Name: blue-hazard-free candlelight oled
Uploaded: 2017-03-19T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED at JoVE.com

The authors would like to acknowledge the support in part from the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, via Grants MEA 104-EC-17-A-07-S3-012, MOST 104-2119-M-007-012, and MOST 103-2923-E-007-003-MY3.

BEMÆRK: Alle anvendte materialer er ikke-kræftfremkaldende, ikke-brændbar og ugiftig. 1. Fremstilling af Blue-fare-fri Candlelight OLED <ol><li> tør proces <ol><li> Tag et objektglas som et substrat, der skal belægges med en 125 nm indiumtinoxid (ITO) anodelag. Vask af substratet med 200 ml (50 ml flydende vaskemiddel og 150 ml deioniseret vand) af sæbeopløsning. Skyl substratet med deioniseret vand. Tør substratet med en nitrogen spredt stråle. </li><li> Sæt underlaget på et objekt...

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<html> De mest kritiske trin i fremstillingen af ​​OLED-enheder er: 1) rengøring af glas substrat, 2) Valg af passende opløsningsmiddel, 3) opløsning af det organiske materialer, 4) ensartet danner filmen via spin-coating i den våde proces, og fem ) styring af udfældningshastigheden og tykkelsen af ​​det organiske lag under termisk fordampning. I første omgang rengøring af ITO anode substrat er et afgørende skridt for at opnå høj effektivitet. Glassubstratet renses med sæbe løsning til at fjerne fedte...

