Name: patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina
Uploaded: 2016-10-13T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

We thank Joung Jang and Xin Guan for technical assistance. We thank Dr. Rory McQuiston of Virginia Commonwealth University for setting up our first patch clamp rig and advices on experimental procedures. We thank Dr. Samuel Wu for suggestions on voltage clamp recording. The work is supported by NIH grants EY013811, EY022228 and a vision core grant EY002520. C-KC is the Alice R. McPherson Retina Research Foundation Endowed Chair at the Baylor College of Medicine.

l&#39;approvazione etica - procedure che coinvolgono soggetti animali sono state condotte in conformità con le norme ei regolamenti del National Institutes of linee guida sanitarie per gli animali di ricerca, come approvato dalla cura degli animali istituzionale e usare comitato di Baylor College of Medicine. 1. esterno e delle soluzioni interne <ol><li> Utilizzare la soluzione di Ringer mammiferi durante la dissezione retina e la soluzione esterna nella successiva registrazione elettrofisiologica. Preparare ...

<ol>
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Molti laboratori hanno registrato dai neuroni GCL nella preparazione 15-18 TV a monte, ma le nostre procedure consentono la registrazione da neuroni INL. Con la presente sottolineare diversi passaggi che sono fondamentali per le registrazioni di routine di successo. La freschezza e planarità della retina sono importanti per penetrare con una pipetta di registrazione. A questo proposito, il fermo attaccamento della retina alla membrana di nitrocellulosa perforato è fondamentale e...

As an easily accessible part of the central nervous system, the retina has for decades been a useful model in neuroscience studies. Genetic marking of neurons has allowed detailed characterization of synaptic connections in the retina. With many methodologies available to examine function and morphology of retinal neurons, the patch clamp recording technique has been instrumental in our current understanding of vertically transmitted signals in the retina. These signals are originated from photon absorption in photoreceptors and sent to brain visual centers through spiking of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Despite a large body of knowledge accumulated thus far, neural diversity in vascularized mammalian retina remains unsolved and obstructs the full appreciation of retinal circuits that subserve normal vision. This is in part because most recordings were performed on retinal slices to trade lateral circuit integrity for access to more proximal retinal neurons1-3. To gain a comprehensive picture on how retina computes visual signals, it is thus desirable to record neurons in flat-mounts wherein lateral connections, large and small, may be better preserved.
When synaptic transmission from photoreceptors to bipolar cells is interrupted due to a defective metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 (mGluR6) signaling pathway in depolarizing bipolar cells4-6 or simply as the result of photoreceptor loss in degenerated retinas7-10, many RGCs exhibit oscillatory activities. These oscillations originate from multiple sources, however the one involving gap junction coupling between AII amacrine cells (AII-ACs) and depolarizing cone bipolar cells (DCBCs) has received the most attention and hence is best understood1,7,11. We have found another source, which persists under pharmacological blockade of the aforementioned AII-AC/DCBC network and drives oscillation of OFF-type SACs in Rho&#916;CTA and Nob mice with deafferentated retinas7,8,12. Here we detail our protocol of preparing retinal flat-mounts for INL neuron recording. This approach uses commercial mouse lines (Jax stock no. 006410 and 007905) to mark cholinergic retinal neurons by fluorescent protein (tdTomato) expression that is identifiable under a fluorescent microscope equipped with contrast enhancing optics. Some experimental results acquired through this approach have been previously reported4,5,7,13.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="984">
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	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:195px;">Fixed-stage fluorescent microscope with DIC</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BX51-WI</td>
			<td style="width:419px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Micromanipulators</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">MP-225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Patch clamp amplifier</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A-M System</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">AM2400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">AD converter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">National Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">NI-USB-6221</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Heater controller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">TC-324B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Inline heater</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Warner Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">SC-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Dynamax</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">pipette puller</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sutter Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Glass tube with filament</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">King Precision Glass</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Customized</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Stimulator</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">A.M.P.I.</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">Master-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Biocytin</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">B4261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S6191</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KCl</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5405</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;">NaHCO3</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Fisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">BP328-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Na2HPO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S0876</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">NaH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S5011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C5670</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">MgSO4</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">M1880</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">D-glucose</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G6152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">K-gluconate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G4500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">ATP-Mg</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">A9187</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Li-GTP</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">G5884</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">EGTA</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">E0396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">KOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">P5958</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Cs-methanesulfonate</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">C1426</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">CsOH</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Sigma</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">232041</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Syringer filter</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Nalgene</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">171</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">1 ml syring</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Rainin</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:219px;">17013002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10 ul pipette tip</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Genesee Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">24-130RL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">Streptavidin-488</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">ThermoFisher</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">S-11223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:195px;">10X PBS</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">17-517Q</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patch clamp recording of starburst amacrine cells in a flat-mount preparation of deafferentated mouse retina

