Name: an acute retinal model for evaluating blood retinal barrier breach and potential drugs for treatment
Uploaded: 2016-09-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Acute Retinal Model for Evaluating Blood Retinal Barrier Breach and Potential Drugs for Treatment at JoVE.com

Bringhurst Meats (Berlin, NJ) is acknowledged for their genuine help in providing the swine eyeballs.

Alle protocollen werden uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met het beleid van de Animal Care en gebruik Comite institutionele waar van toepassing. 1. Voorbereiding <ol><li> Bereid de stabilisatie media met 75% Dulbecco&#39;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), 25% Hank&#39;s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS). Meng goed, hoeveelheid en bewaar bij -20 ° C tot gebruik. </li><li> Bereid de fosfaat gebufferde zoutoplossing (PBS) en steriliseer in de autoclaaf. Bewaar de oplossing bij kamertemperatuur. Verwar...

<ol>
	<li>Cunha-Vaz, J., Bernardes, R., Lobo, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-retinal+barrier.">Blood-retinal barrier.</a> J Ophthalmol. 21, 3 (2011).</li><li>Kim, J. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Blood-neural+barrier:+intercellular+communication+at+glio-vascular+interface.">Blood-neural barrier: intercellular communication at glio-vascular interface.</a> J Biochem Molec Biol. 39, 339-345 (2006).</li><li>Kumagai, A. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose+transport+in+brain+and+retina:+implications+in+the+management+and+complications+of+diabetes.">Glucose transport in brain and retina: implications in the management and complications of diabetes.</a> Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 15, 261-273 (1999).</li><li>Runkle, E. A., Antonetti, D. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+blood-retinal+barrier:+structure+and+functional+significance.">The blood-retinal barrier: structure and functional significance.</a> Methods Molec Biol. 686, 133-148 (2011).</li><li>Takata, K., Hirano, H., Kasahara, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transport+of+glucose+across+the+blood-tissue+barriers.">Transport of glucose across the blood-tissue barriers.</a> Int Rev Cytol. 172, 1-53 (1997).</li><li>Goncalves, A., Ambrosio, A. F., Fernandes, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+claudins+in+blood-tissue+barriers+under+physiological+and+pathological+states.">Regulation of claudins in blood-tissue barriers under physiological and pathological states.</a> Tissue Barriers. 1, 24782 (2013).</li><li>Patton, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+image+analysis:+concepts,+applications+and+potential.">Retinal image analysis: concepts, applications and potential.</a> Prog Ret Eye Res. 25, 99-127 (2006).</li><li>Di Marco, L. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+dysfunction+in+the+pathogenesis+of+Alzheimer's+disease--A+review+of+endothelium-mediated+mechanisms+and+ensuing+vicious+circles.">Vascular dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease--A review of endothelium-mediated mechanisms and ensuing vicious circles.</a> Neurobiol Dis. 82, 593-606 (2015).</li><li>Nagele, R. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain-reactive+autoantibodies+prevalent+in+human+sera+increase+intraneuronal+amyloid-beta(1-42)+deposition.">Brain-reactive autoantibodies prevalent in human sera increase intraneuronal amyloid-beta(1-42) deposition.</a> J Alzheimer's Dis: JAD. 25, 605-622 (2011).</li><li>Goldwaser, E., Acharya, N., Nagele, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebrovascular+and+blood-brain+barrier+compromise:+A+mechanistic+link+between+vascular+disease+and+Alzheimer's+disease+subtypes+of+neurocognitive+disorders.">Cerebrovascular and blood-brain barrier compromise: A mechanistic link between vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease subtypes of neurocognitive disorders.</a> J Parkinsons Dis Alzheimer's Dis. 2, 10 (2015).</li><li>Horton, N. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+three-photon+microscopy+of+subcortical+structures+within+an+intact+mouse+brain.">In vivo three-photon microscopy of subcortical structures within an intact mouse brain.</a> Nat Photonics. 7, (2013).</li><li>Sedeyn, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histamine+Induces+Alzheimer's+Disease-Like+Blood+Brain+Barrier+Breach+and+Local+Cellular+Responses+in+Mouse+Brain+Organotypic+Cultures.">Histamine Induces Alzheimer's Disease-Like Blood Brain Barrier Breach and Local Cellular Responses in Mouse Brain Organotypic Cultures.