I dag er belysning kilder som LED og CFL rigeligt brugt til indendørs og udendørs belysning, dels for energibesparende årsager. Men disse lys er rige på blå emission, der viser en højere tendens til at forårsage blå-farer. LED og CFL udsende et spektrum beriget med blåt lys, hvilket fører til irreversible skader på retinale celler 1, 2, 3, 4. Blåt lys eller intenst hvidt lys med høj CCT undertrykker udskillelsen af melatonin, en onkostatiske hormon, som kan forstyrre døgnrytmen 5, 6 og sove adfærd 7, 8. Melatonin, en essentiel hormon til døgnrytmen, syntetiseres i koglekirtlen 9. Et højt melatonin observeret under den mørke periode i løbet af 24-timers lys-mørke-cycle 10. Men intensiv lys om natten undertrykker sin syntese og forstyrrer døgnrytmen 11. Melatonin undertrykkelse på grund af overeksponering for klare lys natten kan være en risikofaktor for brystkræft hos kvinder 12, 13, 14. Ud over disse farer, blåt lys afbryder aktiviteter natlige padder og kan true med at økologiske beskyttelse. Det er også blevet rapporteret, at LED-belysning i museer er misfarve de faktiske farver af oliemalerier malet af Van Gogh og Cézanne 15, 16. Således kan en candle-lignende organisk LED blå-emission fri og lav FTT (OLED) være en god erstatning for LED og CFL. Stearinlys udsender en blå-fare-fri og lav FTT (1914 K) belysning, samt en høj kvalitet (høj farvegengivelse indeks, CRI) emission spektrum. HoWever, de fleste af de el-drevne lygter udsender intens blå lys med en forholdsvis høj FTT. For eksempel er den laveste FTT er omkring 2.300 K for glødepærer, mens den er 3000 eller 5000 K til varme eller kolde hvide lysstofrør og LED-armaturer. Hidtil har lave FTT OLED næsten fri af det blå emission blevet fremstillet til menneske-venlige belysning. I 2012 Jou gruppe rapporterede en fysiologisk venlig, tør-behandlet, enkelt Emissive lag OLED med en FTT på 1773 K og en virkningsgrad på 11,9 lm / W 17. Enheden udviste en meget lavere FTT i forhold til glødepære (2300 K), mens dens magt effektivitet ikke var acceptabelt fra en energibesparende synspunkt. De rapporterede en anden tør-forarbejdede candlelight-stil OLED ved hjælp af dobbelte emissionsforårsagende lag sammen med en carrier modulation lag 18. Det udstillede en lav FTT af 1970 K og en virkningsgrad på 24 lm / W. Senere, en tør-forarbejdede OLED består of tre emitterende lag sammen med en bærer modulation lag blev rapporteret 19. Dens strømeffektivitet var 21-3 lm / W og varieret med FTT, som lå fra 2500 K til 1900 K. I 2014 Hu et al. rapporterede en tør-forarbejdet hybrid OLED med dobbelt emissionsforårsagende lag adskilt af et mellemlag, som viste en høj virkningsgrad på 54,6 lm / W og en lav FTT af 1910 K 20. For nylig har Jou gruppe fremstillet en højeffektiv candlelight-stil OLED ved anvendelse dobbelte emitterende lag 21. Det udstillede en høj effekt effektivitet 85,4 lm / W med en FTT på 2279 K. Indtil nu er der blevet gjort alle bestræbelser på at udvikle høj effektivitet, lav FTT candlelight-stil OLED-enheder ved at udnytte tørre processer og komplicerede enhed arkitekturer 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22. Udarbejdelse en candlelight OLED med våd-proces gennemførlighed samtidig har en lav FTT, en høj virkningsgrad, og en høj lyskvalitet er en udfordring. Ingen undersøgelse er blevet udviklet til at beskrive emissionsspektret følsomheden af ​​en given lyskilde i forhold til det blå lys. Kvaliteten af ​​lys om natten kan besluttes / forbedret for at minimere undertrykkelse af melatonin-sekretion. Der er nogle rapporteret modeller, der beregner mængden af ​​undertrykkelse. For det første Brainard et al. 23 og Thapan et al. 24 rapporterede den spektrale følsomhed ved hjælp monokromatisk lys. Senere blev effekten af polykromatisk lys på melatonin undertrykkelse beskrevet 25, 26. Sidstnævnte er vedtaget i denne undersøgelse, da de fleste af de kommercielt tilgængelige armaturer eller nye lyskilder er polykromatisk og spanover hele det synlige område (dvs. fra dyb rød til violet). I dette arbejde præsenterer vi omfattende protokoller til fremstilling af blå-fare-fri candlelight OLED via tørre og våde processer. I begge processer, er enheden arkitektur forenklet ved at ansætte en enkelt emitterende lag uden carrier modulation lag. Den elektroluminiscens (EL) spektrum af fremstillede OLED analyseres for grænsen den retinale eksponering og for niveauet af melatonin sekretion undertrykkelse. En grænse på udsendte lys på nethinden maksimal eksponering beregnes ved hjælp af teoretiske aspekt, blev rapporteret af Den Internationale Elektrotekniske Kommission (IEC) 62471 standard 27, 28. Grænsen maksimal eksponering &quot;t&quot; er beregnet ved hjælp af emission spektrum af hver OLED på lysstyrken på 100 og 500 lux, tilstrækkelig til hjemmet og belysning kontor, hhv. Alle relaterede beregning steps er sekventielt givet i protokollen sektion. Endvidere er effekten af belysning på melatonin undertrykkelse følsomhed beregnes ved at følge ligninger af handling spektrum af melatonin undertrykkelse 29. Beregningen sker ved at følge trinene i protokollen sektion. De beregnede værdier for grænsen maksimal eksponering &quot;t&quot;, og melatonin undertrykkelse sensitivitet (%) i forhold til FTT er givet i tabel 3.

