Name: multimodal imaging and spectroscopy fiber-bundle microendoscopy platform for non-invasive, in vivo tissue analysis
Uploaded: 2016-10-17T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis at JoVE.com

This material is based on work supported by the National Institutes of Health (1R03-CA182052, 1R15-CA202662), the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program (G.G., DGE-1450079), the Arkansas Biosciences Institute, and the University of Arkansas Doctoral Academy Fellowship. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the acknowledged funding agencies.

임상 시험 심사위원회의 승인 (IRB # 15-09-149)는 본 연구의 모든 측면에 대한 아칸소 대학에서 인간 주제 연구 프로그램에서 얻었다. 기재된 방법은 승인 된 가이드 라인에 따라 수행하고, 동의서 모든 참가자 얻었다. 고해상도 형광 Microendoscopy 양상 1. 총회 주 : 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 양상의 조립체의 설명 단계는도 2에서 보여 질 수있다. </p...

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<html> 멀티 모달 고해상도 이미지 및 여기에보고 서브 확산 반사율 스펙트럼 섬유 다발 microendoscope 최적화 인간 또는 동물 연구 내시경 또는 휴대용 사용을 포함하여 다양한 용도 연구자에 의해 사용될 수있다. 그것은 따라서 두 개의 서로 다른 조직 깊이에서 헤모글로빈 농도, 멜라닌 농도, 조직의 산소 포화도 측정과 함께 생체 내 혀끝의 조직 마이크로 아키텍처의 시각화를위한 유?...