</a> Biomed Res Int. 2015, 937148 (2015).</li><li>Avdeef, A., Deli, M. A., Neuhaus, W., Di, L., Kerns, E. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Blood-Brain Barrier in Drug Discovery: Optimizing Brain Exposure of CNS Drugs and Minimizing Brain Side Effects for Peripheral Drugs. , 188 (2014).</li><li>Eigenmann, D. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparative+study+of+four+immortalized+human+brain+capillary+endothelial+cell+lines,+hCMEC/D3,+hBMEC,+TY10,+and+BB19,+and+optimization+of+culture+conditions,+for+an+in+vitro+blood-brain+barrier+model+for+drug+permeability+studies.">Comparative study of four immortalized human brain capillary endothelial cell lines, hCMEC/D3, hBMEC, TY10, and BB19, and optimization of culture conditions, for an in vitro blood-brain barrier model for drug permeability studies.</a> Fluids Barriers CNS. 10, 33 (2013).</li><li>Takeshita, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+vitro+blood-brain+barrier+model+combining+shear+stress+and+endothelial+cell/astrocyte+co-culture.">An in vitro blood-brain barrier model combining shear stress and endothelial cell/astrocyte co-culture.</a> J Neurosci Methods. 232, 165-172 (2014).</li><li>Alberghina, M., Lupo, G., Anfuso, C. D., Moro, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Palmitate+transport+through+the+blood-retina+and+blood-brain+barrier+of+rat+visual+system+during+aging.">Palmitate transport through the blood-retina and blood-brain barrier of rat visual system during aging.</a> Neurosci Lett. 150, 17-20 (1993).</li><li>Hosoya, K., Yamamoto, A., Akanuma, S., Tachikawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lipophilicity+and+transporter+influence+on+blood-retinal+barrier+permeability:+a+comparison+with+blood-brain+barrier+permeability.">Lipophilicity and transporter influence on blood-retinal barrier permeability: a comparison with blood-brain barrier permeability.</a> Pharm Res. 27, 2715-2724 (2010).</li><li>Minamizono, A., Tomi, M., Hosoya, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+dehydroascorbic+acid+transport+across+the+rat+blood-retinal+and+-brain+barriers+in+experimental+diabetes.">Inhibition of dehydroascorbic acid transport across the rat blood-retinal and -brain barriers in experimental diabetes.</a> Biol Pharm Bull. 29, 2148-2150 (2006).</li><li>Serlin, Y., Levy, J., Shalev, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vascular+pathology+and+blood-brain+barrier+disruption+in+cognitive+and+psychiatric+complications+of+type+2+diabetes+mellitus.">Vascular pathology and blood-brain barrier disruption in cognitive and psychiatric complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus.</a> Cardiovasc Psychiatry Neurol. 2011, 609202 (2011).</li><li>Kolb, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+the+retina+works+-+Much+of+the+construction+of+an+image+takes+place+in+the+retina+itself+through+the+use+of+specialized+neural+circuits.">How the retina works - Much of the construction of an image takes place in the retina itself through the use of specialized neural circuits.</a> Am Sci. 91, 28-35 (2003).</li><li>Ikram, M. K., Cheung, C. Y., Wong, T. Y., Chen, C. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+pathology+as+biomarker+for+cognitive+impairment+and+Alzheimer's+disease.">Retinal pathology as biomarker for cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease.</a> J Neurol Neurosurgery Psychiatry. 83, 917-922 (2012).</li><li>Tan, Z., Ge, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amyloid-beta,+the+retina,+and+mouse+models+of+Alzheimer+disease.">Amyloid-beta, the retina, and mouse models of Alzheimer disease.</a> Am J Pathol. 176, 2055 (2010).</li><li>Serhan, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Pro-resolving+lipid+mediators+are+leads+for+resolution+physiology.">Pro-resolving lipid mediators are leads for resolution physiology.</a> Nature. 510, 92-101 (2014).</li><li>Bucolo, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+topical+indomethacin,+bromfenac+and+nepafenac+on+lipopolysaccharide-induced+ocular+inflammation.">Effects of topical indomethacin, bromfenac and nepafenac on lipopolysaccharide-induced ocular inflammation.</a> J Pharm Pharmacol. 66, 954-960 (2014).</li><li>Edelman, J. L., Lutz, D., Castro, M. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Corticosteroids+inhibit+VEGF-induced+vascular+leakage+in+a+rabbit+model+of+blood-retinal+and+blood-aqueous+barrier+breakdown.">Corticosteroids inhibit VEGF-induced vascular leakage in a rabbit model of blood-retinal and blood-aqueous barrier breakdown.</a> Exp Eye Res. 80, 249-258 (2005).</li></ol>

