Name: preparation and in vivo use of an activity-based probe for n-acylethanolamine acid amidase
Uploaded: 2016-11-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase at JoVE.com

The authors thank the Nikon Imaging Center at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy (NIC@IIT).

Let op: Alle chemische reacties moeten in een geventileerde zuurkast en met het gebruik van een lab jas, handschoenen en een veiligheidsbril worden uitgevoerd. De reacties moeten ook in een stikstofatmosfeer uitgevoerd. Ethische verklaring: Onze procedures waarbij dieren worden uitgevoerd in overeenstemming met de Italiaanse regelgeving inzake de bescherming van dieren die voor experimentele en andere wetenschappelijke doeleinden worden gebruikt (DM 116.192), en de Europese Economische Gemeenschap voorschriften (PB van de EG L 358/1...

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Enzymactiviteit fijn gereguleerd op verschillende niveaus, zoals RNA transcriptie, eiwitsynthese, eiwittranslocatie, post-translationele modificatie en eiwit-eiwit interactie. Vaak enzymexpressie alleen houdt geen rekening met de activiteiten. ABPP werd ontwikkeld om de activiteit van eiwitten te bestuderen in hun natieve toestand. Twee functies nodig: een chemische probe die covalent bindt aan de actieve plaats van een enzym van belang en een reporter tag aan de probe gelabeld enzym detecteren. <p class="jove_conte...

Veel gebruikte methodes om de expressiepatronen interacties en functies van eiwitten, waaronder vloeistofchromatografie-massaspectrometrie platforms voor jachtgeweer analyse 1,2, gist two-hybrid onderzoeken methoden 3,4 en in vitro assays, zijn beperkt doordat ze in staat om de activiteit van eiwitten bepalen in hun natieve toestand. Activity-based eiwit profiling (ABPP) kan worden gebruikt om deze leemte op te vullen. In deze benadering, kleine-molecule probes covalent binden aan de actieve plaats van een enzym van belang geconjugeerd aan een reporter groep die zorgt voor doeldetectie. Met behulp van click chemie (CC), kan de verslaggever worden geïntegreerd in de probe of kan worden ingevoerd na doelwit betrokkenheid heeft plaatsgevonden 5,6. De laatste procedure vereist het gebruik van probes die geschikte chemische groepen, zoals een terminale alkyn of azide, die met een aantal reporter reagens kan worden gewijzigd via bio-orthogonale reacties such als Cu (I) -gekatalyseerde Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloadditie 7-9 of Staudinger ligation 10,11. Onlangs beschreven wij de verbinding ARN14686 als eerste ABP voor de in vitro en in vivo detectie van de cysteïne hydrolase, NAAA 12. NAAA katalyseert de hydrolytische inactivering van verzadigde en enkelvoudig onverzadigde FAES, waaronder oleoylethanolamide (OEA) en palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), die endogene agonisten van de anti-inflammatoire nucleaire receptor PPAR-alpha 13-15 zijn. NAAA wordt voornamelijk tot expressie gebracht in macrofagen en andere van monocyt afgeleide cellen, en in B-lymfocyten 14,16, suggereert een rol in de regulatie van de aangeboren immuunrespons. Het enzym wordt gesynthetiseerd in het ruw ER in een inactieve vorm en zure compartimenten van de cel wordt geactiveerd door een autoproteolytische mechanisme 17. De autoprotolytische splitsing genereert een nieuw N-terminale cysteïne (C131 bij muizen en ratten, C126 bij de mens), die het nucleofiel belast FAE hydrolyse 18,19. Farmacologische remming van NAAA activiteit verandert de FAE synthese / afbraak balans in het voordeel van verhoogde cellulaire niveaus van Faes 16,20,21. Verschillende β-lacton en β-lactam derivaten aangetoond dat NAAA activiteit te remmen met hoge potentie en selectiviteit 16,22-26. Deze remmers werken via S-acylering van het katalytische cysteïne 16,27,28. De verbinding ARN14686 werd ontworpen op basis van de chemische structuur van de systemisch actieve serine-afgeleide β-lactam NAAA inhibitor, ARN726 (4-cyclohexylbutyl- N - [(S) -2-oxoazetidin-3-yl] carbamaat) 16. De 4-butyl- cyclohexyl groep ARN726 werd vervangen door een C9 verzadigde alifatische keten die van een terminal alkyn tag CC daaropvolgende conjugatie met een azide-dragende reporter tag. Wij kozen voor een tweestaps ABP ontwerpen om minimally veranderen de structuur van de oorspronkelijke steiger, waardoor het behoud van de affiniteit van de sonde voor NAAA. Bovendien vermijden van de introductie van omvangrijke markeringen dergelijke sonde kan meer geschikt zijn voor in vivo behandeling van een directe ABP zijn. ARN14686 remt NAAA met hoge potentie (hNAAA IC 50 = 6 nM, rNAAA IC50 = 13 nM) door vorming van een covalente adduct met de katalytische cysteïne van het enzym 12. Experimenten in levende ratten toonde aan dat de sonde selectief vastleggen NAAA uitgedrukt in longen. Zuur ceramidase, een cysteïne amidase dat 33-34% identiteit deelt met NAAA, werd ook geïdentificeerd als een lage-affiniteit doelwit Als hoge probe concentraties (10 uM in vitro, 10 mg / ml intraveneus, iv) 12. We hebben ook ARN14686 de aanwezigheid van actieve NAAA in ontstoken weefsels ratten na toediening van adjuvans (CFA) 29 volledig Freund bestuderen. Hier schetsen we een protocol voor de preparatiop van ARN14686 (figuur 1) en de toepassing ervan op het onderzoek naar NAAA activering ex vivo. Als voorbeeld beschrijven we een experimentele procedure NAAA visualiseren rat poten na CFA toediening. In dit experiment worden eiwitten geëxtraheerd uit weefsel poot na intraveneuze injectie van de sonde en het ABP-gemerkte proteoom wordt onderworpen aan CC biotine-azide. Gebiotinyleerde monsters worden verrijkt via streptavidine parels en eiwitblots worden uitgevoerd. In een andere toepassing, beschrijven we de lokalisatie van actieve NAAA van fluorescentiemicroscopie in muizenlongen van probe-behandelde muizen. In dit geval wordt het weefsel doorgesneden en secties worden onderworpen aan CC rhodamine toevoeging. Een werkstroom schema is weergegeven in figuur 2.