섬유 다발 microendoscopy 기술은 일반적으로 영상 기술 또는 분광 기술들의 조합을 사용하여 생체 조직에서 분석한다. 1-3 그러한 영상 법 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 서브 셀룰러 해상도 이미지 수 혀끝 조직 미세 구조를 소형으로 , 마이크로 시야, 같은 proflavine, 형광, 또는 pyranine 잉크 등의 국소 조영제를 사용. 1,3-11이 영상 양상이 질적으로 저와 함께 실시간으로 질병과 건강 상피 조직을 차별화 임상 성능을 약속 보여 주었다 간 관찰자 변화. 8 때때로, 연구자는 세포 핵 크기 또는 선 곳은 양적 특징을 추출하는 고해상도 형광 현미경 데이터를 사용하지만이 조직 형태를 시각화 대상으로 주로 질적 기술 남아있다. -1,3,8- 트라이 한편 10 분광 기술, 예컨대확산 반사율 분광학으로, 기능 조직의 정보를 제공하고 정량적으로 여러 장기에 암 병변을 확인하는 임상 성능을 약속 보여 주었다 대상으로한다. 2,12-15 따라서, 잠재적으로, 또한 관찰자 간 변이성을 감소 조직 마이크로 아키텍처의 실시간 시각화를 유지하고, 조직 상태의보다 완전한 분석을 제공하는 양식의 두 가지 유형을 포함하는 장치에 대한 필요성이 존재한다. 이 목표를 달성하기 위해, 복합 프로브 기반 장비가 단일 광섬유 프로브 두 가지 양상 결합한 구성 하였다. 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 및 서브 확산 반사율 스펙트럼을 정점 정성 고해상도의 화상 (11)이 방법의 공동 레지스터 지역 헤모글로빈 농도를 포함하는 두 개의 별개의 조직 깊이에서 양적 스펙트럼 정보 (기능성)와 조직 형태 (구조적 특성) ([HB는), 멜라닌 농도 ([멜), 및 산소 포화도 (SAO 2). 11,12,16이 특정 하위 확산 반사율 스펙트럼 양상이 제공하는 두 개의 고유 한 조직의 깊이를 샘플링하기 위해 두 개의 소스 검출기 분리 (SDS에)를 사용 기저막 및 기본 조직 기질 아래로 샘플링하여 조직의 건강에 대한 포괄적 인 그림. (11) 파이버 프로브는 약 50,000 4.5 ㎛의 직경의 광섬유 요소, 1.1 mm의 클래드 직경 1.2 mm의 전체 코팅 직경 중앙 1mm 직경 화상 섬유로 구성된다. 이미지 섬유는 220 ㎛, 클래딩 직경이 오 200 μm의 직경 섬유로 둘러싸여 있습니다. 각각 200 ㎛의 다중 모드 광섬유는 거리 화상 광섬유의 중심으로부터 864 ㎛의 중심 간 거리에 위치된다. 200 μm의 멀티 모드 섬유를 각각 25 ° 떨어져있다. &#39;소스&#39;섬유와 왼쪽 200 μm의 멀티 모드 광섬유 및 추가 번째를 사용하여은 &quot;컬렉션&quot;섬유로 200 μm의 멀티 모드 섬유를 REE,이 형상은 반드시 374 μm의 세 가지 중심 간 SDS에, 730 μm의, 1051 μm의 및 1323 μm의를 만듭니다. 섬유 팁은 섬유 상수 사이의 거리를 유지하는 원통형 금속 케이스에 동봉되어 있습니다. 통형 케이싱의 직경은 3mm이다. 광섬유 프로브 (광섬유 프로브 팁을 향해) 말단부 2 피트이다. 프로브는 4피트의 전체 길이에 대해, 추가로 2 피트이다 (계측)을 향해 기단에서 여섯 각 개개의 섬유로 분리한다. (1)는 광섬유 프로브의 표현을 나타낸다. <img alt="그림 1" src="/files/ftp_upload/54564/54564fig1.jpg" /> 그림 1 :. 광섬유 프로브 설계 광섬유 프로브는 하나의 1mm 직경의 이미지 섬유 사 (200) μm의 멀티 모드 섬유로 구성되어 있습니다. 이그림의 표시를 나타낸다 (a) 금속 단부는 SDS의 374, 730를 수득 프로브 팁에서의 섬유의 형상을 제한 캡과 최 좌측 200 μm의 다중 모드 광섬유에 대하여 (눈금 막대 ≈ 1mm)로 1,051 ㎛의, (b) 섬유는 섬유 코어 광섬유 클래딩 및 섬유 피막 (스케일 바 ≈ 1mm), (c)의 섬유가 보호 아미드 외판 (눈금 막대 ≈ 1mm)을 보여주는 금속 캡 내에 제한되고, (d ) 금속 손잡이 모든 섬유를 포함하는 하나의 블랙 케이블 (눈금 막대 ≈ 4mm) 및 (e) 상기 프로브 (눈금 막대 ≈ 4mm의 원위 팁의 화상)와 프로브의 최종 말단 팁. <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/54564/54564fig1large.jpg" target="_blank">이 그림의 더 큰 버전을 보려면 여기를 클릭하십시오.</a> 이 복합 장비 및 관련 TECHNI다른 결합 구조 / 기능 기술이 서로 다른 양식을 결합하여 존재하지만 가야는 단일 프로브 내에서 이러한 양식의 첫 번째 조합입니다. 예를 들어, 하이퍼 스펙트 럴 영상은 몇 가지 이름을 조직 단백질 발현 분석, (19)와 빛 간섭 단층 촬영 (OCT를) 결합 개발 된 정량적 인 헤모글로빈과 멜라닌 속성, 17, 18 및 다른 기술과 넓은 필드 영상을 결합한 제품입니다. 구강에서의 사용을위한 휴대용 프로브 하부 위장관 식도 또는 내시경 사용을 포함하여 다양한 목적에 최적화 될 수있는 일반적인 광섬유 프로브를 사용하여 컴팩트하고 쉬운 구현 계측 설정이 문서 보고서 외부 피부 배치. 11,20 이 기기의 하드웨어는 확산 반사 스펙트럼을 획득 한 후 결과 있습니다 volum를 추출하는 사용자 정의 데이터 수집 및 후 처리 코드가 모두 필요합니다[혈색소], [멜], 및 상 2를 포함하는 전자 평균 조직 생리 학적 매개 변수를 설정합니다. 사용자 정의 데이터 취득 코드 (고해상도 형광 현미경) 카메라로부터의 동시 획득 및 (확산 반사율 스펙트럼의 경우) 분광계 있도록 지어졌다. 드라이버들은 다양한 프로그래밍 언어와의 통합을 허용하는 제조 업체의 웹 사이트에서 사용할 수 있습니다. 사용자 지정 후 처리 코드는 생체 [혈색소]와 [멜] (21)의 사전 흡수 값을 가져 다음 스펙트럼의 장착 곡선을 생성하는 이전에 개발 된 비선형 최적화 피팅 프로세스를 사용합니다. 22 장착 곡선이을 최소화하여 구축 자체 원료 스펙트럼 사이 χ 2 값 피팅 곡선 및 낮은 χ 2 값. 22 코드로 조직 생체 변수 ([헤모글로빈], [멜, 상투 2)을 결정하는 단계를 포함하도록 수정 될 수있다이러한 여기에 사용되는 외인성 pyranine 잉크로 다른 발색단에서 흡수, 그래서 그 대상 생리 학적 매개 변수는 영향을받지 않습니다. 이러한 [헤모글로빈], [멜, 상투이 같은 조직 상태의 생리 지표는 치료 종양 반응보고 또는 로컬 혈관 형성 및 혈관 신생의 지표로서 사용될 수있다. 14,23을 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 양상 포함 가이드 프로브 배치를 돕고 상피 조직의 구조 및 기능 사이의 관계의 더욱 완전한 그림으로 연구자를 제공한다. 이 기사, 건설 및 복합 microendoscope의 응용 프로그램에 설명되어 있습니다. (11)