In this report, we present a powerful ex vivo acute retinal model of BRB dysfunction using the swine retina. This model system does not require special instruments and can be easily adapted under most laboratory settings. However, to obtain a successful result, several steps require close attention. After obtaining the eyeballs from the source, they must be kept at 4 &#176;C or on ice and processed as soon as possible. When the effect of a treatment is being analyzed, two halves of the same retina must be used -...

Een groeiende hoeveelheid bewijsmateriaal ondersteunt het bestaan ​​van bloed retinale barrière (BRB) 1-5 en de gelijkenis met de bloed-hersenbarrière (BBB) ​​6,7. Compromis van de BBB is nauw verbonden causaal of diagnostische merker van chronische neurodegeneratieve ziekten zoals de ziekte van Alzheimer (AD) 8,9 en acute aandoeningen zoals delirium 10. Mechanistische inzichten in deze pathologieën en ontdekkingen voor potentiële drug targets zijn over het algemeen belemmerd door de beperkte toegankelijkheid en netwerk complexiteit van de hersenen. Alternatieven zoals in vivo beeldvorming 11, hersenen organotypische cultuur 12, primaire celculturen 13,14 en co-cultuur systemen 15 zijn gegenereerd. De meeste van deze modellen vereisen speciale instrumenten, lange experimentele perioden of meerdere markers aan cellen te identificeren. Functionele en structurele overeenkomsten tussen BBB en BRB en een correlatie tussen de DYsfunctions van de twee werden aangevoerd 16-19. Daarnaast zijn gemakkelijker toegang welomschreven celtypen en een gelaagde structuur goed gekarakteriseerde retina als een venster naar de hersenen toegestaan. De structurele en functionele identiteit van de BBB en BRB nog worden vergeleken detail. Echter, retinale aandoeningen, met name de breuk BRB, zijn ook sterk geassocieerd met de progressie van verschillende ziekten, waaronder diabetes 18-19 en AD 21,22. Derhalve is het van belang een BRB disfunctie systeem niet alleen het mechanisme af te bakenen, maar ook potentiële geneesmiddelen te screenen stellen. In dit rapport wordt een protocol waarmee BRB disfunctie met behulp van een eenvoudige acute retinale cultuur ontwikkeld en gepresenteerd. Verhoogde BBB permeabiliteit en AD-achtige pathologische veranderingen zijn vastgesteld in de hersenen organotypische cultuur geïncubeerd met histamine, een pro-inflammatoire mediator 12. Daarom is in de gepresenteerde systeem histamine was applied de ex vivo netvlies cultuur BRB dysfunctie veroorzaken. Retina&#39;s van verschillende soorten, zoals Mus musculus en Bos taurus, getest. Vanwege hun commerciële beschikbaarheid en gelijkenis met menselijk weefsel, werden verse varkens oogappels gebruikt om de gegevens in dit jaarverslag verschaffen. Na incubatie met histamine en / of andere geneesmiddelen werden de retina voor evaluatie verwerkt door immunokleuring voor verscheidene eiwitten 12 zoals Immunoglobuline G (IgG), een van de belangrijkste bestanddelen van het bloed; glia fibrillair zuur eiwit (GFAP), een bekend marker voor glia activering; en microtubule-geassocieerd eiwit 2 (MAP2), een neuron-specifieke cytoskelet eiwit essentieel is voor de assemblage van microtubuli. Voorts is de gelaagde structuur van het netvlies kan een gedetailleerde analyse van de processen van Müllercellen en ganglioncellen, zoals veranderingen in de breedte en continuïteit. Aldus aantal extra parameters om de gevolgen van de te evaluerenBRB breuk in een vroeg stadium en de omkering effecten van mogelijke behandelingen te evalueren. In dit protocol wordt potentiële omkering effecten van onderzochte geneesmiddelen benaderd vanuit drie perspectieven: lekkage van bloedvaten (BV), de activering van gliacellen en de schade-reactie van neuronale cellen. Verschillende kwantificeringsmethoden worden gebruikt, bijvoorbeeld het expressieniveau getoond door de intensiteit van de immunokleuring, breedtemaat van een proces en continuïteit van neuronale uitlopers getoond door een verbetering filter. Om beter te illustreren de werkwijze en te helpen resultaten te interpreteren, lipoxine A4 (LXA4), een verbinding endogeen gesynthetiseerd in reactie op inflammatoire schade en verzachtende endotheeldysfunctie 23, is gekozen voor demonstratiedoeleinden.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="984">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11965-092</td>
			<td style="width:305px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">HBSS</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Life Technologies&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14170-112</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">J.T.Baker</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4072-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Histamine&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H7125-1G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">PFA</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15710</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Freezing Media&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Triangle Biomedical Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TFM-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Normal Goat Serum&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Rockland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D104-00-0050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T8787</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">GFAP Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AB5804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">MAP2 Antibody</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">EMD Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MAB3418</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">FITC conjugated Donkey anti-rabbit IgG</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">711-095-152</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Cy3 conjugated Donkey anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">715-165-150</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">mounting medium containing DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Vector Laboratories, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:291px;">Laser Confocal Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Eclipse Ti microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:291px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:269px;">National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1.45s</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an acute retinal model for evaluating blood retinal barrier breach and potential drugs for treatment

