Name: fluorescence-activated cell sorting for purification of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from the mouse bone marrow
Uploaded: 2016-11-04T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow at JoVE.com

We thank Flow Cytometry Laboratory at Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine for the use of flow cytometry core facility. This work was supported by XML's startup funds. XL is a Stamps Fellow in the Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences graduate program.

הערה: MRL / MP-פאס LPR (MRL / LPR) עכברים נוטה זאבת גידלו ומתוחזק מתקן הפתוגן ללא הספציפיים הבאים בדרישות של טיפול בבעלי חיים מוסדיים ועדת שימוש (IACUC) וירג&#39;יניה טק (מספר אבטחת צער בעלי חיים: A3208-01). מחקר זה בוצע בהתאם קפדן עם המלצות המדריך לטיפול והשימוש בחי מעבדה של המכון הלאומי לברי?...

<ol>
	<li>Bonner, W. A., Hulett, H. R., Sweet, R. G., Herzenberg, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence+activated+cell+sorting.">Fluorescence activated cell sorting.</a> Rev Sci Instrum. 43 (3), 404-409 (1972).</li><li>Herzenberg, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+history+and+future+of+the+fluorescence+activated+cell+sorter+and+flow+cytometry:+a+view+from+Stanford.">The history and future of the fluorescence activated cell sorter and flow cytometry: a view from Stanford.</a> Clin Chem. 48 (10), 1819-1827 (2002).</li><li>Brown, M., Wittwer, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometry:+principles+and+clinical+applications+in+hematology.">Flow cytometry: principles and clinical applications in hematology.</a> Clin Chem. 46 (8 Pt 2), 1221-1229 (2000).</li><li>Laerum, O. D., Farsund, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+application+of+flow+cytometry:+a+review.">Clinical application of flow cytometry: a review.</a> Cytometry. 2 (1), 1-13 (1981).</li><li>Alvarez-Barrientos, A., Arroyo, J., Canton, R., Nombela, C., Sanchez-Perez, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applications+of+flow+cytometry+to+clinical+microbiology.">Applications of flow cytometry to clinical microbiology.</a> Clin Microbiol Rev. 13 (2), 167-195 (2000).</li><li>Mattanovich, D., Borth, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Applications+of+cell+sorting+in+biotechnology.">Applications of cell sorting in biotechnology.</a> Microb Cell Fact. 5 (12), (2006).</li><li>Aldahlawi, A. M., Elshal, M. F., Damiaiti, L. A., Damanhori, L. H., Bahlas, S. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+CD95+and+CCR7+expression+on+circulating+CD4(+)+lymphocytes+revealed+disparate+immunoregulatory+potentials+in+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">Analysis of CD95 and CCR7 expression on circulating CD4(+) lymphocytes revealed disparate immunoregulatory potentials in systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> Saudi J Biol Sci. 23 (1), 101-107 (2016).</li><li>Cullender, T. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Innate+and+adaptive+immunity+interact+to+quench+microbiome+flagellar+motility+in+the+gut.">Innate and adaptive immunity interact to quench microbiome flagellar motility in the gut.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 14 (5), 571-581 (2013).</li><li>Fernandez, A. