Name: the preparation of oblique spinal cord slices for ventral root stimulation
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Preparation of Oblique Spinal Cord Slices for Ventral Root Stimulation at JoVE.com

The authors thank Marin Manuel and Olivia Goldman-Szwajkajzer for their help in taking the photographs. The authors also thank Arjun Masukar and Tobias Bock for proofreading the manuscript. Financial supports were provided by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (HYPER-MND, ANR-2010-BLAN-1429-01), the NIH-NINDS (R01NS077863), the Thierry Latran Foundation (OHEX Project), the French association for myopathy (grant number 16026) and Target ALS are gratefully acknowledged. Felix Leroy was the recipient of a &#34;Contrat Doctoral&#34; from the Ecole Normale Sup&#233;rieure, Cachan.

実験は、欧州指令（609分の86 / CEEと2010から63-UE）とフランスの法律に従って行われ、パリデカルト大学の倫理委員会によって承認されました。 1.脊髄スライスの準備<ol><li>毎日、以下の溶液を調製するか、事前に1日。場合は95％O 2および5％CO 2で一晩、バブルを維持し、密閉瓶で冷蔵保管してください。 <ol><li> 低のNa +人工脳脊髄液（ACSF）?...

<ol>
	<li>Brooks, C. M., Downman, C. B., Eccles, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=After-potentials+and+excitability+of+spinal+motoneurones+following+antidromic+activation.">After-potentials and excitability of spinal motoneurones following antidromic activation.</a> J Neurophysiol. 13 (1), 9-38 (1950).</li><li>Bories, C., Amendola, J., Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Durand, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+electrophysiological+abnormalities+in+lumbar+motoneurons+in+a+transgenic+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Early electrophysiological abnormalities in lumbar motoneurons in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Eur J Neurosci. 25 (2), 451-459 (2007).</li><li>Takahashi, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+currents+in+visually+identified+motoneurones+of+neonatal+rat+spinal+cord.">Membrane currents in visually identified motoneurones of neonatal rat spinal cord.</a> J Physiol. 423, 27-46 (1990).</li><li>Hori, N., Tan, Y., Strominger, N. L., Carpenter, D. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+activity+of+rat+spinal+cord+motoneurons+in+slices.">Intracellular activity of rat spinal cord motoneurons in slices.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 112 (2), 185-191 (2001).</li><li>Arai, Y., Mentis, G. Z., Wu, J. Y., O'Donovan, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ventrolateral+origin+of+each+cycle+of+rhythmic+activity+generated+by+the+spinal+cord+of+the+chick+embryo.">Ventrolateral origin of each cycle of rhythmic activity generated by the spinal cord of the chick embryo.</a> PLoS One. 2 (5), e417 (2007).</li><li>Cullheim, S., Lipsenthal, L., Burke, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+monosynaptic+contacts+between+type-identified+alpha-motoneurons+in+the+cat.">Direct monosynaptic contacts between type-identified alpha-motoneurons in the cat.</a> Brain Res. 308 (1), 196-199 (1984).</li><li>Cullheim, S., Kellerth, J. O., Conradi, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+for+direct+synaptic+interconnections+between+cat+spinal+alpha-motoneurons+via+the+recurrent+axon+collaterals:+a+morphological+study+using+intracellular+injection+of+horseradish+peroxidase.">Evidence for direct synaptic interconnections between cat spinal alpha-motoneurons via the recurrent axon collaterals: a morphological study using intracellular injection of horseradish peroxidase.</a> Brain Res. 132 (1), 1-10 (1977).</li><li>Gogan, P., Gueritaud, J. P., Horcholle-Bossavit, G., Tyc-Dumont, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+excitatory+interactions+between+spinal+motoneurones+of+the+cat.">Direct excitatory interactions between spinal motoneurones of the cat.</a> J Physiol. 272 (3), 755-767 (1977).</li><li>Ichinose, T., Miyata, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Recurrent+excitation+of+motoneurons+in+the+isolated+spinal+cord+of+newborn+rats+detected+by+whole-cell+recording.">Recurrent excitation of motoneurons in the isolated spinal cord of newborn rats detected by whole-cell recording.</a> Neurosci Res. 31 (3), 179-187 (1998).</li><li>Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Ascher, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Four+excitatory+postsynaptic+ionotropic+receptors+coactivated+at+the+motoneuron-Renshaw+cell+synapse.">Four excitatory postsynaptic ionotropic receptors coactivated at the motoneuron-Renshaw cell synapse.</a> J Neurosci. 28 (52), 14121-14131 (2008).