La retina dei mammiferi è un tessuto stratificato composto da più tipi di neuroni. Per capire come i segnali visivi vengono elaborati all&#39;interno della propria rete sinaptica intricata, registrazioni elettrofisiologiche sono spesso utilizzati per studiare le connessioni tra i singoli neuroni. Abbiamo ottimizzato una preparazione TV a monte per la registrazione patch clamp di neuroni geneticamente marcate sia in GCL (strato di cellule gangliari) e INL (strato nucleare interno) di retine di topo. Registrazione neuroni INL a Flat-monti è favorita rispetto fette perché le connessioni sia verticali e laterali sono conservati nella ex di configurazione, consentendo circuiti della retina con componenti di grandi dimensioni laterali da studiare. Abbiamo usato questa procedura per confrontare le risposte dei neuroni specchio-partnered in retine come i colinergici cellule amacrine starburst (ZSC).

Registrazioni rappresentativi di on e off-tipo ZSC da una retina deafferentated del mouse sono mostrati in figura 1. Le cellule colinergici sia in GCL e INL può essere attendibilmente identificate da tdTomato fluorescenza e mirati per la cellula intera registrazione patch clamp sotto DIC (Figura 1A) a rivelare l&#39;oscillazione dei loro potenziali di membrana (in alto tracce) e le correnti sinaptiche che la determinano (tracce di fondo, figura ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina at JoVE.com

Patch Clamp Recording of Starburst Amacrine Cells in a Flat-mount Preparation of Deafferentated Mouse Retina

Questo protocollo dimostra come eseguire cellula intera registrazione patch clamp su neuroni della retina da una preparazione TV a montare.

Patch clamp di celle Starburst amacrine in un appartamento di montaggio Preparazione di Deafferentated mouse Retina

The mammalian retina is a layered tissue composed of multiple neuronal types. To understand how visual signals are processed within its intricate synaptic ...

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Bloccare Registrazioni patch da neuroni della retina del mouse in un Dark-adattato Preparazione Slice

Our visual experience is initiated when the visual pigment in our retinal photoreceptors absorbs photons of light energy and initiates a cascade of ...

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<sub&gt; 1</sub&gt; F<sub&gt; O</sub&gt; ATPasi Vesicle Preparazione e tecnica per permettere Bloccare Registrazioni patch di membrane delle vescicole submitocondriali

Mitochondria are involved in many important cellular  functions including metabolism, survival1, development and, calcium signaling2. Two of the most ...

Patch Clamp Recordings from Embryonic Zebrafish Mauthner Cells

Bloccare Registrazioni patch da cellule embrionali Zebrafish Mauthner

Mauthner cells (M-cells) are large  reticulospinal neurons located in the hindbrain of teleost fish. They are key  neurons involved in a characteristic ...

Recording Light-evoked Postsynaptic Responses in Neurons in Dark-adapted, Mouse Retinal Slice Preparations Using Patch Clamp Techniques

Registrazione Light-evocato Risposte postsinaptica nei neuroni in Dark-adattati, i preparativi della retina del mouse Slice Utilizzando tecniche di patch clamp

The retina is the gateway to the visual system. To understand visual signal processing mechanisms, we investigate retinal neural network functions. ...

Perforated Patch-clamp Recording of Mouse Olfactory Sensory Neurons in Intact Neuroepithelium: Functional Analysis of Neurons Expressing an Identified Odorant Receptor

Perforato Patch-clamp registrazione di topo neuroni sensoriali olfattivi In neuroepithelium intatto: Analisi funzionale di neuroni Esprimendo un Identificato odorizzante Receptor

Analyzing the physiological responses of olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) when stimulated with specific ligands is critical to understand the basis of ...

Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recordings in Brain Slices

Registrazioni Whole-cell patch-clamp nel cervello fette

Whole-cell patch-clamp recording is an electrophysiological technique that allows the study of the&#160;electrical properties of a substantial part of the ...

Auditory Brainstem Response and Outer Hair Cell Whole-cell Patch Clamp Recording in Postnatal Rats

Risposta uditiva del tronco cerebrale ed esterna della cellula ciliata cellule intere Patch Clamp registrazione in ratti postnatali

The outer hair cell is one of the two types of sensory hair cells in the mammalian cochlea. They alter their cell length with the receptor potential to ...

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparations and Protocols for Whole Cell Patch Clamp Recording of Xenopus laevis Tectal Neurons

Preparazioni e protocolli per l'intera cella Patch Clamp registrazione dei neuroni Tectal Xenopus laevis

The Xenopus tadpole retinotectal circuit, comprised of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the eye which form synapses directly onto neurons in the optic ...

Preparation of Acute Spinal Cord Slices for Whole-cell Patch-clamp Recording in Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons

Preparazione delle fette Acute del midollo spinale per la registrazione di cellule intere Patch-clamp in neuroni di sostanza Gelatinosa

Recent whole-cell patch-clamp studies from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons have provided a large body of information about the spinal mechanisms ...