي يمكن أن تسمح مقدمة من فقاعات الهواء التي حل وسط تدفق سائل الإرو?...

فشل القلب هو شائع وقاتل. وهو مرض التدريجي الذي يؤدي إلى انقباض انخفضت من القلب، الذي يعوق تدفق الدم إلى الأعضاء ويترك مطالب التمثيل الغذائي في الجسم تتم تلبيتها. ويقدر أن 5.7 مليون أميركي يعانون قصور القلب وهذا هو السبب الرئيسي في المستشفى في الولايات المتحدة 9. تكلفة الجماعية لعلاج المرضى في فشل القلب في الولايات المتحدة يتجاوز 300 مليار $ دولار سنويا 9-10. العلاج النهائي الوحيد للفشل نهاية المرحلة القلب هو مثلي زرع القلب. في كل عام، وتشير التقديرات إلى أن هناك حاجة إلى أكثر من 100،000 قلوب المانحة لعمليات زرع القلب في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية 1-2. ويرجع ذلك إلى عدد محدود من الجهات المانحة، يتم تنفيذ سوى ما يقرب من 2400 عملية زراعة سنويا في الولايات المتحدة (2). بوضوح، يحتاج هذا النقص الجهاز لمعالجتها كما هو مطلوب استراتيجيات أخرى لإنتاج أجهزة إضافية لtransplantaنشوئها، ومن الناحية المثالية، هذه الأجهزة سيكون ذاتي وذلك لتجنب المضاعفات المرتبطة الرفض وكبت المناعة مدى الحياة. العضلية الكبار الثدييات يبرهن على وجود قدرة على التجدد محدودة على الاصابة لكن تشير أدلة حديثة أن قلوب الأطفال حديثي الولادة الثدييات الحفاظ على القدرة على التجدد ملحوظة بعد الاصابة 5-8. على وجه التحديد، وبعد استئصال الجراحي الجزئي، وقد تم اكتشاف نافذة التجديدي بين الولادة وبعد الولادة يوم 7. وتتميز هذه الفترة التجدد بسبب عدم وجود ندبة متليفة، وتشكيل اتساع الأوعية الدموية، وإطلاق سراح من العوامل عائية من النخاب، وcardiomyocyte انتشار 5-8 11. يوفر هذا الإطار التجدد الوقت إمكانية استخدام قلب الأطفال حديثي الولادة كمصدر جديدة من مواد لتطوير قلب bioartificial. ومن المعروف أن المصفوفة خارج الخلية لتقديم العظة هامة لتعزيز cardiomyocytالبريد انتشار والنمو. وقد استكشفت اختلافات واضحة في توافر الجزيئات في المصفوفات حديثي الولادة والبالغين 12 و قدرتها على تشجيع تجديد 13. وقد استخدمت المصفوفات الكبار Decellularized في العديد من الدراسات لتوفير سقالة ECM لإعادة تعمير الخلوي وتوليد قلب bioartificial. في حين أن هذه الدراسات والاكتشافات الجديدة في مجال تكنولوجيا الخلايا الجذعية، تحقق تقدما سريعا، لها عدة عقبات لم تتحقق بعد. على سبيل المثال، القيود في الحفاظ على بنية الأصلي للمصفوفة، والتكامل الخلوي في الجدار مصفوفة، والقدرة على دعم انتشار ونمو كل حد في نجاح هذا النهج. في حين نسبت سمات التجدد متفوقة على قلب الأطفال حديثي الولادة، والجوانب العملية لاستخدام هذه الأنسجة محدودة التنقيب. وبناء على القدرة التجديدية أثبت للقلب الأطفال حديثي الولادة، وقد وضعنا مصفوفات جديدة من خلال تطويرتقنية decellularization للقلب P3 الماوس. وقد تم اختيار قلب P3 لهذه الدراسات كما هو ضمن إطار التجديد القلب كما سبق تحديدها 6 ولكن القلب هو كبير بما يكفي لموسم الحصاد، decellularize وrecellularize. الهدف من هذه الدراسة هو إظهار جدوى إنشاء مصفوفة من قلب فأر حديثي الولادة. توفر دراستنا دليلا على جدوى decellularizing دقيقة واحدة، قلب الأطفال حديثي الولادة مع الحفاظ على السلامة الهيكلية والبروتينية إدارة المحتوى في المؤسسة. علينا أن نبرهن أيضا القدرة على recellularize هذا ECM القلب مع mCherry العضلية التعبير ولقد درست هذه العضلية للتعبير عن مختلف علامات القلب التالية recellularization. ستسمح هذه التقنية لللاختبار تفوق مصفوفة حديثي الولادة لتطوير قلب bioartificial.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:451px;">1. Materials For Mouse Heart Isolation</td>
			<td style="width:323px;"></td>
			<td style="width:123px;"></td>
			<td style="width:157px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">P1 mouse pups (as shown; B6;D2-Tg(Myh6*-mCherry)2Mik/J)</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratories</td>
			<td>21577</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 mm Culture dish</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>353004</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4 (sterile)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30256.01</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Single Use Blade</td>
			<td>Stanley</td>
			<td>28-510</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Scissors</td>
			<td>Moria Bonn (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>14381-43</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Spring Scissors 10 cm</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15024-10</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vannas Spring Scissors - 3mm Cutting Edge</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>15000-00</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">#5 Forceps</td>
			<td>Dumnot (Fine Science Tools)</td>
			<td>11295-00</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2. Materials For Decellularization</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Inlet adaptor</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-1013</td>
			<td>autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Septum</td>
			<td>Chemglass</td>
			<td>CG-3022-99</td>
			<td>autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/8 in. ID x 3/8 OD C-Flex tubing</td>
			<td>Cole-Parmer&#160;</td>
			<td>EW-06422-10</td>
			<td>autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Male luer to 1/8&#34; hose barb adaptor</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>51525K33</td>
			<td>autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Female luer to 1/8&#34; hose barb adaptor</td>
			<td>McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>51525K26</td>
			<td>autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Prolene 7-0 surgical suture&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8648G</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ring stand</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S47807</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clamp</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-769-6Q</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Clamp regular holder</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>05-754Q</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">60 cc syringe barrel&#160;</td>
			<td>Coviden</td>
			<td>1186000777T</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Beaker</td>
			<td>Kimble</td>
			<td>14000250</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">22g x 1 Syringe Needle&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305155</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">12 cc syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>Coviden</td>
			<td>8881512878</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3-way stop cock&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td>Smith Medical&#160;</td>
			<td>MX5311L</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">22 x 1 g needle&#160;</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>305155</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PE50 tubing&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Clay Adams Intramedic</td>
			<td>427411</td>
