Name: genetic manipulation of the plant pathogen ustilago maydis to study fungal biology and plant microbe interactions
Uploaded: 2016-09-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions at JoVE.com

yazının eleştirel okuma Dr. Benedikt Steuten özel teşekkürler. kitinazlarve orijinal eser Dr. Thorsten Langner tarafından yürütülmüştür. VG laboratuvar Bitki Bilimleri Mükemmellik (CEPLAS, DFG EXC 1028) ve BioSC ve Cluster tarafından desteklenen, KS laboratuvar BioSC tarafından desteklenmektedir. KB BioSC tarafından desteklenmektedir. Bioeconomy Bilim Merkezi (BioSC) bilimsel faaliyetleri maddi NRW Strategieprojekt BioSC (No 313 / 323-400-00213) çerçevesinde Yenilik, Bilim ve Araştırma Bakanlığı tarafından desteklendi. LF DFG Uluslararası Araştırma Eğitim Grubu 1525 iGRADplant bir doktora burs tarafından desteklenmektedir.

Silinti yapılan, 1. Üretim <ol><li> Ilgili bir 1 kb yukan kanadını (UF) ve alt kanadı (DF), her ve keskin kesme kısıtlama sahaları ile çevrili, uygun direnç kasedi içeren silinmesi yapısı (Şekil 1) ihtiva eden bir plasmid oluşturur. NOT: Herhangi bir klonlama stratejisi bu tür plazmidler 9 Golden Gate klonlama tavsiye (klonlama için referans 22) kullanılabilir. </li><li> Silme 9 inşa silme 1 ug DNA elde etmek için bir künt kesici kullanılar...

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Bu protokol U ters genetik çalışmalar için silme mutantlar oluşturmak açıklamaktadır maydis. Başlangıç noktası bir önceki 7,9 optimize gen-faiz 1 başlangıç yukan ve durdurma kodonundan aşağı doğru kb olarak uygun bir direnç kaseti sekanslarını ihtiva eden kuşatıcı sekanslar içeren bir silme konstruktu olup . yapıları tek tek her gen için oluşturulan ve dikkatle geni silmeden önce dizi hatalar için doğrulanacak var. dış yan yüzleri komşu gen içine ulaşm...