A low-cost, easy-to-use and powerful model system is established to evaluate potential treatments that could ameliorate blood retinal barrier breach. An inflammatory factor, histamine, is demonstrated to compromise vessel integrity in the cultured retina through positive staining of IgG outside of the blood vessels. The effects of histamine itself and those of candidate drugs for potential treatments, such as lipoxin A4, are assessed using three parameters: blood vessel leakage via IgG immunostaining, activation of M&#252;ller cells via GFAP staining and change in neuronal dendrites through staining for MAP2. Furthermore, the layered organization of the retina allows a detailed analysis of the processes of M&#252;ller and ganglion cells, such as changes in width and continuity. While the data presented is with swine retinal culture, the system is applicable to multiple species. Thus, the model provides a reliable tool to investigate the early effects of compromised retinal vessel integrity on different cell types and also to evaluate potential drug candidates for treatment.

We presenteren een goedkope, tijdbesparende en gemakkelijk te gebruiken kunnen mogelijke behandelingen die bescherming kan bieden tegen BRB breuk veroorzaakt door histamine evalueren. IgG wordt beperkt binnen de vaten controle retina (Figuur 1A), maar lekt uit de bloedvaten bij blootstelling histamine (Figuur 1B), hetgeen bevestigt dat het model tot stand is gebracht. LXA4 werd gekozen om het ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Acute Retinal Model for Evaluating Blood Retinal Barrier Breach and Potential Drugs for Treatment at JoVE.com

An Acute Retinal Model for Evaluating Blood Retinal Barrier Breach and Potential Drugs for Treatment

Een low-cost, is makkelijk te gebruiken en krachtige systeem opgezet om potentiële behandelingen die bloed retinale barrière schending geïnduceerd door histamine kon verbeteren evalueren. Bloedvat lekkage Müller celactivering en de continuïteit van neuronale processen worden gebruikt om de schadereactie en de omkering van een potentieel geneesmiddel, lipoxine A4 beoordelen.