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	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">1,1&#8217;-sulfonyldiimidazole&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">367818</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">2-dipyridylcarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">11331</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">2-Methylbutan</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M32631</td>
			<td>Flamable, toxic,hazardous to the aquatic environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">107700</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">695092</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Acetonitrile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34998</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Activated charcoal</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">161551</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ammonium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A9434</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Azide-PEG3-Biotin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Jena Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">CLK-AZ104P4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Azide-PEG3-Fluor 545</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Jena Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">CLK-AZ109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">BCA protein assay kit</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">23227</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bio-spin columns</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Biorad</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">732-6204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Biotin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">B4501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Blocking buffer</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Li-Cor Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">927-40000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">b-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M6250</td>
			<td>Higly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bovin serum albumine (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A7030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bromophenol blue</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">B0126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bruker Avance III 400</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Celite</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">419931</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ceric ammonium nitrate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">22249</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Oxidizing, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Chloral hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">C8383</td>
			<td>Higly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">CuSO4.5H2O&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">209198</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Cyclohexadiene</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">125415</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Cyclohexane</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34855</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard, Environmental hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34856</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Diethyl ether</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">296082</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">348441000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide d6 (DMSO-d6)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">175943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">2860</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34858</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">G5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Irdye 680-LT Streptavidin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Li-Cor Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">925-68031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">IRDye680-LT Streptavidin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Licor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">925-68031</td>
			<td>Briefly centrifuge before use to precipitate protein complexes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34966</td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34860</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Toxic, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N&#8242;-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">E7750</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N,N-diisopropylethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">D125806</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">227056</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N-Cbz-L-Serine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M03053</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Nikon A1 confocal microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Read&#160; the user manual</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris gel</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NP0335BOX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Palladium on carbon</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">330108</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">p-anisidine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A88255</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Toxic, Health hazard, Environmental hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">441244</td>
			<td>Toxic, respiratory harmful, corrosive, falmable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly(ethylene glycol)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P3265</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">ProLong Gold antifade mountant with DAPI&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P36931</td>
			<td>Avoid bubbles formation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P8340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">S6014</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">L3771</td>
			<td>Toxic, corrosive, falmmable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium hydride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">452912</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">239313</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Starion FLA-9000 immage scanner</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">FUJIFILM</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Read&#160; the user manual</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Streptavidin agarose</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>20349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">S7903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tert-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">360538</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">186562</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Thiourea</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">424542500</td>
			<td>Toxic, warm at 50 &#176;C to dissolve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">RDD008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">C4706</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine (TBTA)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">678937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Triton-x100</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">X100</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P9416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tween-80</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P1754</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ultra turrax IKA T18 basic tissue homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Undec-10-yn-1-ol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">13739</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Urea</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">U5378</td>
			<td>Toxic, warm at 50 &#176;C to dissolve</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and in vivo use of an activity-based probe for n-acylethanolamine acid amidase