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+fluorescence-based+isolation+of+live+C.+elegans+larvae.">High-throughput fluorescence-based isolation of live C. elegans larvae.</a> Nat Protoc. 7 (8), 1502-1510 (2012).</li><li>Cai, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DC-SIGN+expression+on+podocytes+and+its+role+in+inflammatory+immune+response+of+lupus+nephritis.">DC-SIGN expression on podocytes and its role in inflammatory immune response of lupus nephritis.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 183 (3), 317-325 (2016).</li><li>Blasius, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cell-surface+molecule+selectively+expressed+on+murine+natural+interferon-producing+cells+that+blocks+secretion+of+interferon-alpha.">A cell-surface molecule selectively expressed on murine natural interferon-producing cells that blocks secretion of interferon-alpha.</a> Blood. 103 (11), 4201-4206 (2004).</li><li>Welzel, G., Seitz, D., Schuster, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic-activated+cell+sorting+(MCS)+can+be+used+as+a+large-scale+method+for+establishing+zebrafish+neuronal+cell+cultures.">Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS) can be used as a large-scale method for establishing zebrafish neuronal cell cultures.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 7959 (2015).</li><li>Valli, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fluorescence-+and+magnetic-activated+cell+sorting+strategies+to+isolate+and+enrich+human+spermatogonial+stem+cells.">Fluorescence- and magnetic-activated cell sorting strategies to isolate and enrich human spermatogonial stem cells.</a> Fertil Steril. 102 (2), 566-580 (2014).</li><li>Yamashiro, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phenotypic+and+functional+change+of+cytokine-activated+neutrophils:+inflammatory+neutrophils+are+heterogeneous+and+enhance+adaptive+immune+responses.">Phenotypic and functional change of cytokine-activated neutrophils: inflammatory neutrophils are heterogeneous and enhance adaptive immune responses.</a> J Leukoc Biol. 69 (5), 698-704 (2001).</li><li>Apostolidis, S. A., Lieberman, L. A., Kis-Toth, K., Crispin, J. C., Tsokos, G. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+dysregulation+of+cytokine+networks+in+systemic+lupus+erythematosus.">The dysregulation of cytokine networks in systemic lupus erythematosus.</a> J Interferon Cytokine Res. 31 (10), 769-779 (2011).</li><li>Asselin-Paturel, C., Brizard, G., Pin, J. J., Briere, F., Trinchieri, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+strain+differences+in+plasmacytoid+dendritic+cell+frequency+and+function+revealed+by+a+novel+monoclonal+antibody.">Mouse strain differences in plasmacytoid dendritic cell frequency and function revealed by a novel monoclonal antibody.</a> J Immunol. 171 (12), 6466-6477 (2003).</li><li>Liao, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tacrolimus+Protects+Podocytes+from+Injury+in+Lupus+Nephritis+Partly+by+Stabilizing+the+Cytoskeleton+and+Inhibiting+Podocyte+Apoptosis.">Tacrolimus Protects Podocytes from Injury in Lupus Nephritis Partly by Stabilizing the Cytoskeleton and Inhibiting Podocyte Apoptosis.</a> PLoS One. 10 (7), e0132724 (2015).</li></ol>