			<td>Must be formable by heat. Polyethylene recommended</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% SDS&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15525-017</td>
			<td>Ultrapure grade recommended. Make up fresh solution and filter sterilize before use.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1% Triton X-100&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8787</td>
			<td>Make up fresh solution from a 10% stock and filter sterilize before use.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;">Sterile dH2O</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30538.02</td>
			<td>Or MilliQ system purified water.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1X Pen/Strep&#160;</td>
			<td>Corning CellGro</td>
			<td>30-001-Cl</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3. Materials For DNA Quantitation</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Proteinase K&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher</td>
			<td>BP1700</td>
			<td>&#62;30U/mg activity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">KCl</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9333</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl*6H2O</td>
			<td>Mallinckrodt</td>
			<td>5958-04</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tween 20&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P1379</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris base/hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1503/T5941</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pico-Green dsDNA assay kit</td>
			<td>Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td>P7589</td>
			<td>requires fluorimeter to read</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">4. Method for fixation and sectioning of tissue.&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P6148</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Gelatin Type A from porcine skin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>G2500</td>
			<td>must be 300 bloom or greater</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">5. Method for tissue histology</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cryomolds 10 x 10 x 5mm</td>
			<td>Tissue-Tek</td>
			<td>4565</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cryostat</td>
			<td>Hacker/Bright</td>
			<td>Model OTF</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microscope Slides&#160; 25 x 75 x 1 mm</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-19</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hematoxylin 560&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgipath/Leica Selectech&#160;</td>
			<td>3801570</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Laboratories</td>
			<td>2701</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Define</td>
			<td>Surgipath/Leica Selectech&#160;</td>
			<td>3803590</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Blue buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgipath/Leica Selectech&#160;</td>
			<td>3802915</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alcoholic Eosin Y 515&#160;</td>
			<td>Surgipath/Leica Selectech&#160;</td>
			<td>3801615</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Formula 83 Xylene substitute&#160;</td>
			<td>CBG Biotech&#160;</td>
			<td>CH0104B</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Permount Mounting Medium&#160;</td>
			<td>Fisher Chemical&#160;</td>
			<td>SP15-500</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Collagen IV Antibody</td>
			<td>Rockland</td>
			<td>600-401-106.1</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">&#945;-Actinin Antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB9465</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">mCherry Antibody</td>
			<td>Abcam</td>
			<td>AB205402</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">NKX2.5 Antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz Biotechnology</td>
			<td>SC-8697</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Donkey anti-mouse AF488 Antibody</td>
			<td>Life Technology</td>
			<td>&#160;A21202&#160;</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Donkey anti-chicken AF594 Antibody</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch&#160;</td>
			<td>703-585-155&#160;</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Donkey anti-goat CY5 Antibody</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch&#160;</td>
			<td>705-175-147</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fab Fragment Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) AF594</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch&#160;</td>
			<td>111-587-003&#160;</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Prolong Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>P36930</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td colspan="2" height="21" style="height:21px;">6. Isolation of neonatal ventricular cardiomyocytes using pre-plating.</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HBSS (Ca, Mg Free)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30031.02</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES (1M)</td>
			<td>Corning CellGro</td>
			<td>25-060-Cl</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cell Strainer</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352340</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL tube</td>
			<td>BD Falcon</td>
			<td>352070</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Primeria 100 mm plates</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>353803</td>
			<td>Primeria surface enhances fibroblast attachment promoting a higher myocyte purity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trypsin</td>
			<td>Difco</td>
			<td>215240</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNase II</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>D8764</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DMEM (Delbecco&#39;s Minimal Essential Media)</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30022.01</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vitamin B12&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>V6629</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fibronectin coated plates&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Bioscience</td>
			<td>354501</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal bovine serum&#160;</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30910.03</td>
			<td>or equivalent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heart bioreactor glassware</td>
			<td>Radnoti Glass Technology</td>
			<td>120101BEZ</td>
			<td>Must be sterilizable by autoclaving or gas.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

