Name: patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

We thank Joung Jang and Xin Guan for technical assistance. We thank Dr. Rory McQuiston of Virginia Commonwealth University for setting up our first patch clamp rig and advices on experimental procedures. We thank Dr. Samuel Wu for suggestions on voltage clamp recording. The work is supported by NIH grants EY013811, EY022228 and a vision core grant EY002520. C-KC is the Alice R. McPherson Retina Research Foundation Endowed Chair at the Baylor College of Medicine.

Ethische Zustimmung - Verfahren unter Verwendung tierischer Probanden wurden in Übereinstimmung mit den Regeln und Vorschriften der National Institutes of Health Leitlinien für die Forschung Tieren durchgeführt, wie sie in der institutionellen Tierpflege und verwenden Ausschuss von Baylor College of Medicine zugelassen. 1. Externe und interne Lösungen <ol><li> Verwenden Sie Säugetier Ringer-Lösung während der Retina Dissektion und als externe Lösung in den nachfolgenden elektro Aufnahme. Bereiten Sie d...

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Viele Labors haben von GCL - Neuronen in der aufgezeichneten Flachmontage Vorbereitung 15-18, aber unsere Verfahren von INL Neuronen ermöglichen die Aufnahme. Wir betonen hiermit mehrere Schritte, die für eine erfolgreiche Routine-Aufnahmen von entscheidender Bedeutung sind. Die Frische und die Flachheit der Netzhaut sind wichtig für sie mit einer Aufnahme Pipette eindringen. In dieser Hinsicht ist die feste Anbringung der Netzhaut auf die gestanzten Nitrocellulosemembran ragen...

As an easily accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina has for decades been a useful model in neuroscience studies. Genetic marking of neurons has allowed detailed characterization of synaptic connections in the retina. With many methodologies available to examine function and morphology of retinal neurons, the patch clamp recording technique has been instrumental in our current understanding of vertically transmitted signals in the retina. These signals are originated from photon absorption in photoreceptors and sent to brain visual centers through spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a large body of knowledge accumulated thus far, neural diversity in vascularized mammalian retina remains unsolved and obstructs the full appreciation of retinal circuits that subserve normal vision. This is in part because most recordings were performed on retinal slices to trade lateral circuit integrity for access to more proximal retinal neurons1-3. To gain a comprehensive picture on how retina computes visual signals, it is thus desirable to record neurons in flat-mounts wherein lateral connections, large and small, may be better preserved.
When synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells is interrupted due to a defective metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) signaling pathway in depolarizing bipolar cells4-6 or simply as the result of photoreceptor loss in degenerated retinas7-10, many RGCs exhibit oscillatory activities. These oscillations originate from multiple sources, however the one involving gap junction coupling between AII amacrine cells (AII-ACs) and depolarizing cone bipolar cells (DCBCs) has received the most attention and hence is best understood1,7,11. We have found another source, which persists under pharmacological blockade of the aforementioned AII-AC/DCBC network and drives oscillation of OFF-type SACs in Rho&#916;CTA and Nob mice with deafferentated retinas7,8,12. Here we detail our protocol of preparing retinal flat-mounts for INL neuron recording. This approach uses commercial mouse lines (Jax stock no. 006410 and 007905) to mark cholinergic retinal neurons by fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expression that is identifiable under a fluorescent microscope equipped with contrast enhancing optics. Some experimental results acquired through this approach have been previously reported4,5,7,13.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:195px;">Fixed-stage fluorescent microscope with DIC</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BX51-WI</td>
			<td style="width:419px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Micromanipulators</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">MP-225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Patch clamp amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A-M System</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">AM2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">AD converter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">National Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">NI-USB-6221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Heater controller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">TC-324B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Inline heater</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">SC-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Dynamax</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">pipette puller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Glass tube with filament</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">King Precision Glass</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A.M.P.I.</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Master-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Biocytin</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">B4261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BP328-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S0876</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S5011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C5670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">MgSO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">M1880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G6152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">K-gluconate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G4500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">ATP-Mg</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Li-GTP</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G5884</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">EGTA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">E0396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Cs-methanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C1426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CsOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Syringer filter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">1 ml syring</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">17013002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10 ul pipette tip</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">24-130RL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Streptavidin-488</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S-11223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10X PBS</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">17-517Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina

Die Netzhaut von Säugetieren ist ein geschichtetes Gewebe aus mehreren neuronalen Typen zusammen. Um zu verstehen, wie visuelle Signale in seinem komplizierten synaptische Netzwerk verarbeitet werden, werden häufig elektrophysiologischen Ableitungen zu studieren Verbindungen zwischen den einzelnen Neuronen verwendet. Wir haben optimiert, um eine Flachmontage Vorbereitung für die Patch-Clamp-Aufzeichnung von genetisch markierten Neuronen in sowohl GCL (Ganglion Zellschicht) und INL (innere Kernschicht) von Maus-Netzhäuten. Aufnahme INL Neuronen in Flat-Halterungen über Scheiben bevorzugt, weil sowohl vertikale als auch seitliche Anschlüsse in der früheren Konfiguration beibehalten werden, so dass der Netzhaut-Schaltungen mit großen seitlichen Komponenten untersucht werden. Wir haben dieses Verfahren verwendet Reaktionen von Spiegelneuronen partnered in Retinae wie die cholinerge Starburst-Amakrinzellen (SAC) zu vergleichen.

Repräsentative Aufnahmen von On- und OFF-Typ FFH aus einer deafferentated Maus Netzhaut sind in Abbildung 1 dargestellt. Cholinergen Zellen sowohl in der GCL und INL zuverlässig durch tdTomato Fluoreszenz und gezielt für Ganzzell - Patch - Clamp - Aufzeichnung unter DIC (1A) identifiziert werden , offenbaren Schwingung ihrer Membranpotentialen (oben Spuren) und den synaptischen Ströme, die es (unten Spuren, 1B) fahren. Die inhibitori...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina

Dieses Protokoll zeigt, wie Whole-Cell-Patch-Clamp-Aufzeichnung auf die retinale Neuronen aus einem flachen-Mount-Vorbereitung durchzuführen.

Patch-Clamp-Aufzeichnung von Starburst-Amakrinzellen in einer Wohnung Montage Herstellung von Deafferentated Maus Retina

The mammalian retina is a layered tissue composed of multiple neuronal types. To understand how visual signals are processed within its intricate synaptic ...

Research

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Neuroscience

Patch Clamp Recordings from Mouse Retinal Neurons in a Dark-adapted Slice Preparation

Patch Clamp Messungen von Mouse Netzhautneuronen in einem Dark-Scheiben angepasst Vorbereitung

Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of ...

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Culturing and Electrophysiology of Cells on NRCC Patch-clamp Chips

Die Züchtung und Elektrophysiologie von Zellen auf NRCC Patch-Clamp-Chips

Due to its exquisite sensitivity and the ability to monitor and control individual cells at the level of ion channels, patch-clamping is the gold standard ...

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

F1FO ATPase Vesicle Preparation and Technique for Performing Patch Clamp Recordings of Submitochondrial Vesicle Membranes

<sub&gt; 1</sub&gt; F<sub&gt; O</sub&gt; ATPase Vesicle Vorbereitung und Technik für Darstellende Patch-Clamp-Recordings von submitochondrialen Vesikelmembranen

Mitochondria are involved in many important cellular  functions including metabolism, survival1, development and, calcium signaling2. Two of the most ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

Patch-Clamp-Aufnahmen aus embryonalen Zebrafisch-Mauthner-Zellen

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

Recording Light-evoked Postsynaptic Responses in Neurons in Dark-adapted, Mouse Retinal Slice Preparations Using Patch Clamp Techniques

Recording Licht-evozierte Postsynaptische Antworten in Neuronen im Dunkel-adaptierten, Maus retinalen Scheibe Vorbereitungen Verwendung Patch-Clamp-Techniken

The retina is the gateway to the visual system. To understand visual signal processing mechanisms, we investigate retinal neural network functions. ...

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Perforated-Patch-Clamp-Aufzeichnung der Maus Riechzellen in Intact Neuroepithel: Funktionelle Analyse von Neuronen, die eine bestimmte Geruchsrezeptor

Analyzing the physiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) when stimulated with specific ligands is critical to understand the basis of ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

Whole-Cell-Patch-Clamp-Aufnahmen in Hirnschnitten

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Auditory Brainstem Response und äußeren Haarzellen Whole-Cell Patch Clamp Aufnahme bei postnatalen Ratten

The outer hair cell is one of the two types of sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. They alter their cell length with the receptor potential to ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Vorbereitungen und Protokolle für die ganze Zelle Patch Clamp Aufnahme von Xenopus Laevis Tectal Neuronen

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...

Preparation of Acute Spinal Cord Slices for Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

Vorbereitung der akuten Rückenmark Scheiben auf Whole-Cell Patch-Clamp-Aufnahme in den Neuronen der Substantia Gelatinosa

Recent whole-cell patch-clamp studies from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons have provided a large body of information about the spinal mechanisms ...