Activiteitsgestuurde eiwitprofilering (ABPP) is een methode voor de identificatie van een enzym van belang in een complex proteoom door het gebruik van een probe die chemisch actieve plaatsen van het enzym gericht. Een reporter tag ingebracht in de probe maakt de detectie van de gemerkte enzym in de gel fluorescentie scanning, eiwitblot, fluorescentiemicroscopie of vloeistofchromatografie-massaspectrometrie. Hier beschrijven we de bereiding en het gebruik van de verbinding ARN14686, een click chemie activiteit-gebaseerde probe (CC-ABP) die selectief herkent het enzym N -acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA). NAAA is een cysteïne hydrolase die de ontsteking bevordert door het uitschakelen van endogene peroxisoom proliferator-geactiveerde receptor (PPAR) -alfa agonisten zoals palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) en oleoylethanolamide (OEA). NAAA wordt gesynthetiseerd als een inactieve pro-enzym met volledige lengte, die wordt geactiveerd door autoproteolyse in de zure pH van het lysosoom. Lokalisatiestudies have aangetoond dat NAAA voornamelijk tot expressie wordt gebracht in macrofagen en andere van monocyt afgeleide cellen, en in B-lymfocyten. Wij geven voorbeelden van hoe ARN14686 kan worden gebruikt voor het detecteren en kwantificeren actieve NAAA ex vivo knaagdieren weefsel met eiwitblot en fluorescentie microscopie.

ARN14686 is gemaakt op basis van de steiger van de NAAA inhibitor ARN726. De 4-butyl- cyclohexyl groep ARN726 werd gesubstitueerd met een C9 verzadigde alifatische keten die van een tag terminale alkyn (figuur 1). Het alkyn tag werd ingevoerd om het gebruik van een labelingsprocedure twee stappen laten een fluorofoor of biotine molecuul via CC voegen. Deze functie maakt ARN14686 een zeer veelzijdig instrument om NAAA onderzoeken in vitro en in vivo. </p...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase at JoVE.com

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Hier beschrijven we de bereiding en toepassing van een op activiteit gebaseerde probe (ARN14686, undec-10-ynyl- N - [(3S) -2-oxoazetidin-3-yl] carbamaat) waarmee voor de detectie en kwantificering van de actieve vorm van het enzym N proinflammatoire -acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), zowel in vitro en ex vivo.

voorbereiding en<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Gebruik van een Activity-based Probe voor<em&gt; N</em&gt; -acylethanolamine Acid amidase

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a method for the identification of an enzyme of interest in a complex proteome through the use of a chemical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

Een efficiënte methode voor het isoleren van zeer gezuiverde RNA uit zaden voor gebruik in Quantitative Analysis Transcriptome

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as ...

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Bereiding van Giant blaasjes inkapselen Microbolletjes door centrifugeren van een water-in-olie emulsie

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Noncoding RNAs play important roles in several nuclear processes, including regulating gene expression, chromatin structure, and DNA repair. In most ...

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Voorbereiding van keratine hydrolysaat van kippenveren en haar toepassing in cosmetica

Keratin hydrolysates (KHs) are established standard components in hair cosmetics. Understanding the moisturizing effects of KH is advantageous for ...

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Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than premenopausal women. Female mice ovariectomized (OVX) at weaning ...

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

Gebruik van Alu Element met minigenen om circulaire RNA's te analyseren

In addition to linear mRNAs, many eukaryotic genes generate circular RNAs. Most circular RNAs are generated by joining a 5&#39; splice site with an ...

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Monster voorbereiding voor Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry because it provides very accurate information about molecules, such as mass-to-charge ...

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product

Bereiding van kwalitatief hoogwaardig gefermenteerd visproduct

This protocol provides a method for preparation of industrialized fermented fish product with sturgeon (Aquilaria sinensis) meat product. The procedures ...

Use of Microscale Thermophoresis to Measure Protein-Lipid Interactions

Gebruik van thermoforese op microschaal om eiwit-lipide-interacties te meten

The ability to determine the binding affinity of lipids to proteins is an essential part of understanding protein-lipid interactions in membrane ...

Plant Sample Preparation for Nucleoside/Nucleotide Content Measurement with An HPLC-MS/MS

Plantmonstervoorbereiding voor nucleoside/nucleotide-inhoudsmeting met een HPLC-MS/MS

Nucleosides/nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids, parts of cosubstrates and coenzymes, cell signaling molecules, and energy carriers, which ...