Name: patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

We thank Joung Jang and Xin Guan for technical assistance. We thank Dr. Rory McQuiston of Virginia Commonwealth University for setting up our first patch clamp rig and advices on experimental procedures. We thank Dr. Samuel Wu for suggestions on voltage clamp recording. The work is supported by NIH grants EY013811, EY022228 and a vision core grant EY002520. C-KC is the Alice R. McPherson Retina Research Foundation Endowed Chair at the Baylor College of Medicine.

Etisk godkendelse - procedurer, der involverer dyr emner blev gennemført i overensstemmelse med de regler og forskrifter for National Institutes of Health retningslinjer for forsøgsdyr, som er godkendt af den institutionelle Dyrepleje og bruge udvalg af Baylor College of Medicine. 1. Eksterne og interne løsninger <ol><li> Brug pattedyr Ringers opløsning under nethinden dissektion og som ekstern løsning i efterfølgende elektrofysiologiske optagelse. Forbered pattedyr Ringers opløsning fra 10x stamopløsn...

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Mange laboratorier har optaget fra GCL neuroner i det flade-mount forberedelse 15-18, men vores procedurer tillader optagelse fra INL neuroner. Vi lægger vægt hermed flere trin, der er afgørende for en vellykket rutinemæssige optagelser. Friskhed og planhed af nethinden er vigtige til penetrering med en optagelse pipette. I denne henseende firmaet fastgørelse af nethinden til det stansede nitrocellulosemembran er altafgørende, og opnås ved transient absorption af opløsning...

As an easily accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina has for decades been a useful model in neuroscience studies. Genetic marking of neurons has allowed detailed characterization of synaptic connections in the retina. With many methodologies available to examine function and morphology of retinal neurons, the patch clamp recording technique has been instrumental in our current understanding of vertically transmitted signals in the retina. These signals are originated from photon absorption in photoreceptors and sent to brain visual centers through spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a large body of knowledge accumulated thus far, neural diversity in vascularized mammalian retina remains unsolved and obstructs the full appreciation of retinal circuits that subserve normal vision. This is in part because most recordings were performed on retinal slices to trade lateral circuit integrity for access to more proximal retinal neurons1-3. To gain a comprehensive picture on how retina computes visual signals, it is thus desirable to record neurons in flat-mounts wherein lateral connections, large and small, may be better preserved.
When synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells is interrupted due to a defective metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) signaling pathway in depolarizing bipolar cells4-6 or simply as the result of photoreceptor loss in degenerated retinas7-10, many RGCs exhibit oscillatory activities. These oscillations originate from multiple sources, however the one involving gap junction coupling between AII amacrine cells (AII-ACs) and depolarizing cone bipolar cells (DCBCs) has received the most attention and hence is best understood1,7,11. We have found another source, which persists under pharmacological blockade of the aforementioned AII-AC/DCBC network and drives oscillation of OFF-type SACs in Rho&#916;CTA and Nob mice with deafferentated retinas7,8,12. Here we detail our protocol of preparing retinal flat-mounts for INL neuron recording. This approach uses commercial mouse lines (Jax stock no. 006410 and 007905) to mark cholinergic retinal neurons by fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expression that is identifiable under a fluorescent microscope equipped with contrast enhancing optics. Some experimental results acquired through this approach have been previously reported4,5,7,13.

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		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:195px;">Fixed-stage fluorescent microscope with DIC</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BX51-WI</td>
			<td style="width:419px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Micromanipulators</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">MP-225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Patch clamp amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A-M System</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">AM2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">AD converter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">National Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">NI-USB-6221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Heater controller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">TC-324B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Inline heater</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">SC-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Dynamax</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">pipette puller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Glass tube with filament</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">King Precision Glass</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A.M.P.I.</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Master-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Biocytin</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">B4261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BP328-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S0876</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S5011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C5670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">MgSO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">M1880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G6152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">K-gluconate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G4500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">ATP-Mg</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Li-GTP</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G5884</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">EGTA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">E0396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Cs-methanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C1426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CsOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Syringer filter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">1 ml syring</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">17013002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10 ul pipette tip</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">24-130RL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Streptavidin-488</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S-11223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10X PBS</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">17-517Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina

Den mammale nethinden er et lagdelt væv består af flere neuronale typer. For at forstå, hvordan visuelle signaler behandles inden for sit indviklede synaptisk netværk, er elektrofysiologiske optagelser ofte bruges til at undersøge forbindelser mellem individuelle neuroner. Vi har optimeret en flad-mount forberedelse til patch clamp registrering af genetisk mærket neuroner i både GCL (ganglion cellelag) og INL (indre nukleare lag) af muse nethinder. Optagelse INL neuroner i flade-mounts er begunstiget i skiver fordi både lodrette og vandrette forbindelser er bevaret i den tidligere konfiguration, så retinale kredsløb med store laterale komponenter, der skal undersøges. Vi har brugt denne fremgangsmåde for at sammenligne svarene fra spejl partner med neuroner i nethinder såsom cholinerge starburst amacrine celler (SAC).

Repræsentative optagelser af on- og off-typen habitatområderne fra en deafferentated mus nethinden er vist i figur 1. Cholinerge celler i både GCL og INL kan opgøres pålideligt identificeres ved tdTomato fluorescens og målrettet for hel-celle patch clamp optagelse under DIC (figur 1A) at afsløre svingning af deres membran potentialer (top spor) og synaptiske strømme, der driver det (nederst spor, Figur 1B). Hæmmende og excitator...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina

Denne protokol viser, hvordan du udfører hel-celle patch clamp optagelse på retinale neuroner fra en flad-mount forberedelse.

Patch Clamp Registrering af Starburst amacrine Celler i en væg-mount Udarbejdelse af Deafferentated Mouse Retina

The mammalian retina is a layered tissue composed of multiple neuronal types. To understand how visual signals are processed within its intricate synaptic ...

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Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of ...

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Dyrkning og Elektrofysiologi af celler på NRcC Patch-clamp Chips

Due to its exquisite sensitivity and the ability to monitor and control individual cells at the level of ion channels, patch-clamping is the gold standard ...

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

<sub&gt; 1</sub&gt; F<sub&gt; O</sub&gt; ATPase Vehikelpræparationen og Teknik for Performing patchclamp Optagelser af Submitochondrial vesikelmembraner

Mitochondria are involved in many important cellular  functions including metabolism, survival1, development and, calcium signaling2. Two of the most ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

Patchclamp Optagelser fra embryonale zebrafisk Mauthner Cells

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

Recording Light-evoked Postsynaptic Responses in Neurons in Dark-adapted, Mouse Retinal Slice Preparations Using Patch Clamp Techniques

Optagelse Light-fremkaldte Postsynaptiske Responses i neuroner i Dark-tilpassede, Mouse Retinal Slice Forberedelser Brug Patch Clamp Techniques

The retina is the gateway to the visual system. To understand visual signal processing mechanisms, we investigate retinal neural network functions. ...

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Perforeret Patch-clamp Registrering af Mouse Olfactory sensoriske neuroner i Intakt neuroepithelium: Funktionel analyse af neuroner udtrykker en identificeret odorantreceptor

Analyzing the physiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) when stimulated with specific ligands is critical to understand the basis of ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

Whole-celle Patch-clamp Optagelser i Brain Skiver

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Auditive hjernestammen svar og ydre hår celle hele-celle Patch klemme optagelse i Postnatal rotter

The outer hair cell is one of the two types of sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. They alter their cell length with the receptor potential to ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Præparater og protokoller for hele cellen Patch klemme optagelsen af Xenopus laevis Tectal neuroner

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...

Preparation of Acute Spinal Cord Slices for Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

Forberedelse af akut rygmarven skiver til hele-celle Patch-klemme optagelse i Substantia Gelatinosa neuroner

Recent whole-cell patch-clamp studies from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons have provided a large body of information about the spinal mechanisms ...