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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">ITO glass</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Lumtech</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR" style="width:128px;">84% transparency</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-&#160; poly(styrenesulfonate)&#160; (PEDOT/PSS)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">UniRegion Bio-Tech</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Stored at 4&#176;C, HOMO (eV)= -4.9, LUMO (eV)= -3.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">&#160;4,4,4-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine (TCTA)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">E-Ray Optoelectronics Technology co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.7, LUMO (eV)= -2.3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">&#160;tris(2-phenyl-pyridine) (Ir(ppy)3)&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">E-Ray Optoelectronics Technology co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.6, LUMO (eV)= -3.9</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">&#160;1,3,5-tris(N-phenylbenzimidazol-2-yl)benzene&#160; (TPBi)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Luminescence Technology corp.</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -6.2, LUMO (eV)= -2.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:563px;">iridium(III)bis(4-phenylthieno[3,2-c]pyridinato-N,C 2&#8217;)acetylacetonate (PO-01)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Luminescence Technology corp.</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.1, LUMO (eV)= -2.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">&#160;tris(2-phenylquinoline)iridium(III) (Ir(2-phq)3)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">E-Ray Optoelectronics</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">Non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.1, LUMO (eV)= -2.8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">LiF</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Echo chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">99.98%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Aluminium ingot (Al)</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Guv team International pvt. ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">100.00%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Acetone</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Echo chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">99.90%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">2-Propanol</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">Echo chemicals</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">99.90%</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:563px;">Hole-injection material, WHI-001</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -9.8, LUMO (eV)= -5.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Hole-transport material, WHI-215</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.4, LUMO (eV)= -2.5</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">&#160;host material, WPH-401</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.8, LUMO (eV)= -2.7</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Electron-injection material, WIT-651</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.8, LUMO (eV)= -3.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Electron-transpot material, WET-603</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.9, LUMO (eV)= -2.6</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Green dye, WPGD-832</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">WAN HSIANG precision machinery co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non-toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.8, LUMO (eV)= -3.1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:563px;">Deep-red dye, PER 53</td>
			<td style="width:311px;">E-Ray Optoelectronics Technology co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:80px;"></td>
			<td dir="LTR">non toxic, HOMO (eV)= -5.1, LUMO (eV)= -2.4</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

blue-hazard-free candlelight oled

A candlelight-style organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a human-friendly type of lighting because it is blue-hazard-free and has a low correlated color temperature (CCT) illumination. The low CCT lighting is deprived of high-energy blue radiation, and it can be used for a longer duration before causing retinal damage. This work presents the comprehensive protocols for the fabrication of blue-hazard-free candlelight OLEDs. The emission spectrum of the OLED was characterized by the maximum exposure time limit of the retina and the melatonin suppression sensitivity. The devices can be fabricated using dry and wet processes. The dry-processed OLED resulted in a CCT of 1,940 K and exhibited a maximum retinal exposure limit of 1,287 s at a brightness of 500 lx. It showed 2.61% melatonin suppression sensitivity relative to 480 nm blue light. The wet-processed OLED, where the spin coating is used to deposit hole injection, hole transport, and emissive layers, making fabrication fast and economical, produced a CCT of 1,922 K and showed a maximum retinal exposure limit of 7,092 at a brightness of 500 lx. The achieved relative melatonin suppression sensitivity of 1.05% is 86% and 96% less than that of the light emitting diode (LED) and compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), respectively. Wet-processed blue-hazard-free candlelight OLED exhibited a power efficiency of 30 lm/W, which is 2 times that of the incandescent bulb and 300 times that of the candle.

<html> De nuværende spænding-luminans karakteristika for de resulterende candlelight OLED måles ved hjælp af et elektrometer sammen med en 100 A luminans meter. De emissionsniveauer områder er 9 mm 2 for alle de resulterende tørre-forarbejdede enheder og er 25 mm 2 til våde-forarbejdede enheder. Her anvendte vi et 125 nm ITO-overtrukket glassubstrat med en flademodstand på 15 Ω / sq som anode. Det har en transparens større end 84% (tabel 4).</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED at JoVE.com

Blue-hazard-free Candlelight OLED

Vi præsenterer en protokol til fremstilling af en blå-fare-fri candlelight organisk lysdiode (OLED) for øjenbeskyttelse og melatonin-sekretion.

Blue-fare-fri Candlelight OLED

A candlelight-style organic light emitting diode (OLED) is a human-friendly type of lighting because it is blue-hazard-free and has a low correlated color ...