The protocol described in this manuscript is for high purity enrichment of live pDC that retain the ability to produce IFN&#945;. The applications of this protocol include, but are not limited to, purification of pDC and/or any other mononuclear cells from the bone marrow of MRL/lpr and any other mouse strains for studies of cellular and molecular functions. Several critical steps in this protocol are to ensure high viability and purity of the sorted pDC. The first key step is the release of bone marrow from bones. To mi...

Efficient separation of a cell population of choice from other cells enables studies of the population that may not be possible otherwise. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a method to enrich an interesting cell population with high purity. 1,2 Different cell types usually express unique molecules, or a unique combination of several molecules, on the plasma membrane that can distinguish one cell population from another. Upon binding of these cell surface molecules by specific fluorescence-conjugated antibodies, a detecting machine called flow cytometer/sorter is able to excite and detect the light signals of different fluorescent dyes that represent different molecule markers on the cells at the single cell level. The combined information consisting of either the presence of a light signal (representing positive expression of the corresponding surface molecule) or the absence of a light signal (representing negative expression of a molecule) defines the phenotype of the cell. After passing through the detector, cells with the same phenotype of interest are diverted towards a designated collecting tube based on electrical charge.
FACS is broadly applied in various studies as long as the population to be enriched is labeled with fluorescence.3-7 It has been used to separate immunoglobulin (Ig)A-coated bacteria from non-IgA coated bacteria in the gut microbiota 8 and sort genetically engineered cell populations expressing fluorescent proteins. 9 Importantly, it has the capacity to separate more than one population simultaneously, which not only saves time and reagents but also allows for more sophisticated study designs. 10 However, FACS also has its limitations. If a population of interest is very rare (less than 1%), the sorting efficiency may be reduced, causing significant cell loss. In addition, some antibody binding may activate intracellular signal transduction that induces functional changes of the sorted cell population. 11 Therefore, the phenotype used for sorting should be selected carefully. 
Other methods exist besides FACS that are also based on cell surface markers for the enrichment of specific cell populations, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS). 12 Similar to FACS, magnetic beads-conjugated antibodies can target specific cell surface molecules. Upon antibody-antigen interaction, magnetic beads-coated cells can be separated from non-coated cells after passing through a magnetic field. However, only a limited number of molecules can be targeted in MCS, as magnetic beads are, unlike various fluorescent colors in FACS, undistinguishable. It is thus difficult for MCS to define a cell phenotype with a complicated combination of surface markers. 13,14 In addition, MCS is also able to cause unintended activation of target cells.
In our studies of a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 15 we intended to purify plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) to investigate their functional changes with disease progression. We first used MCS to enrich pDC from the bone marrow by targeting PDCA-1, a molecule highly and uniquely expressed on murine pDC at steady state. 16 However, the cell purity was unexpectedly low, likely due to the upregulation of PDCA-1 on other cell populations in an inflammatory environment such as SLE.16 Ultimately, we have used FACS with a combination of four surface markers (CD11c, CD11b, B220 and PDCA-1) to separate high-purity pDC as CD11c+CD11b-B220+PDCA-1+ population. Murine pDC has another specific surface marker Siglec-H. We decided not to use Siglec-H, as antibody binding of this molecule represses the function of pDC to produce IFN&#945;. 11

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="770">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:316px;">RPMI 1640</td>
			<td style="width:168px;">gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11875-093</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>HyClone</td>
			<td>SH30396.03</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium pyruvate</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>11360-070</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MEM non-essential amino acids</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>11140-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>15630-080</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">2-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>21985-023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">L-glutamine&#160;</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>25030-164</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Penicillin-Streptomycin</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>15140-122</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1x Hank&#8217;s Balanced Salt Solution&#160;</td>
			<td>gibco by life technologies</td>
			<td>14175-079</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACS BSA Stock Solution</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-091-376</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MgCl2</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>M8266</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DNase I</td>
			<td>SIGMA</td>
			<td>D4527</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Red blood cell (RBC) lysis buffer&#160;</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>00-4300-54</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Density gradient medium</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare</td>
			<td>17-1440-02</td>
			<td>Ficoll-Paque Plus&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse CD19-PE</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>553786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse CD11c-PE</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0114-82</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse CD11b-APC-CY7</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>557657</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse PDCA-1-FITC</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>11-3172-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">anti-mouse B220-V500&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Pharmingen</td>
			<td>561226</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>invitrogen</td>
			<td>D3571</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Isolation Kit II, mouse</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-092-786</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD FACSAria I flow cytometer&#160;</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>643178</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">BD FACS Diva version 6</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

fluorescence-activated cell sorting for purification of plasmacytoid dendritic cells from the mouse bone marrow

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method enables researchers to better understand the characteristics of a single cell population without the influence of other cells. Compared to other methods of cell enrichment, such as magnetic-activated cell sorting (MCS), FACS is more flexible and accurate for cell separation due to the ability of phenotype detection by flow cytometry. In addition, FACS is usually capable of separating multiple cell populations simultaneously, which improves the efficiency and diversity of experiments. Although FACS has some limitations, it has been broadly used to purify cells for functional studies in both in vitro and in vivo settings. Here we report a protocol using fluorescence-activated cell sorting to isolate a very rare population of immune cells, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC), with high purity from the bone marrow of lupus-prone mice for in vitro functional studies of pDC.

