Name: synthesis of cyclic polymers and characterization of their diffusive motion in the melt state at the single molecule level
Uploaded: 2016-09-26T14:00:00
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This work was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 22750122 (S.H.), No. 26288099 (T.Y.), and No. 23350050 (Y.T.) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science. S.H. is grateful for The Kurata Memorial Hitachi Science and Technology Foundation. The research reported in this publication was supported by the King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (S.H.).

1. Syntes av Monofunktionell och bifunktionella Poly (THF) <ol><li> Monofunktionell poly (THF) <ol><li> Flamma torka en 2-halsad 100 ml rundbottnad kolv. Dammsug och fyll kolven med kväve (3 cykler). </li><li> Tillsätt destillerat tetrahydrofuran (THF) (50 ml) till kolven. Sätta kolven i ett vattenbad vid 20 ° C och ekvilibrera temperaturen. </li><li> Lägg metyltriflat (0,5 mmol) till kolven med en spruta. Rör om blandningen under 5-10 min vid 20 ° C. </li><li> Tillsätt N-fenyl pyrrol...

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De fyra beväpnade och 8-formade polymerer framställdes via ESA-CF-protokollet (Figur 1), som är ett kritiskt steg för syntesen. 12,24 Monofunktionell och bifunktioneli linjär poly (THF) s med N -phenylpiperidinium ändgrupper var syntetiserades enligt den föregående proceduren. ades 11 jonbytet utförs genom återutfällning av en acetonlösning av en polymer prekursor med triflat motanjoner i en vattenlösning innehållande en överskottsmängd av karboxylat. <...

Cyclic polymers are unique in that they do not have chain ends. They often exhibit unusual behaviors which is distinct from their linear counterpart, including increased thermal stability of polymer micelles by a linear-to-cyclic conversion,1,2 and spatial organization of DNA in bacterial cells by a loop formation.3 Topological interactions between the cyclic chains are believed to be the critical factor for such unusual behaviors.4,5 Therefore, characterizing the motion and relaxation of cyclic polymers under entangled conditions has been an important research topic in polymer science for decades.6
Cyclic polymer dynamics has been investigated using both synthetic and naturally occurring molecules by means of ensemble averaged experimental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), light scattering, and viscosity measurements.7-9 However, these studies often suffer from impurity molecules in the samples.10 Furthermore, spatiotemporal heterogeneities of the motion of individual molecules caused by inherent structural heterogeneity of entangled polymers are often hidden behind the ensemble averaging in these studies. In order to characterize molecular level dynamics of cyclic polymers, a synthesis method that provides high purity cyclic polymers and an experimental and analysis methods that allow for quantitative characterization of molecular motion at the single molecule level have to be developed. Here, we will show a method to synthesize high-purity cyclic and dicyclic poly(THF)s that incorporate a fluorophore unit using an electrostatic self-assembly and covalent fixation (ESA-CF) process11-13 and a method to analyze the motion of the individual fluorophore-incorporated polymer chains using a combination of mean-squared displacement (MSD) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) analyses.
A proper data processing has been shown to be essential for the accurate characterization of the diffusive motion. With an adequate MSD and CDF analyses, a multiple-mode diffusion of the cyclic and dicyclic polymers in the melt and semi-dilute solution of the linear polymer chains has been revealed,14-16 suggesting the significant effects of the topological states of the polymers on the diffusive motion of the chains under entangled conditions.17 While the experimental and analytical approaches to characterize the motion of the cyclic polymers are described in this protocol, the same method can be used to quantitatively characterize the diffusive motion in many other heterogeneous systems. The approach would be especially suitable when multiple diffusion components existing in the samples are to be analyzed.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Materials</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">THF</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Godo</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Wakosil C-300</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Acetone</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Toluene</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Godo</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">n-Hexane</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Godo</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">CHCl3</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Kanto Chemical</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Bio-Beads S-X1</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Methyl triflate</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Triflic anhydride</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Nacalai Tesque</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Potassium Hydroxide</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Poly(tetrahydrofuran)</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Aldrich</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Chloroform</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Wako Pure Chemical Industries</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Immersion oil</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Equipment</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">2-Neck 100-mL round-bottom flask</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Filter paper</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Water bath</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Rotary evaporator</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Microscope cover slips (24 x 24 mm, No. 1)</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Staining jar</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">AS ONE Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1-7934-01</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Ultrasonic cleaner</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">VWR International&#160;</td>
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		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Inverted microscope</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">IX71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Ar-Kr ion laser</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Coherent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Innova 70C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Berek compensator</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Newport</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">5540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Excitation filter</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LL01-488-12.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Dichloric mirror</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Omega optical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">500DRLP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Emission filter</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Semrock</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BLP01-488R-25</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Lens and mirror</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Thorlabs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">EM-CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Andor Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">iXon</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Objective lens (x100, N.A. = 1.3)</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UPLFLN 100XOP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Objective heater</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Bioptechs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:320px;">Preparative GPC</td>
			<td style="width:240px;">Japan Analytical Industry</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">LC-908</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of cyclic polymers and characterization of their diffusive motion in the melt state at the single molecule level