</li><li>Renshaw, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Central+effects+of+centripetal+impulses+in+axons+of+spinal+ventral+roots.">Central effects of centripetal impulses in axons of spinal ventral roots.</a> J Neurophysiol. 9, 191-204 (1946).</li><li>Renshaw, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interaction+of+nerve+impulses+in+the+gray+matter+as+a+mechanism+in+central+inhibition.">Interaction of nerve impulses in the gray matter as a mechanism in central inhibition.</a> Fed Proc. 5 (1 Pt 2), 86 (1946).</li><li>Renshaw, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Observations+on+interaction+of+nerve+impulses+in+the+gray+matter+and+on+the+nature+of+central+inhibition).">Observations on interaction of nerve impulses in the gray matter and on the nature of central inhibition).</a> Am J Physiol. 146, 443-448 (1946).</li><li>Pambo-Pambo, A., Durand, J., Gueritaud, J. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+excitability+changes+in+lumbar+motoneurons+of+transgenic+SOD1G85R+and+SOD1G(93A-Low)+mice.">Early excitability changes in lumbar motoneurons of transgenic SOD1G85R and SOD1G(93A-Low) mice.</a> J Neurophysiol. 102 (6), 3627-3642 (2009).</li><li>Quinlan, K. A., Schuster, J. E., Fu, R., Siddique, T., Heckman, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Altered+postnatal+maturation+of+electrical+properties+in+spinal+motoneurons+in+a+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Altered postnatal maturation of electrical properties in spinal motoneurons in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> J Physiol. 589 (Pt 9), 2245-2260 (2011).</li><li>Martin, E., Cazenave, W., Cattaert, D., Branchereau, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Embryonic+alteration+of+motoneuronal+morphology+induces+hyperexcitability+in+the+mouse+model+of+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Embryonic alteration of motoneuronal morphology induces hyperexcitability in the mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 54, 116-126 (2013).</li><li>Hadzipasic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Selective+degeneration+of+a+physiological+subtype+of+spinal+motor+neuron+in+mice+with+SOD1-linked+ALS.">Selective degeneration of a physiological subtype of spinal motor neuron in mice with SOD1-linked ALS.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (47), 16883-16888 (2014).</li><li>Wichterle, H., Lieberam, I., Porter, J. A., Jessell, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Directed+differentiation+of+embryonic+stem+cells+into+motor+neurons.">Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons.</a> Cell. 110 (3), 385-397 (2002).</li><li>Tallini, Y. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=BAC+transgenic+mice+express+enhanced+green+fluorescent+protein+in+central+and+peripheral+cholinergic+neurons.">BAC transgenic mice express enhanced green fluorescent protein in central and peripheral cholinergic neurons.</a> Physiol Genomics. 27 (3), 391-397 (2006).</li><li>Manuel, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fast+kinetics,+high-frequency+oscillations,+and+subprimary+firing+range+in+adult+mouse+spinal+motoneurons.">Fast kinetics, high-frequency oscillations, and subprimary firing range in adult mouse spinal motoneurons.</a> J Neurosci. 29 (36), 11246-11256 (2009).</li><li>Obeidat, A. Z., Nardelli, P., Powers, R. K., Cope, T. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modulation+of+motoneuron+firing+by+recurrent+inhibition+in+the+adult+rat+in+vivo.">Modulation of motoneuron firing by recurrent inhibition in the adult rat in vivo.</a> J Neurophysiol. 112 (9), 2302-2315 (2014).</li><li>Leroy, F., Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Imhoff-Manuel, R. D., Zytnicki, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+intrinsic+hyperexcitability+does+not+contribute+to+motoneuron+degeneration+in+amyotrophic+lateral+sclerosis.">Early intrinsic hyperexcitability does not contribute to motoneuron degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.</a> Elife. 3, (2014).</li><li>Leroy, F., Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Zytnicki, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potassium+currents+dynamically+set+the+recruitment+and+firing+properties+of+F-type+motoneurons+in+neonatal+mice.">Potassium currents dynamically set the recruitment and firing properties of F-type motoneurons in neonatal mice.</a> J Neurophysiol. 114 (3), 1963-1973 (2015).