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			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Stepper Motor - 400 steps/revolution</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SparkFun Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ROB-10846</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Custom-Built Aluminum Optical Fiber Switch</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Custom designed and built</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Custom-Built Aluminum Optical Fiber Switch Face-Plate</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Custom designed and built</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Arduino Uno - R3</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SparkFun Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">DEV-11021</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Electronic Breadboard - Self-Adhesive</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">SparkFun Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">PRT-12002</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">EasyDriver - Stepper Motor Driver</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sparkfun Electronics</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">ROB-12779</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">12V, 229 mA Power Supply</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Phihong</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">PSM03A</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Enhanced Sensitivity USB Spectrometer (Vis-NIR)</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Ocean Optics</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">USB2000+VIS-NIR-ES</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">550 &#181;m, 0.22 NA, SMA-SMA Fiber Patch Cable</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Thorlabs, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">M37L01</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Custom-Built Fiber-Optic Probe</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Myriad Fiber Imaging</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">20% Spectralon Diffuse Reflectance Standard</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Labsphere, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">SRS-20-010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:373px;">Standard Yellow Highlighter</td>
			<td style="width:175px;">Sharpie</td>
			<td style="width:171px;">25005</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers, proflavine or fluorescein can be substituted</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

multimodal imaging and spectroscopy fiber-bundle microendoscopy platform for non-invasive, in vivo tissue analysis