Ustilago maydis yıllardır 1,2 yoğun çalışılmıştır bir fitopatojenik bir model mantardır. Bu iki morfoloji, bir maya gibi, patojenik olmayan aşamasında ve filamentli, enfeksiyöz bir şekilde 3 bulunmaktadır. Örneğin homolog rekombinasyon ve DNA tamir mekanizmaları gibi evrensel atılım bulgu, bu mantar 4 maya benzeri büyüme aşamasında yapılmıştır. Ayrıca, enfeksiyon için önemli bir enfeksiyon filament ve hastalık oluşturma faktörlerinin morfolojik anahtarı 5,6, iyi karakterize edilmiştir. Bu kurum mantar biyoloji ve virülans hakkında artan moleküler bilgi mükemmel bir genom açıklama 10 ve kullanılarak ters genetik kolaylığı, örneğin, bizim enstitüsünde iyi organize plazmid toplama (http tarafından desteklenen basit bir gen değiştirme stratejisi 7-9 dayanır : //www.mikrobiologie.hhu.de/ustilago-community.html). mısır s standartlaştırılmış, hızlı enfeksiyon deneylerieedlings patojenite detaylı çalışmalar 11 faktörleri tanır. U. genomu maydis yaklaşık 6.900 gen 10 içerir. onların işlevini incelemek için, onlar nedeniyle etkin bir homolog rekombinasyon sistemi tek başına veya birlikte silinebilir. Mükemmel homolog uçlarını ihtiva eden yaklaşık 1 kb&#39;lik yanında bulunan bölgeler% 50&#39;den daha büyük, homolog rekombinasyon oranları için idealdir, ama homolog olmayan uç ile daha önce 250 bp yapının 9 doğru entegrasyon bir dereceye kadar izin verir. Şu anda, beş farklı direnç kaseti, higromisin, karboksin, nourseothricin, G418 ve fleomisin karşı direnç aracılık hygR, cbxR, NATR, G418R ve phleoR, transformantların 7,9 seçmek için kullanılır. Buna ek olarak, higromisin direnci, heterolog bir FLP yeniden bağlayıcı 12 geçici ifade ile çıkarılabilir geri dönüşümlü bir kaset (STT-hygR) olarak geliştirilmiştir. Bu direnç kasetin ve böylece teori sınırsız genetik modifikasyon olarak kaldırılmasını sağlar. Fleomisin yeni kasetler ile, geri dönüşümlü hygR kaseti, özellikle phleoR kullanımı azalmaktadır, böylece 13 mutajen. Dörtlü mutantlar, böylece, diğer dört kasetleri kullanılarak üretilebilir, ancak beşli mutantlar için, FRT-hygR sistemi 14 önerilir. Bu genel gen silme stratejisi başarıyla gibi Sporisorium reilianum 15, U. gibi diğer karalamak mantarlara devredilmiştir hordei 16 veya A.B.D. esculenta 17 ve bu nedenle verimli bir homolog rekombinasyon sistemi ile henüz genetik dirençli organizmaların daha fazla uygulamalar için potansiyel sunmaktadır. yer alan genlerin silinmesi ile örneklendiği gibi Ayrıca, homolog yeniden birleştirmeye yoksun organizmaların genetik mühendisliği geliştirmek için modifiye edilebilir homolog olmayan-enD-katılmadan Neurospora crassa 18,19 yılında. Burada U. için yayınlanan gen silme stratejisini açıklamak adayların hızlı ve doğru doğrulama odaklanarak deneysel detaylı 7,9 Maydis&#39;in. Bir örnek olarak, mantar şitinaz Tek ve mutantların üretilmesinden oluşmaktadır ve birden fazla silme 20,21 suşları tasvir etmektedir. Onlar sert hücre duvarında kitin üzerinde hareket çünkü kitinazlarve ilginç örneklerdir. Hücre duvarı yeniden şekillenme hücre bölünmesi sırasında morfolojik değişiklikler için gerekli olan, ipliksi büyüme ve spor oluşumuna geçin. Dolayısıyla, silme mutantlar süresi boyunca fenotipleri beklenebilir.