</li><li>Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Ascher, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Subunit+composition+and+kinetics+of+the+Renshaw+cell+heteromeric+nicotinic+receptors.">Subunit composition and kinetics of the Renshaw cell heteromeric nicotinic receptors.</a> Biochem Pharmacol. 86 (8), 1114-1121 (2013).</li><li>Lamotte d'Incamps, B., Krejci, E., Ascher, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+shaping+the+slow+nicotinic+synaptic+current+at+the+motoneuron-renshaw+cell+synapse.">Mechanisms shaping the slow nicotinic synaptic current at the motoneuron-renshaw cell synapse.</a> J Neurosci. 32 (24), 8413-8423 (2012).</li><li>Dugue, G. P., Dumoulin, A., Triller, A., Dieudonne, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Target-dependent+use+of+co-released+inhibitory+transmitters+at+central+synapses.">Target-dependent use of co-released inhibitory transmitters at central synapses.</a> J Neurosci. 25 (28), 6490-6498 (2005).</li><li>Mentis, G. Z., Siembab, V. C., Zerda, R., O'Donovan, M. J., Alvarez, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Primary+afferent+synapses+on+developing+and+adult+Renshaw+cells.">Primary afferent synapses on developing and adult Renshaw cells.</a> J Neurosci. 26 (51), 13297-13310 (2006).</li><li>Perry, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Firing+properties+of+Renshaw+cells+defined+by+Chrna2+are+modulated+by+hyperpolarizing+and+small+conductance+ion+currents+Ih+and+ISK.">Firing properties of Renshaw cells defined by Chrna2 are modulated by hyperpolarizing and small conductance ion currents Ih and ISK.</a> Eur J Neurosci. 41 (7), 889-900 (2015).</li><li>Thurbon, D., Luscher, H. R., Hofstetter, T., Redman, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Passive+electrical+properties+of+ventral+horn+neurons+in+rat+spinal+cord+slices.">Passive electrical properties of ventral horn neurons in rat spinal cord slices.</a> J Neurophysiol. 79 (5), 2485-2502 (1998).</li><li>Zengel, J. E., Reid, S. A., Sypert, G. W., Munson, J. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+electrical+properties+and+prediction+of+motor-unit+type+of+medial+gastrocnemius+motoneurons+in+the+cat.">Membrane electrical properties and prediction of motor-unit type of medial gastrocnemius motoneurons in the cat.</a> J Neurophysiol. 53 (5), 1323-1344 (1985).</li><li>Cooper, S., Sherington, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gower's+tract+and+spinal+border+cells.">Gower's tract and spinal border cells.</a> Brain. 63, 123-124 (1940).</li><li>Morin, F., Schwartz, H. G., O'Leary, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+study+of+the+spinothalamic+and+related+tracts.">Experimental study of the spinothalamic and related tracts.</a> Acta Psychiatr Neurol Scand. 26 (3-4), 371-396 (1951).</li><li>Sengul, G., Fu, Y., Yu, Y., Paxinos, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spinal+cord+projections+to+the+cerebellum+in+the+mouse.">Spinal cord projections to the cerebellum in the mouse.</a> Brain Struct Funct. 220 (5), 2997-3009 (2015).</li><li>Russier, M., Carlier, E., Ankri, N., Fronzaroli, L., Debanne, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A-,+T-,+and+H-type+currents+shape+intrinsic+firing+of+developing+rat+abducens+motoneurons.">A-, T-, and H-type currents shape intrinsic firing of developing rat abducens motoneurons.</a> J Physiol. 549 (Pt 1), 21-36 (2003).</li><li>Dourado, M., Sargent, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Properties+of+nicotinic+receptors+underlying+Renshaw+cell+excitation+by+alpha-motor+neurons+in+neonatal+rat+spinal+cord).">Properties of nicotinic receptors underlying Renshaw cell excitation by alpha-motor neurons in neonatal rat spinal cord).</a> J Neurophysiol. 87 (6), 3117-3125 (2002).</li><li>Mitra, P., Brownstone, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+spinal+cord+slice+preparation+for+recording+from+lumbar+motoneurons+of+the+adult+mouse.">An in vitro spinal cord slice preparation for recording from lumbar motoneurons of the adult mouse.</a> J Neurophysiol. 107 (2), 728-741 (2012).</li><li>Rothman, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+neurotoxicity+of+excitatory+amino+acids+is+produced+by+passive+chloride+influx.">The neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids is produced by passive chloride influx.</a> J Neurosci. 5 (6), 1483-1489 (1985).</li><li>Olney, J. W., Price, M. T., Samson, L., Labruyere, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+specific+ions+in+glutamate+neurotoxicity.">The role of specific ions in glutamate neurotoxicity.</a> Neurosci Lett. 65 (1), 65-71 (1986).</li></ol>