neonatal cardiac scaffolds: novel matrices for regenerative studies

The only definitive therapy for end stage heart failure is orthotopic heart transplantation. Each year, it is estimated that more than 100,000 donor hearts are needed for cardiac transplantation procedures in the United States1-2. Due to the limited numbers of donors, only approximately 2,400 transplants are performed each year in the U.S.2. Numerous approaches, from cell therapy studies to implantation of mechanical assist devices, have been undertaken, either alone or in combination, in an attempt to coax the heart to repair itself or to rest the failing heart3. In spite of these efforts, ventricular assist devices are still largely used for the purpose of bridging to transplantation and the utility of cell therapies, while they hold some curative promise, is still limited to clinical trials. Additionally, direct xenotransplantation has been attempted but success has been limited due to immune rejection. Clearly, another strategy is required to produce additional organs for transplantation and, ideally, these organs would be autologous so as to avoid the complications associated with rejection and lifetime immunosuppression. Decellularization is a process of removing resident cells from tissues to expose the native extracellular matrix (ECM) or scaffold. Perfusion decellularization offers complete preservation of the three dimensional structure of the tissue, while leaving the bulk of the mechanical properties of the tissue intact4. These scaffolds can be utilized for repopulation with healthy cells to generate research models and, possibly, much needed organs for transplantation. We have exposed the scaffolds from neonatal mice (P3), known to retain remarkable cardiac regenerative capabilities,5-8 to detergent mediated decellularization and we repopulated these scaffolds with murine cardiac cells. These studies support the feasibility of engineering a neonatal heart construct. They further allow for the investigation as to whether the ECM of early postnatal hearts may harbor cues that will result in improved recellularization strategies.

<html> Decellularization في المتوسط، والوقت لdecellularization من قلب P3 باستخدام هذا البروتوكول ما يقرب من 14 ساعة. يعطى متوسط ​​وزن القلب من 23 ملغ لحديثي الولادة P3. Acellularity يوضح الشكل...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Neonatal Cardiac Scaffolds: Novel Matrices for Regenerative Studies at JoVE.com

Neonatal Cardiac Scaffolds: Novel Matrices for Regenerative Studies

في هذه الدراسات، ونحن نقدم منهجية للرواية، حديثي الولادة، السقالات القلب الفئران للاستخدام في الدراسات التجدد.