최근 섬유 다발 microendoscopy 기술 이미징 기술 또는 분광 기술들의 조합을 사용하여 생체 내 조직의 비파괴 분석을 가능하게한다. 하나의 광학 탐침으로 이미징 분광기 기술을 결합하여 조직 상태의보다 완전한 분석을 제공 할 수있다. 이 기사에서는 두 개의 서로 다른 양식은 하나의 광학 프로브로, 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 이미징 및 확산 반사율 분광학을 결합됩니다. 고해상도 형광 microendoscopy 촬상 주로 질적 기술되지만, 종양 및 비 종양 조직 간의 효율적인 실시간 분화를 보여 주었다, 정점 조직 미세 구조를 시각화하기 위해 사용되는 기술이며. 확산 반사율 스펙트럼은 로컬 헤모글로빈 농도 멜라닌 농도, 산소 포화도를 포함한 조직 생리 학적 파라미터를 추출 할 수있는 기술이다. 이 글은 사양 r에 대해 설명계측을 구축하고 생체 인간의 피부에 기술을 보여줍니다하는 방법, 광섬유 프로브를 구성하는 equired. 이 작품은 조직 마이크로 아키텍처, 특히 혀끝의 피부 각질 세포가, 그와 관련된 생리 학적 매개 변수와 함께 공동 등록 할 수 있습니다 것으로 나타났습니다. 여기에 제시된 수단 및 섬유 다발 프로브 장기 다양한 시스템에서 사용하기위한 핸드 헬드 또는 내시경 호환 장치 중 하나로 최적화 될 수있다. 추가의 임상 연구는 상이한 상피 질환 상태에 대한 이러한 기술의 가능성을 테스트하기 위해 필요하다.

이 프로토콜에 따라, 연구자는 뷰의 전체 필드 (도 5)로 조직 부위의 포커스에 고해상도 이미지를 얻을 것이다. 표준 노란색 형광펜에서 pyranine 잉크로 염색하는 경우 등 proflavine 등의 염료로 염색하는 경우 각각의 세포 핵을 볼 수있는 반면, 세포의 개요는, 볼 수 있습니다. 스펙트럼 수집 후, 후 처리 소프트웨어 서브 확산 반사율 스펙트럼을 맞고 [헤모글로빈...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis at JoVE.com

Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis

The assembly and use of a multimodal microendoscope is described which can co-register superficial tissue image data with tissue physiological parameters including hemoglobin concentration, melanin concentration, and oxygen saturation. This technique can be useful for evaluating tissue structure and perfusion, and can be optimized for individual needs of the investigator.

멀티 모달 이미징 및 비 침습적에 대한 분광학 섬유 다발 Microendoscopy 플랫폼,<em&gt; 생체</em&gt; 조직 분석

Recent fiber-bundle microendoscopy techniques enable non-invasive analysis of in vivo tissue using either imaging techniques or a combination of ...