Oblique slicing of the spinal cord is important since it allows for unilateral stimulation of motoneuron pools and Renshaw cells at a single vertebral segment in a reliable, comprehensive&#160;and specific way. Furthermore, it allows for a quick, elegant&#160;and non-ambiguous identification of recorded motoneurons. Next, we will highlight&#160;the advantages of this&#160;technique compared to other slice preparation methods, and then we will stress out&#160;the most common pitfalls to avoid while performing this procedu...

歴史的に、シャープな電極を用いた運動ニューロンの記録は、例えば、ネコやネズミ1などの大型動物やマウス2で分離された全脊髄のin vivoで行われました。 SOMAの必要なシールのような運動ニューロンへの直接アクセスを呼びかけ1980年代にパッチクランプ記録技術の出現は、視覚的な指導の下で達成されます。したがって、脊髄スライス標本は容易に1990年代初頭3は達成されています。しかし、初期のスライス標本は、多くの場合、前根を刺激することができませんでした。我々の知る限り、唯一の二つの研究は、横断スライスにおける腹側根の成功刺激を報告している、とどれもマウス4,5から得られませんでした。 運動ニューロンプールはその前根を逸脱軸索を保持する - この記事では、新生児マウス（P11 P2）の実行可能な脊髄スライスを達成するための手法を提示します。ベントRALルート刺激は同じ前根から出た運動ニューロンプールのSOMAのに戻し逆行性活動電位をトリガします。また、運動ニューロン担保対象、他の運動ニューロン6-10とレンショウ細胞11-13を励起します 。唯一の運動ニューロンは、前根ダウンその軸索を送っているので、我々は運動ニューロン10を識別physiologicalyするための簡単で確実な方法として、逆行性活動電位の記録を使用します。 運動ニューロンのアイデンティティを確認するために、潜在的に非包括的または誤解を招く電気生理学的および形態学的な規準を使用することに加えて、脊髄運動ニューロン上の最近の研究はまた、面倒で時間のかかる事後染色16に依存していました。このような識別は、通常は記録された細胞のサンプルに対して実行されます。他の特定の戦略は、運動ニューロンの内因性蛍光を発現するマウス系統に依存しています<sup&gt; 17-19。研究はすでにトランスジェニックマウスラインを使用して、必要な場合は、マーカーの発現はまだ変数であるか、しかし、遺伝的にコードされたマーカーを使用すると、若い年齢で難しいかもしれません。また、逆行性活動電位の記録は、セル記録の開始からすべてのマウスに日常的に行うことができます。ネコ、ラットおよびマウスで無傷の脊髄の準備に取り組んで実験者は、確実に1950年の1,2,20,21ため、このような識別技術を使用しています。最適な条件では、記録された運動ニューロンの事実上すべてから逆行性活動電位を誘発することができました。 また、前根刺激は確実に他の運動ニューロン22,23、またはそれらの標的を励起するために使用することができます。レンショウ細胞10,24,25。ここでは、運動ニューロンのSOMAのからの逆行性活動電位記録の形で前根刺激の用途だけでなく、レンショウ細胞の興奮を提示します。