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of cyclic polymers and a protocol for characterizing their diffusive motion in a melt state at the single molecule level. An electrostatic self-assembly and covalent fixation (ESA-CF) process is used for the synthesis of the cyclic poly(tetrahydrofuran) (poly(THF)). The diffusive motion of individual cyclic polymer chains in a melt state is visualized using single molecule fluorescence imaging by incorporating a fluorophore unit in the cyclic chains. The diffusive motion of the chains is quantitatively characterized by means of a combination of mean-squared displacement (MSD) analysis and a cumulative distribution function (CDF) analysis. The cyclic polymer exhibits multiple-mode diffusion which is distinct from its linear counterpart. The results demonstrate that the diffusional heterogeneity of polymers that is often hidden behind ensemble averaging can be revealed by the efficient synthesis of the cyclic polymers using the ESA-CF process and the quantitative analysis of the diffusive motion at the single molecule level using the MSD and CDF analyses.

Den perylen diimid-inkorporerade fyra beväpnade stjärna och 8-formad dicyklisk poly (THF) s syntetiserades med hjälp av elektrosjälvorganisering och kovalent fixering (ESA-CF) process (Figur 1, Figur 2). Time-lapse enda molekyl fluorescensbilder mättes för fyra-armad (figur 3a) och 8-formade (figur 3B) polymerer. De tidsförlopp fluorescensbilder (Figur 3) visar rums isolerade ljusa och skarpa flä...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Cyclic Polymers and Characterization of Their Diffusive Motion in the Melt State at the Single Molecule Level

Ett protokoll för syntes och karakterisering av diffusiv rörelse av cykliska polymerer vid enda molekyl nivå presenteras.

Syntes av cykliska polymerer och karakterisering av deras Diffusiv Motion i smält tillstånd vid enda molekyl nivå

We demonstrate a method for the synthesis of cyclic polymers and a protocol for characterizing their diffusive motion in a melt state at the single ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Chemistry

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Lipid A from Gram-negative Bacteria

Isolering och kemisk karakterisering av lipid A från gramnegativa bakterier

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the major cell surface molecule of gram-negative bacteria, deposited on the outer leaflet of the outer membrane bilayer. LPS ...

Synthesis of Hypervalent Iodonium Alkynyl Triflates for the Application of Generating Cyanocarbenes

Syntes av hypervalent jodonium Alkynyl triflater för tillämpning av Generera Cyanocarbenes

The procedures described in this article involve the synthesis and isolation of hypervalent iodonium alkynyl triflates (HIATs) and their subsequent ...

Split-and-pool Synthesis and Characterization of Peptide Tertiary Amide Library

Split-och-pool Syntes och karakterisering av peptid tertiär amid Library

Peptidomimetics are great sources of protein ligands. The oligomeric nature of these compounds enables us to access large synthetic libraries on solid ...

Amide Coupling Reaction for the Synthesis of Bispyridine-based Ligands and Their Complexation to Platinum as Dinuclear Anticancer Agents

Amid Koppling Reaktion för syntes av bispyridin-baserade ligander och deras komplexbildning till Platinum som bicykliska läkemedel mot cancer

Amide coupling reactions can be used to synthesize bispyridine-based ligands for use as bridging linkers in multinuclear platinum anticancer drugs. ...

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

The Synthesis, Characterization and Reactivity of a Series of Ruthenium N-triphosPh Complexes

Den sammanfattande, karakterisering och reaktivitet av en serie av Ruthenium<em&gt; N</em&gt; -triphos<sup&gt; Ph</sup&gt; Anläggningar

Herein we report the synthesis of a tridentate phosphine ligand N(CH2PPh2)3 (N-triphosPh) (1) via a phosphorus based Mannich reaction of the ...

Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization of Hybrid Au/CdS and Au/ZnS Core/Shell Nanoparticles

Syntes, karakterisering och funktionalisering av Hybrid Au / CdS och Au / ZnS Kärna / skal nanopartiklar

Plasmonic nanoparticles are an attractive material for light harvesting applications due to their easily modified surface, high surface area and large ...

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protocol for the Synthesis of Ortho-trifluoromethoxylated Aniline Derivatives

Protokoll för syntes av<em&gt; Ortho</em&gt; -trifluoromethoxylated anilinderivat

Molecules bearing trifluoromethoxy (OCF3) group often show desired pharmacological and biological properties. However, facile synthesis of ...

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Synthesis of Protein Bioconjugates via Cysteine-maleimide Chemistry

Syntesen av protein biokonjugat<em&gt; via</em&gt; Cystein-maleimid Chemistry

The chemical linking or bioconjugation of proteins to fluorescent dyes, drugs, polymers and other proteins has a broad range of applications, such as the ...

Insights into the Interactions of Amino Acids and Peptides with Inorganic Materials Using Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy

Insikter Interaktioner av aminosyror och peptider med oorganiska material med hjälp av enda molekyl Force spektroskopi

The interactions between proteins or peptides and inorganic materials lead to several interesting processes. For example, combining proteins with minerals ...

Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds

Använda cyklisk voltametri, UV-Vis-NIR och EPR Spectroelectrochemistry att analysera organiska föreningar

Cyclic voltammetry (CV) is a technique used in the analysis of organic compounds. When this technique is combined with electron paramagnetic resonance ...