The overall goal of this procedure is functional characterization of in vivo tissue by combining high-resolution structural information with quantitative spectral data. This method can be used to answer key questions in the field of cancer biology such as quantifying the effects of therapy on tissue microstructure and perfusion. The main advantage of this technique is that a single probe can be used to collect both image and spectroscopy data from the same location.The implications of this technique extend towards gastrointestinal cancer therapy because the probe is compatible with conventional endoscopy techniques. Generally, individuals new to this method will struggle because small irregularities in probe placement can significantly affect data accuracy. We first had the idea for this method when we realized the importance of combining a high-resolution imaging technique with a quantitative spectroscopy method.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the preparation steps are difficult to learn because of the complexity of both the construction and calibration. To begin assembling the high-resolution fluorescence microscopy modality of the multimodal micro endoscope, mount a 470 nanometer dichroic mirror in a 30 millimeter cage cube. Attach cage assembly rods to the front, right, and left sides of the cage cube.Attach a stress-free retaining ring to a threaded cage plate and screw a lens tube into the retaining ring. Attach another cage plate to the lens tube aligned with the first cage plate. Next, secure a UV-enhanced aluminum mirror in a right angle mirror mount.Attach four rods to the front of the mirror mount and two rods diagonally to the right side of the mount. Slide the lens tube assembly onto the left side of the cage cube. Connect the right side of the mirror mount assembly to the lens tube assembly.Slide a Z-axis translation mount onto the right side of the assembly. Attach a 10x achromatic objective lens to the translation mount. Next, secure a fiber adapter plate to an XY-axis translation lens mount.Slide the mount onto the assembly in front of the objective lens. Using retaining rings, secure an appropriate excitation filter and emission filter in lens tubes. Screw the excitation filter lens tube into the front of the cage cube.And the emission filter lens tube into the front of the right angle mirror mount. Using epoxy, attach a 455 nanometer LED to the cage plate in front of the excitation filter. Slide a cage plate in front of each filter lens tube.Using a retaining ring, secure an achromatic doublet tube lens into another lens tube so that the arrow on the outside of the lens faces the externally threaded side of the lens tube. Attach the tube lens to the left cage plate, place another cage plate in front of the tube lens. Using a stress-free retaining ring, attach a USB monochrome camera to the cage plate.To begin assembling the sub-diffuse reflection spectroscopy modality, attach a threaded cage plate to the front of a tungsten halogen light source with epoxy. Insert four cage assembly rods into the cage plate and slide a Z-axis translation mount onto the rods. Screw a 20x achromatic objective lens into the Z-axis translation mount.Connect a fiber adapter plate to an XY-axis translation mount and slide the mount onto the assembly in front of the objective lens. Finally, secure both assemblies to an optical table close together using appropriate mounting devices. To begin constructing the source detector separation switching device, screw an externally threaded SMA fiber adapter plate into an aluminum motor arm.Attach a motor arm adapter to the back of the motor arm. Then, screw a stepper motor into an aluminum motor housing. Thread the motor arm assembly onto the motor rod and tighten the locking screw.Next, screw three fiber adapter plates into an optical switch and then screw the face plate onto the optical switch. Thread the stepper motor rod through the center hole of the optical switch. Place a stepper motor driver across the center line of a sodderless red board.Connect the driver to an appropriate power supply and the stepper motor. Secure the optical switch to the optical table. Attach a 550 micrometer 0.22 na patch cable to the motor arm.Connect the other end to a USB spectrometer. To connect the fiber optic probe, attach the central 1 millimeter image fiber cable to the high-resolution fluorescence microscopy modality assembly. Attach the left 200 micrometer multi-mode cable to the sub-diffuse reflection spectroscopy modality assembly.Continuing from the left, connect the remaining multi-mode cables in order to the left, middle, and right adapters of the optical switching device. To begin calibration for the experiment, connect all USB peripherals to the computer. Turn on all instrumentation and ensure the tungsten halogen lamp shutter is open.Then, turn off the room lights and close other sources of ambient light. Open the data acquisition software. Allow the equipment to run for 30 minutes before proceeding to calibration.Place a 20%diffuse reflection standard into the bottom section of the calibration device. Insert the fiber optic probe into the left slot of the device and set the motorized optical switch to the left to select the 374 micrometer as DS setting. In the software, set the integration time to 500 milliseconds.Then, click acquire spectrum to begin acquisition of RMAX for this SDS. When acquisition of RMAX is finished, save the spectrum in a designated folder. Close the tungsten halogen lamp shutter and acquire the R dark spectrum for this SDS.Open the shutter, move the probe to the right slot in the calibration device and set the motorized optical switch to the middle position for the 730 micrometer SDS setting. Acquire RMAX and RDARK for this SDS to complete the calibration. First, determine the appropriate skin area for data collection.Using a yellow highlighter as a Pyranine source, lightly stain the chosen area. To begin the high-resolution fluorescence microscopy, turn on the 455 nanometer LED and close the shutter of the tungsten halogen lamp. Place the fiber optic probe in gentle contact with the skin.Move the probe across the Pyranine-stained tissue to display the apical current insight architecture. In the software set an appropriate exposure time and gain to avoid image saturation. Then, click acquire image to obtain a static image.Keep the probe in place for the sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. Turn off the 455 nanometer LED and open the tungsten halogen lamp shutter. Then, switch to the 374 micrometer SDS setting on the left.Click acquire spectra to acquire the R-tissue spectrum for this SDS. Then, switch to the middle position and acquire the 730 micrometer SDS R-tissue spectrum. Open the post-processing software and click run.When prompted, select the calibration spectra, the in vivo spectra and the high-resolution fluorescence image to obtain the tissue image. The high resolution fluorescence microscopy modality provides an in focus high-resolution image of the tissue site. Pyranine staining shows individual Keratinocyte outlines.The post-processing software uses the sub-diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data to calculate hemoglobin concentration, melanin concentration, and tissue oxygen saturation. A benign melanocytic nevus was compared to neighboring normal skin tissue using this multimodal micro endoscope. The melanocytic nevus displayed a slightly lower hemoglobin concentration and a slightly elevated melanin concentration compared to normal tissue.Once mastered, this technique can be done in less than an hour if performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it's important to let the tungsten halogen lamp warm up for 15 minutes and to calibrate the instrumentation with a reflectance standard prior to data collection. Following this procedure, other techniques such as confocal microscopy or multiphoton microscopy can be used to explore subcellular changes in protein structure or metabolism.After its development this technique has paved the way for researchers to explore the relationship between tissue perfusion and microstructure in response to chemotherapy. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding of how to construct and use a hybrid micro endoscopic imaging and spectroscopy device.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Multimodal Imaging and Spectroscopy Fiber-bundle Microendoscopy Platform for Non-invasive, In Vivo Tissue Analysis