החוקרים בקשו להעשיר מח עצם PDC עם טוהר גבוה, וללא השפעת סוגי תאים אחרים, מן MRL / LPR נוטה זאבת עכברי שניהם בגיל צעיר ומבוגרים ללמוד את השינויים התפקודיים של PDC באשר ליכולתם לייצר IFNα. אסטרטגית הטיהור הראשונה השתמשה הייתה MCS, אשר, כפי שמראה איור 1, ה?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow at JoVE.com

Fluorescence-activated Cell Sorting for Purification of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from the Mouse Bone Marrow

אנו מדווחים פרוטוקול באמצעות תא קרינת מיון מופעל לבודד תאי דנדריטים plasmacytoid (PDC) עם טוהר גבוה ממח העצם של עכברי זאבת נוטה ללימודי תפקודיים של PDC.

מיון תא מופעל קרינה עבור טיהור של תאי דנדריטים Plasmacytoid ממח עצם העכבר

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) is a technique to purify specific cell populations based on phenotypes detected by flow cytometry. This method ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Purification of Specific Cell Population by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)

Purification of Specific Cell Population by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting FACS

טיהור אוכלוסייה תאים ספציפיים על ידי מיון פלואורסצנטי תא פעיל (FACS)

Experimental and clinical studies often require highly purified cell populations.  FACS is a technique of choice to purify cell populations of known ...

Generation and Labeling of Murine Bone Marrow-derived Dendritic Cells with Qdot Nanocrystals for Tracking Studies

הדור וסימון של Murine מח עצם הנגזרות תאים דנדריטים עם nanocrystals Qdot ללימודי מעקב

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) found in peripheral tissues and in immunological organs such as thymus, bone ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

בידוד ואיפיון של תאים דנדריטים ומקרופגים מהמעי עכבר

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Differentiating Functional Roles of Gene Expression from Immune and Non-immune Cells in Mouse Colitis by Bone Marrow Transplantation

הבחנת תפקידים פונקציונליים של ביטוי גנים מתאים חיסוניים וללא חיסון בקוליטיס המאוס על ידי השתלת מח עצם

To understand the role of a gene in the development of colitis, we compared the responses of wild-type mice and gene-of-interest deficient knockout mice ...

Isolation, Purification and Labeling of Mouse Bone Marrow Neutrophils for Functional Studies and Adoptive Transfer Experiments

בידוד, טיהור וסימון של נויטרופילים מח עצם עכבר ללימודים פונקציונליים וניסויי העברת מאמצת

Neutrophils are critical effector cells of the innate immune system. They are rapidly recruited at sites of acute inflammation and exert protective or ...

Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors

הערכת התפתחותם של תאי Murine Plasmacytoid דנדריטים בתיקונים של Peyer באמצעות העברת מאמצת של אבות Hematopoietic

This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal ...

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

In Vitro Generation of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells from Common Lymphoid Progenitors using the AC-6 Feeder System

במבחנה הדור של תאי דנדריטים Murine Plasmacytoid מנפוצים הלימפה אבות באמצעות מערכת מזין AC-6

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are powerful type I interferon (IFN-I) producing cells that are activated in response to infection or during ...

Generation and Identification of GM-CSF Derived Alveolar-like Macrophages and Dendritic Cells From Mouse Bone Marrow

דור וזיהוי GM-CSF נגזר מכתשיים דמוי מאקרופאגים דנדריטים תאי עכבר מח עצם

Macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) are innate immune cells found in tissues and lymphoid organs that play a key role in the defense against pathogens. ...

Generation of Large Numbers of Myeloid Progenitors and Dendritic Cell Precursors from Murine Bone Marrow Using a Novel Cell Sorting Strategy

דור מספר גדול של תאים מיאלואידים אבות ו מבשרי תא דנדריטי ממח העצם מאתר באמצעות תא הרומן מיון אסטרטגיה

Cultures of monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDC) generated from mouse bone marrow using Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) have ...