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		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Geneticin (G418) disulfate salt</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">A1720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trichoderma lysing enzymes</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>L1412</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Caelo</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">2580</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Glycerin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">G065015</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">H3BO3</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">AppliChem</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">A2940</td>
			<td>Dangerous substance. Please check manufacturer&#39;s safety instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin sodium salt</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">H3393-50KU</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hygromycin B-solution</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">1287.2</td>
			<td>Dangerous substance.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">26764298</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">AppliChem</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">A3620</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">MgSO4 waterfree</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">7487-88-9</td>
			<td>Water free is critical. Alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">MnCl2*4H2O</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">AppliChem</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">A2087</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">myo-Inositol</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I-5125</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">Na2-EDTA*2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">AppliChem</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">A2937</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">Na2MoO4*2H2O</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">0274.2</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">Na2SO4</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Gr&#252;ssing GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">12174</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">S316060</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">NaOH</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">ChemSolute</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">13,751,000</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">NH4NO3</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">K299.1</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nicotinic acid (Free Acid)</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">N-4126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nourseothricin dihydrogen sulfate&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Werner BioAgents</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">5,001,000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Nutrient broth&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Difco</td>
			<td style="width:124px;"></td>
			<td>local suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">Phenol:Chloroform:Isoamyl Alcohol (25:24:1) pH 6.7</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3803</td>
			<td>Dangerous substance. Please check manufacturer&#39;s safety instructions.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">polyethylene glycol (PEG)</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">P-3640</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium acetate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">AppliChem</td>
			<td>121479</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Pyridoxin (Monohydrochlorid)</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">P-9755</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Riboflavin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">R4500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">RNaseA</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">R5503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">SDS</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Cn30.3</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">small syringe</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>300300</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">sterile filter, 22 &#181;m</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>28145-477</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Sorbitol</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">6213.1</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Thiamin-Hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Serva</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">36020.02</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">tri-Na-Citrate</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fisher Chemical</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">S332060</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Tris- (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">103156X</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Tris hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">9090.4</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Triton X-100&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Serva&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">37240</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:347px;">ZnCl2</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">96470</td>
			<td>alternatively use local supplier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:347px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:183px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:124px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Composition of solutions/preparation of material</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Composition of solutions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Carboxin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stock: 5 mg/ml in methanol, final concentration: 2 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">CM plates</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.25 % (w/v) Casamino acids, 0.1 % (w/v) Yeast Extract, 1.0 % (v/v) Holliday vitamin solution, 6.25 % (v/v); Holliday salt solution, 0.05 % (w/v) DNA degr. free acid, 0.15 % (w/v) NH4NO3, 2.0 % (w/v) Bacto Agar; adjust to pH 7.0 using 5 M NaOH; after autoclaving add 1 % glucose&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Geneticin (G418)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stock: 50 mg/ml in H2O, final concentration: 500 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">HCl-washed glass beads (0,35-0,45 mm)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Cover glass beads with concentrated HCl (25 %, 7.8 M) and incubate for 60 min. Sway several times. Decant HCl (keep decanted liquid) and wash glass beads with 3 M HCl (keep decanted liquid). Wash glass beads several times with double distilled H2O until the pH is 7 (the liquid should not be yellow-green anymore). Aliquot the glass beads and dry them at 180 &#176;C. The decanted HCl has to be neutralized before disposal.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Heparin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stock: 15 mg/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Holliday salt solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>16.0 &#8240; (w/v) KH2PO4, 4.0 &#8240; (w/v) Na2SO4, 8.0 &#8240; (w/v) KCl, 1.32 &#8240; (w/v) CaCl2*2H2O, 8.0 &#8240; (v/v) trace elements, 2.0 &#8240; (w/v) MgSO4; sterile filtrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Holliday vitamin solution&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.1&#8240; (w/v) Thiamin, 0.05&#8240; (w/v) Riboflavin, 0.05&#8240; (w/v) Pyridoxin, 0.2&#8240; (w/v) Ca-Pantothenat, (0.05&#8240; (w/v) Aminobenzoeic acid, 0.2&#8240; (w/v) Nicotinic acid, 0.2&#8240; (w/v) Cholinchlorid, 1.0&#8240; (w/v) myo-Inositol; may be stored at -20 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hygromycin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stock: 50 mg/ml in PBS, final concentration: 200 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Nourseothricin</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Stock: 200 mg/ml in H2O, final concentration: 150 &#181;g/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NSY-glycerol-medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.8 % (w/v) Nutrient Broth, 0.1 % (w/v) Yeast Extract, 0.5 % (w/v) Sucrose,&#160; 80.0 % (v/v) 87% Glycerin (f.c. 69.6%)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">RegLight</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1.0% (w/v) Yeast Extract&#160; 0.4 % (w/v) Bacto Peptone, 0.4 % (w/v) Sucrose, 18.22 % (w/v) Sorbitol, 1.5 % (w/v) Agar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">SCS, pH 5.8</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Solution 1: 20 mM tri-Na-citrate, 1 M Sorbitol; colution 2: 20 mM Citric acid, 1 M Sorbitol, add solution 2 into solution 1 until pH 5.8 is reached; autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">STC, pH 8</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1 M Sorbitol, 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5, 100 mM CaCl2; filter sterile</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">STC/PEG</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>40 % (v/v) PEG in STC-buffer&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">TE buffer, pH 8</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1.31 mM Tris-Base, 8.69 mM Tris-HCl, 10 mM Na2-EDTA*2H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">TE/RNase</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10 &#181;g/ml RNaseA in TE buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">Trace elements</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.06&#8240; (w/v) H3BO3, 0.14&#8240; (w/v) MnCl*4H2O, 0.4 &#8240; (w/v) ZnCl2, 0.4 &#8240; (w/v) Na2MoO4*2H2O, 0.1 &#8240; (w/v) FeCl3*6H2O, 0.04&#8240; (w/v) CuSO4*5H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Trichoderma lysing enzymes solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>12.5 mg/ml SCS; filter sterile; prepare shortly before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris-HCl pH 7.5</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>806 mM Tris-HCl, 194 mM Tris-Base; check the pH and if necessary adjust with HCl; autoclave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Usti-lysis buffer 1, pH 8</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 10 mM NaCl, 1 % (w/v) SDS, 2 % (v/v) TritonX-100, 1 mM EDTA. Do not measure pH using pH meter.&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Usti-lysis buffer 2</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>mix Usti lysis buffer 1 with 1 x TE in a 1:1 ratio</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">YEPS-Light medium</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1.0% (w/v) Yeast Extract, 0.4% (w/v) Bacto Peptone, 0.4% (w/v) Sucrose, for plates: 1.5% (w/v) Bacto Agar</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