حديثي الولادة القلب السقالات: مصفوفات رواية للدراسات التجدد

The only definitive therapy for end stage heart failure is orthotopic heart transplantation.  Each year, it is estimated that more than 100,000 donor ...

The overall goal of this methodology is to generate novel scaffolds from neonatal mirian cardiac tissue for their use in regenerative studies. This method can help answer key questions in regenerative cardiology. Provides a novel model for the study of cell-matrix interactions, as the extracellular matrix is derived from proliferation-capable cardiac tissue.The main advantage of this technique is that it allows for the discovery of the novelties of the neonatal extracellular matrix. Demonstrating the procedure will be Stefan Kren, a technician in my laboratory. Before beginning the procedure, draw a four centimeter section of PE 50 tubing over a small alcohol flame to create a smaller, thinner catheter.Trim the ends to the appropriate dimensions to provide two symmetrical catheters from each side of the PO and briefly place a cut end of the tubing into the flame to melt one phalange onto the opening at the thin end. Next, fill a 12 milliliter syringe with PBS and place a three-way stopcock onto the syringe. Attach a 22 gauge needle to the stopcock and drive the needle through the septum.Then, slide the PE tubing catheter onto the needle and irrigate the assembly with PBS. When the catheter assembly is ready, swab the thorax of the neonate with 70%ethanol. Then use standard scissors to cut the skin away from the chest, while pulling laterally on the tissue with a number five forceps.Next, perforate the abdominal wall just inferior to the sternum and grasp the xyphoid process with the forceps. Retract the sternum rostrally from the body while cutting through the ribs on either side of the chest, and reflect the rib cage superiorly. When the heart is visible, pull laterally on the thymus to dissect the two main lobes, exposing the arch of the aorta and the caval and pulmonary veins.Using 10 centimeter spring scissors, transect the major arteries from the aortic arch, as well as the aorta itself. Grasp the ends of the severed vessels to reflect the heart forward, separating it from the trachea and esophagus, and cut between the lungs and heart and on both sides of the heart to transect the pulmonary vasculature and other major veins. Then, grasp the severed ends of the major vessels and remove the heart from the mediastinum, placing the heart in a 60 millimeter culture dish containing sterile PBS.To decellularize the heart, place the culture dish under a dissecting microscope and insert the catheter assembly needle into the aorta up to, but not extending past, the aortic valve. Secure the needle with one tie of a 7-0 suture, resting the phalange of the catheter proximally against the tie and making a tight seal, and gently perfuse the heart with PBS. If there are no leaks, the tissue will homogeneously blanch as the latent blood is removed.Place the septum into the neck of the inlet adaptor and fold the sides of the septum over the glass. Then, attach a reservoir filled with 60 milliliters of 1%Sodium dodecyl sulfate in distilled water via a line of sufficient length to produce a column that generates 20 millimeters of mercury of pressure, and perfuse the heart with SDS for 14 hours. At the end of the perfusion, the heart will be translucent with no observable remaining tissue.Flush the system up to the stopcock with the remaining SDS solution and fill the reservoir with 10 milliliters of deionized water. Then, flush the heart with consecutive perfusions of 10 milliliters of 1%Triton X-100, 10 milliliters of deionized water, and 60 milliliters of PBS containing penicillin and streptomycin. After the last perfusion, store the heart in PBS and antibiotics at four degrees Celsius.To recellularize the tissue, transfer the catheterized heart matrix into a 60 millimeter culture dish under a dissecting microscope and connect a one milliliter syringe equipped with a 22 gauge needle loaded with the appropriate cells of interest into the catheter. Confirm that the assembly is free of bubbles and gently perfuse 20 microliters of the cell suspension per minute into the heart matrix via the coronary arteries. When 100 microliters of the cells have been delivered, detach the syringe and push the catheter onto a 22 gauge blunt stub secured to the lure fitting on the underside of a bioreactor heart jar lid.Now, start the peristaltic pump and confirm that the flow proceeds from the reservoir via the pump through the bubble trap to the catheter and that the cardiac circulation flows out of the veins and drips from the apex, recirculating to the media reservoir. In these images, the hematoxylin and eosin staining of intact and decellularized hearts is shown. Note the absence of hematoxylin positive nuclei and the diminution of eosinophilic structures in the decellularized heart.To evaluate the content of the neonatal extracellular matrix in intact and decellularized neonatal hearts, immunostaining demonstrates that collagen IV is robustly expressed in both the intact and decellularized heart and that the localization of this protein is maintained following cell removal, while the DAPI positive nuclei are effectively removed. The DNA content is also decreased in neonatal hearts following detergent-based decellularization, consistant with reports using detergent-based decellularization in other tissues. In these images, recellularized cardiomyocytes that have migrated into the wall of the left ventricle can be observed.Up to 23 days after perfusion, these migrated cells may be positive for cardiac progenitor cell markers, mCherry, differentiated cardiomyocyte markers, or DAPI, with the majority of cells expressing all four markers. Once mastered, this technique can be completed in 34 hours if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to remember to ensure not to embolize the heart by introducing air via the perfusion apparatus.Following this procedure, gel production and 3D printing can be used to create proliferative grafts or even 3D hearts in vitro. This technique could pave the way for researchers to promote cardiac regeneration. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to decellularize and recellularize a neonatal mouse heart.Don't forget that working with Sodium dodecyl sulfate can be hazardous, and precautions such as an N-95 mask or a fume hood should always be used while handling the dry powdered reagent.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Elastomeric PGS Scaffolds in Arterial Tissue Engineering