<table >
	<tbody>
		<tr >
			<td >Na-kynurenate</td>
			<td >ABCAM</td>
			<td >ab120256</td>
			<td >dissolves better then other brands</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >KCl</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >P3911</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >NaH2PO4</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >P5655</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >sucrose&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >S9378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >NaHCO3&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >S6014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CaCl2&#160;</td>
			<td >G Biosciences</td>
			<td >R040</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >MgCl2&#160;</td>
			<td >Quality Biological</td>
			<td >351-033-721</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >glucose&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >G5767</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >ascorbic acid&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >A5960</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Na-pyruvate&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >P2250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >K-gluconate&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >P1847</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >EGTA&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >E3889</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >HEPES&#160;</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >NaCl</td>
			<td >Sigma</td>
			<td >S9888</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Agar</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A9799</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >QX-314</td>
			<td >Alomone</td>
			<td>Q150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Mg-ATP</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >CsOH</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Na-GTP</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >51120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >gluconic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >G1951</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Cesium hydroxide solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >KOH</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td >P5958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Vannas Spring Scissors - 2.5mm&#160;</td>
			<td >FST</td>
			<td>15000-08</td>
			<td>only use for cutting the dura, might get damaged if cutting bones</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Stimulator</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td colspan="2">Isolated Pulse Stimulator Model 2100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr >
			<td >Vibratome</td>
			<td >Campden</td>
			<td >Vibrating Microtome 7000 - Model 7000smz-2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the preparation of oblique spinal cord slices for ventral root stimulation

脊髄切片からの電気生理学的記録は、携帯電話からネットワーク特性に問題の広い範囲を調査する価値のある技術であることが証明されています。私たちは、若いマウス（ - P11 P2）の脊髄の実行可能な斜めのスライスを準備する方法を示しています。この準備では、運動ニューロンは脊髄の前根から出てくる彼らの軸索を保持します。これらの軸索の刺激は脊髄内の運動ニューロンのSOMAの、エキサイティングな運動ニューロン担保に侵入バック伝搬する活動電位を誘発します。逆行性活動電位の記録は、他の識別方法を上回る運動ニューロンのアイデンティティを、特徴付けるため、即時の決定的かつエレガントな方法です。また、運動ニューロンの担保を刺激することは、他の運動ニューロンまたはRとして、脊髄内の運動ニューロンの担保対象を励起するためのシンプルで信頼性の高い方法であります細胞をenshaw。このプロトコルでは、我々は前根刺激に起因する、逆行運動ニューロンのSOMAのからの記録だけでなく、レンショウ細胞の興奮を提示します。

Confirmation of Motoneuron Identity Using Antidromic Action Potentials
Cell targeting
Motoneurons are found in the ventral horn (visible in red in Figure 2C). Start from the bundle of axons forming the ventral root and go up until the bundle disperses fully and one starts seeing large cells (long soma axis, above&#160;20...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The Preparation of Oblique Spinal Cord Slices for Ventral Root Stimulation at JoVE.com

The Preparation of Oblique Spinal Cord Slices for Ventral Root Stimulation

We show how to prepare oblique slices of the spinal cord in young mice. This preparation allows for the stimulation of the ventral roots.