genetic manipulation of the plant pathogen ustilago maydis to study fungal biology and plant microbe interactions

Gen silinmesi gen fonksiyonu analizi önemli bir rol oynar. hedefli bir şekilde genlerin bozmaya en etkin yöntemlerden biri, homolog rekombinasyon yoluyla bir seçilebilir marker ile bütün gen yerine geçer. Homolog rekombinasyon sırasında DNA değişimi, yüksek benzerliğe sahip sekanslar arasında yer alır. Bu nedenle, hedef gene komşu lineer genomik diziler spesifik olarak arzu edilen entegrasyon sitesine bir seçilebilir işaret doğrudan kullanılabilir. Silme yapısının kör uçlar hücrenin DNA onarım sistemleri aktive edebilir ve böylece homolog rekombinasyon yoluyla ya da homolog olmayan uca birleştirilmesi yoluyla yapının entegrasyonu teşvik. verimli homolog rekombinasyon ile organizmalar, başarılı gen silme oranı% 50&#39;den fazla, bu strateji değerli bir gen bozulması sistemi yapım ulaşabilir. Ustilago Maydis&#39;in rastık mantarı gibi verimli homolog Rekombinant gösteren bir ökaryotik bir model mikroorganizmadıriyon. Bunu yaklaşık 6.900 gen dışında, bir çok işlevsel silme mutantları yardımıyla karakterize edilmiştir, ve gen temel işlevi de gen değiştirme girişimleri Puan yetmezliği tekrarladı. floresan işaretleri veya tahmin etki mutasyonlar ile etiketleyerek gen işlevi sonraki karakterizasyonu da homolog rekombinasyon yoluyla DNA değişimine dayanır. Burada, biz U. sunuyoruz En basit örnek, gen silme işlemini kullanarak detaylı Maydis zorlanma nesil stratejisi.

U. kodlanmış dört chitinolytic genler için silinti yapılan, Maydis genom cts1 silinmesi için hygR kaseti kullanarak Golden Gate klonlama tarafından oluşturulan, NATR cts2 silinmesi için, cts3 silinmesi ve cts4 20 silinmesi için cbxR için G418R kaseti. Gen değiştirme stratejisinin genel bir bakış cts3 silinmesi (Şekil 1) ile tarif edilmektedir. Iki...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions at JoVE.com

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions

Genetik Ustilago Maydis&#39;in karalamak mantar işlemek için Biz sağlam bir gen değiştirme stratejisini açıklar. Bu protokol enfeksiyon fenotipleri araştırmak için silme mutantlarını üretmek açıklar. Bir floresan protein etiketi kodlayan bir sekansı ilave olarak, örneğin, arzu edilen herhangi bir şekilde, genleri değiştirme uzatılabilir.