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

High-resolution Fiber-optic Microendoscopy for in situ Cellular Imaging

고해상도 광섬유 Microendoscopy에 대한 현장에서 세포 이미징

Many biological and clinical studies require the longitudinal study and analysis of morphology and function with cellular level resolution.  ...

연구

생체공학

Video-rate Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Microendoscopy

비디오 - 속도 검색 공촛점 현미경과 Microendoscopy

Confocal microscopy has become an invaluable tool in biology and the biomedical sciences, enabling rapid, high-sensitivity, and high-resolution optical ...

Non-contact, Label-free Monitoring of Cells and Extracellular Matrix using Raman Spectroscopy

라만 분광학을 사용하여 세포와 세포외 기질의 비 접촉, 레이블이없는 모니터링

Non-destructive, non-contact and label-free technologies to monitor cell and tissue cultures are needed in the field of biomedical research.1-5 However, ...

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

에 대한 바이러스 나노 입자<em&gt; 생체에</em&gt; 종양 이미징

The use of nanomaterials has the potential to revolutionize materials science and medicine. Currently, a number of different nanoparticles are being ...

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

3 차원 세포 배양을위한 자기보고 발판

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

A Novel Stretching Platform for Applications in Cell and Tissue Mechanobiology

세포와 조직 Mechanobiology의 응용 프로그램에 대한 새로운 스트레칭 플랫폼

Tools that allow the application of mechanical forces to cells and tissues or that can quantify the mechanical properties of biological tissues have ...

Biofunctionalized Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging Applications

멀티 모달 분자 이미징 애플리케이션을위한 Biofunctionalized 프 러시안 블루 나노 입자

Multimodal, molecular imaging allows the visualization of biological processes at cellular, subcellular, and molecular-level resolutions using multiple, ...

Atomic Force Microscopy Imaging and Force Spectroscopy of Supported Lipid Bilayers

원자 힘 현미경 이미징 및 지원 지질 이중층의 힘 분광학

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a versatile, high-resolution imaging technique that allows visualization of biological membranes. It has sufficient ...

A Microfluidic Platform for High-throughput Single-cell Isolation and Culture

높은 처리량 단일 세포의 분리 및 문화를위한 미세 유체 플랫폼

Studying the heterogeneity of single cells is crucial for many biological questions, but is technically difficult. Thus, there is a need for a simple, yet ...

Imaging the Root Hair Morphology of Arabidopsis Seedlings in a Two-layer Microfluidic Platform

Imaging the Root Hair Morphology of Arabidopsis Seedlings in a Two-layer Microfluidic Platform

2 층 미세 플랫폼에서 애기 모종의 루트 머리 형태를 이미징

Root hairs increase root surface area for better water uptake and nutrient absorption by the plant. Because they are small in size and often obscured by ...