Een acute retinale model voor het evalueren van Blood Retina Barrier Breach en potentiële geneesmiddelen voor de behandeling

A low-cost, easy-to-use and powerful model system is established to evaluate potential treatments that could ameliorate blood retinal barrier breach. An ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Visualization and Analysis of Blood Flow and Oxygen Consumption in Hepatic Microcirculation: Application to an Acute Hepatitis Model

Visualisatie en analyse van de bloedstroom en zuurstofverbruik in de lever microcirculatie: Toepassing op een acute hepatitis Model

There is a considerable discrepancy between oxygen supply and demand in the liver because hepatic oxygen consumption is relatively high but about 70% of ...

Intravital Video Microscopy Measurements of Retinal Blood Flow in Mice

Intravitale Video Microscopie Metingen van retinale bloedstroom in Muizen

Alterations in retinal blood flow can contribute to, or be a consequence of, ocular disease and visual dysfunction. Therefore, quantitation of altered ...

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted with a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis: Part 2 Epiretinal Implants with Retinal Tacks

Technieken voor verwerking Ogen geïmplanteerd met een Retina Prothese voor gelokaliseerde Histopathologisch Analyse: Part 2 Epiretinal Implantaten met Retina Kopspijkers

Retinal prostheses for the treatment of certain forms of blindness are gaining traction in clinical trials around the world with commercial devices ...

Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation and Reoxygenation as an In Vitro Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury Model for Studying Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction

Zuurstof-Glucose beroving en reoxygenatie als een<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Ischemie-reperfusie letsel model voor de studie bloed-hersenbarrière Dysfunction

Ischemia-Reperfusion (IR) injury is known to contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality associated with ischemic strokes. Ischemic ...

Quantitative Fundus Autofluorescence for the Evaluation of Retinal Diseases

Kwantitatieve fundus autofluorescentie voor de beoordeling van Netvliesaandoeningen

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is juxtaposed to the overlying sensory retina, and supports the function of the visual system. Among the tasks ...

A Step by Step Protocol for Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits

Een Step by Step Protocol voor Subretinal Surgery in Rabbits

Age related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa, and other RPE related diseases are the most common causes for irreversible loss of vision in ...

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

Improved Method for the Establishment of an In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model Based on Porcine Brain Endothelial Cells

Verbeterde methode voor de vaststelling van een In Vitro bloed - hersenbarrière Model gebaseerd op varkens Endothelial hersencellen

The aim of this protocol presents an optimized procedure for the purification and cultivation of pBECs and to establish in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) ...

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

An In Vivo Method for Evaluating the Gut-Blood Barrier and Liver Metabolism of Microbiota Products

Een In Vivo -methode voor het uitrekenen van de Gut-bloed barrière en lever metabolisme van Microbiota producten

The gut-blood barrier (GBB) controls the passage of nutrients, bacterial metabolites and drugs from intestinal lumen to the bloodstream. The GBB integrity ...

Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model for Ischemic Retinal Diseases in Rodents

Zuurstofgeïnduceerde retinopathiemodel voor ischemische netvliesziekten bij knaagdieren

One of the commonly used models for ischemic retinopathies is the oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model. Here we describe detailed protocols for the OIR ...

Retinal Organoid Induction System for Derivation of 3D Retinal Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

Retinale organoïde inductiesysteem voor afleiding van 3D retinale weefsels van menselijke pluripotente stamcellen

Retinal degenerative diseases are the main causes of irreversible blindness without effective treatment. Pluripotent stem cells that have the potential to ...