Bitki patojeni olarak genetik manipülasyonu<em&gt; Ustilago maydis</em&gt; Mantar Biyoloji ve Bitki Mikrop Etkileşimleri Eğitim için

Gene deletion plays an important role in the analysis of gene function. One of the most efficient methods to disrupt genes in a targeted manner is the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Genetics

Genetic Manipulation of the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis to Study Fungal Biology and Plant Microbe Interactions

Assessment of DNA Contamination in RNA Samples Based on Ribosomal DNA

DNA kirlenme ribozomal DNA tabanlı RNA örneklerinde değerlendirilmesi

One method extensively used for the quantification of gene expression changes and transcript abundances is reverse-transcription quantitative real-time ...

Purification of High Molecular Weight Genomic DNA from Powdery Mildew for Long-Read Sequencing

Uzun Okuma Dizi Yapmak İçin Küllemesi Yüksek Moleküler Ağırlık Genomik DNA saflaştırılması

The powdery mildew fungi are a group of economically important fungal plant pathogens. Relatively little is known about the molecular biology and genetics ...

The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans - A Versatile In Vivo Model to Study Host-microbe Interactions

The Nematode Caenorhabditis Elegans - A Versatile In Vivo Model to Study Host-microbe Interactions

Nematot Caenorhabditis Elegans - konak-mikrop etkileşimleri çalışmaya çok yönlü Vivo içinde manken

We demonstrate a method using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model host to study microbial interaction. Microbes are introduced via the diet making the ...

Robust DNA Isolation and High-throughput Sequencing Library Construction for Herbarium Specimens

Sağlam DNA izolasyon ve yüksek işlem hacmi sıralama kitaplığı inşaat sulak numuneler için

Herbaria are an invaluable source of plant material that can be used in a variety of biological studies. The use of herbarium specimens is associated with ...

Exploring the Root Microbiome: Extracting Bacterial Community Data from the Soil, Rhizosphere, and Root Endosphere

Kök Microbiome keşfetmek: toprak, rizosferde ve kök Endosphere bakteriyel topluluk verileri ayıklama

The intimate interaction between plant host and associated microorganisms is crucial in determining plant fitness, and can foster improved tolerance to ...

Maintaining Biological Cultures and Measuring Gene Expression in Aphis nerii: A Non-model System for Plant-insect Interactions

Maintaining Biological Cultures and Measuring Gene Expression in Aphis nerii: A Non-model System for Plant-insect Interactions

Biyolojik kültür ve gen ifadesinde ölçme Aphis neriiBakımı: bitki böcek etkileşimleri için bir sigara-model sistemi

Aphids are excellent experimental models for a variety of biological questions ranging from the evolution of symbioses and the development of polyphenisms ...

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Plant Growth and Agrobacterium-mediated Floral-dip Transformation of the Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Bitki büyüme ve Floral daldırma dönüşümün Agrobacterium aracılı Extremophyte Schrenkiella parvula

Schrenkiella parvula is an extremophyte adapted to various abiotic stresses, including multiple ion toxicity stresses. Despite high-quality genomic ...

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

Using Ustilago maydis as a Trojan Horse for In Situ Delivery of Maize Proteins

Ustilago maydis bir Truva atı olarak In Situ teslim, Mısır proteinler için kullanma.

Inspired by Homer&#180;s Trojan horse myth, we engineered the maize pathogen Ustilago maydis to deliver secreted proteins into the maize apoplast ...

CRISPR-mediated Genome Editing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans

CRISPR-mediated Genome Editing of the Human Fungal Pathogen Candida albicans

Candida albicans insan mantar patojen genom düzenleme CRISPR-aracılı

This method describes the efficient CRISPR mediated genome editing of the diploid human fungal pathogen Candida albicans. CRISPR-mediated genome editing ...

A Bioinformatics Pipeline to Accurately and Efficiently Analyze the MicroRNA Transcriptomes in Plants

Bitkilerdeki MikroRNA Transkripsiyonlarını Doğru ve Verimli Bir Şekilde Analiz Eden Bir Biyoinformatik Boru Hattı

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 20- to 24-nucleotide (nt) endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) extensively existing in plants and animals that play potent roles in ...