PGS السقالات المرنة في هندسة الأنسجة الشرياني

Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading cause of mortality in the US and especially, coronary artery disease increases with an aging population and ...

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization (DGMP): A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

Density Gradient Multilayered Polymerization DGMP: A Novel Technique for Creating Multi-compartment, Customizable Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering

التدرج الكثافة متعدد الطبقات البلمرة (DGMP): تقنية جديدة لإنشاء موضوع متعدد المقصورة، السقالات للهندسة الأنسجة تخصيص

Complex tissue culture matrices, in which types and concentrations of biological stimuli (e.g. growth factors, inhibitors, or small molecules) or matrix ...

A Novel Three-dimensional Flow Chamber Device to Study Chemokine-directed Extravasation of Cells Circulating under Physiological Flow Conditions

رواية ثلاثي الأبعاد التدفق جهاز الدائرة لدراسة Chemokine الموجه التسرب من خلايا اعارة تحت ظروف تدفق الفسيولوجي

Extravasation of circulating cells from the bloodstream plays a central role in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including stem cell ...

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research

التوافقي النانوية للبحوث التجديدي

In this visualized experiment, protocol details are provided for in vitro labeling of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with second harmonic generation ...

Electrospun Nanofiber Scaffolds with Gradations in Fiber Organization

Electrospun ألياف نانوية السقالات مع التدريجات ​​في منظمة الألياف

The goal of this protocol is to report a simple method for generating nanofiber scaffolds with gradations in fiber organization and test their possible ...

Imaging Cell Viability on Non-transparent Scaffolds &#8212; Using the Example of a Novel Knitted Titanium Implant

قابلية التصوير خلية على السقالات غير شفافة - استخدام مثال على رواية محبوك التيتانيوم زراعة الاسنان

Intervertebral disc degeneration and disc herniation is one of the major causes of lower back pain. Depletion of extracellular matrix, culminating in ...

Novel Process for 3D Printing Decellularized Matrices

عملية جديدة للطباعة 3D ديسيلولاريزيد المصفوفات

3D bioprinting aims to create custom scaffolds that are biologically active and accommodate the desired size and geometry. A thermoplastic backbone can ...

Interlinked Macroporous 3D Scaffolds from Microgel Rods

سقالات 3D مترابطة من قضبان Microgel

A two-component system of functionalized microgels from microfluidics allows for fast interlinking into 3D macroporous constructs in aqueous solutions ...

طريقة حقن بطيئة طفيفة التوغل لتقليل إصابة الأنسجة

A Novel Cell Injection Method with Minimum Invasion

تسليط الضوء على المؤلف: طريقة حقن خلية جديدة مع الحد الأدنى من الغزو  

طريقة جديدة لحقن الخلايا مع الحد الأدنى من الغزو

Directly injecting cells into tissues is a necessary process in cell administration and/or replacement therapy. The cell injection requires a sufficient ...