前根刺激のための斜め脊髄スライスの調製

Electrophysiological recordings from spinal cord slices have proven to be a valuable technique to investigate a wide range of questions, from cellular to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology II: Extracellular Suction Electrode Fabrication

脊髄電気生理学II：細胞外吸引電極の作製

Development of neural circuitries and locomotion can be studied using neonatal rodent spinal cord central pattern generator (CPG) behavior. We demonstrate ...

Whole Mount Preparation of the Adult Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord for Giant Fiber Dye Injection

Whole Mount Preparation of the Adult Drosophila Ventral Nerve Cord for Giant Fiber Dye Injection

成人の全体のマウントの準備ショウジョウバエ</emジャイアント繊維染料注入のための>腹神経索

To analyze the axonal and dendritic morphology of neurons, it is essential to obtain accurate labeling of neuronal structures. Preparing well labeled ...

Preparation of Parasagittal Slices for the Investigation of Dorsal-ventral Organization of the Rodent Medial Entorhinal Cortex

げっ歯類の内側嗅内皮質の背腹軸機構の調査のための矢状スライスの作成

Computation in the brain relies on neurons responding appropriately to their synaptic inputs. Neurons differ in their complement and distribution of ...

Spinal Cord Transection in the Larval Zebrafish

幼虫のゼブラフィッシュにおける脊髄切断

Mammals fail in sensory and motor recovery following spinal cord injury due to lack of axonal regrowth below the level of injury as well as an inability ...

Preparation of Primary Mixed Glial Cultures from Adult Mouse Spinal Cord Tissue

成体マウスの脊髄組織からの初代混合グリア培養の調製

It has been well-accepted that spinal cord glial responses contribute significantly to the development of neuropathic pain. Tremendous information ...

Hydraulic Extrusion of the Spinal Cord and Isolation of Dorsal Root Ganglia in Rodents

げっ歯類での後根神経節の脊髄および単離の油圧押出

Traditionally, the spinal cord is isolated by laminectomy, i.e. by breaking open the spinal vertebrae one at a time. This is both time consuming and may ...

Zebrafish In Situ Spinal Cord Preparation for Electrophysiological Recordings from Spinal Sensory and Motor Neurons

Zebrafish In Situ Spinal Cord Preparation for Electrophysiological Recordings from Spinal Sensory and Motor Neurons

ゼブラフィッシュ<em&gt;その場での</em&gt;脊髄脊髄感覚運動ニューロンからの電気生理学的記録のための準備

Zebrafish, first introduced as a developmental model, have gained popularity in many other fields. The ease of rearing large numbers of rapidly developing ...

Preparation of Acute Spinal Cord Slices for Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

膠様質ニューロンの細胞パッチク ランプ記録のため急性脊髄スライスの準備

Recent whole-cell patch-clamp studies from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons have provided a large body of information about the spinal mechanisms ...

Preparation of Rhythmically-active In Vitro Neonatal Rodent Brainstem-spinal Cord and Thin Slice

リズミカルにアクティブな準備体外新生児齧歯動物脳幹-脊髄損傷で薄くスライス

Mammalian inspiratory rhythm is generated from a neuronal network in a region of the medulla called the preB&#246;tzinger complex (pBC), which produces a ...

Intra-Arterial Delivery of Neural Stem Cells to the Rat and Mouse Brain: Application to Cerebral Ischemia

ラットおよびマウス脳への神経幹細胞の動脈内デリバリー:脳虚血への応用

Neural stem cell (NSC) therapy is an emerging innovative treatment for stroke, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to ...