Name: preparation and in vivo use of an activity-based probe for n-acylethanolamine acid amidase
Uploaded: 2016-11-23T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase at JoVE.com

The authors thank the Nikon Imaging Center at Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy (NIC@IIT).

Attenzione: Tutte le reazioni di chimica devono essere eseguite in una cappa ventilata e con l&#39;uso di un camice, guanti e occhiali protettivi. Le reazioni dovrebbero essere effettuate anche in un ambiente di azoto. Dichiarazione etica: Le nostre procedure che coinvolgono gli animali vengono eseguite in conformità con la normativa italiana in materia di protezione degli animali utilizzati a fini sperimentali o ad altri scientifici (DM 116192), e dei regolamenti della Comunità economica europea (GU L 358/1 del CE 1986/12/18 ). <...

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Y., Tsuboi, K., Okamoto, Y., Nagahata, S., Ueda, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteolytic+activation+and+glycosylation+of+N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing+acid+amidase,+a+lysosomal+enzyme+involved+in+the+endocannabinoid+metabolism.">Proteolytic activation and glycosylation of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase, a lysosomal enzyme involved in the endocannabinoid metabolism.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1771, 1397-1405 (2007).</li><li>Wang, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Amino+acid+residues+crucial+in+pH+regulation+and+proteolytic+activation+of+N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing+acid+amidase.">Amino acid residues crucial in pH regulation and proteolytic activation of N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1781, 710-717 (2008).</li><li>West, J. M., Zvonok, N., Whitten, K. M., Wood, J. T., Makriyannis, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mass+spectrometric+characterization+of+human+N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing+acid+amidase.">Mass spectrometric characterization of human N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase.</a> J Proteome Res. 11, 972-981 (2012).</li><li>Bandiera, T., Ponzano, S., Piomelli, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Advances+in+the+discovery+of+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+inhibitors.">Advances in the discovery of N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitors.</a> Pharmacol Res. 86, 11-17 (2014).</li><li>Sasso, O., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Antinociceptive+effects+of+the+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+inhibitor+ARN077+in+rodent+pain+models.">Antinociceptive effects of the N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitor ARN077 in rodent pain models.</a> Pain. 154, 350-360 (2013).</li><li>Duranti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)carbamic+acid+esters+as+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+inhibitors:+synthesis+and+structure-activity+and+structure-property+relationships.">N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)carbamic acid esters as N-acylethanolamine acid amidase inhibitors: synthesis and structure-activity and structure-property relationships.</a> J Med Chem. 55, 4824-4836 (2012).</li><li>Ponzano, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+structure-activity+relationship+(SAR)+of+2-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxetanylcarbamic+acid+esters,+a+class+of+potent+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+(NAAA)+inhibitors.">Synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of 2-methyl-4-oxo-3-oxetanylcarbamic acid esters, a class of potent N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors.</a> J Med Chem. 56, 6917-6934 (2013).</li><li>Solorzano, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+structure-activity+relationships+of+N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)amides+as+N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing+acid+amidase+inhibitors.">Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)amides as N-acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibitors.</a> J Med Chem. 53, 5770-5781 (2010).</li><li>Vitale, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis,+structure-activity,+and+structure-stability+relationships+of+2-substituted-N-(4-oxo-3-oxetanyl)+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+(NAAA)+inhibitors.">Synthesis, structure-activity, and structure-stability relationships of 2-substituted-N-(4-oxo-3-oxetanyl) N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors.</a> ChemMedChem 9. 9, 323-336 (2014).</li><li>Fiasella, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=3-Aminoazetidin-2-one+derivatives+as+N-acylethanolamine+acid+amidase+(NAAA)+inhibitors+suitable+for+systemic+administration.">3-Aminoazetidin-2-one derivatives as N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors suitable for systemic administration.</a> ChemMedChem 9. 9, 1602-1614 (2014).</li><li>Armirotti, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=beta-Lactones+Inhibit+N-acylethanolamine+Acid+Amidase+by+S-Acylation+of+the+Catalytic+N-Terminal+Cysteine.">beta-Lactones Inhibit N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase by S-Acylation of the Catalytic N-Terminal Cysteine.</a> ACS Med Chem Lett. 3, 422-426 (2012).</li><li>Nuzzi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Potent+alpha-amino-beta-lactam+carbamic+acid+ester+as+NAAA+inhibitors.+Synthesis+and+structure-activity+relationship+(SAR)+studies.">Potent alpha-amino-beta-lactam carbamic acid ester as NAAA inhibitors. 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L&#39;attività enzimatica è finemente regolata a diversi livelli, tra cui l&#39;RNA di trascrizione, la sintesi proteica, traslocazione di proteine, modificazione post-traslazionale, e l&#39;interazione proteina-proteina. Spesso, l&#39;espressione dell&#39;enzima da solo non tiene conto per la sua attività. ABPP stato sviluppato per studiare l&#39;attività delle proteine ​​nel loro stato nativo. Sono necessarie due funzioni: una sonda chimica che si lega covalentemente al sito attivo di un enzima di interesse e ...

Comunemente utilizzati metodi per indagare i pattern di espressione, le interazioni e le funzioni delle proteine, comprese le piattaforme di spettrometria di cromatografia-massa liquida per l&#39;analisi fucile 1,2, lievito metodi doppio ibrido 3,4, e in vitro, sono limitati nel senso che sono in grado di valutare l&#39;attività delle proteine ​​nel loro stato nativo. Attività a base di proteine ​​profiling (ABPP) può essere utilizzato per colmare questa lacuna. In questo approccio, piccola molecola sonde in grado di legare covalentemente al sito attivo di un enzima di interesse vengono coniugati ad un gruppo giornalista che consente il rilevamento di destinazione. Utilizzando click chemistry (CC), il giornalista può essere integrato nella sonda o può essere introdotto dopo l&#39;impegno di destinazione si è verificato 5,6. Quest&#39;ultimo metodo richiede l&#39;impiego di sonde contenenti opportuni gruppi chimici, ad esempio un alchino terminale o azide, che può essere modificato con una serie di reagenti giornalista tramite reazioni bio-ortogonali such come Cu (I) -catalyzed Huisgen [3 + 2] cicloaddizione 7-9 o Staudinger legatura 10,11. Recentemente, abbiamo divulgato la ARN14686 composti come il primo SOA per la in vitro e in vivo di rilevamento della idrolasi cisteina, NAAA 12. NAAA catalizza la disattivazione idrolitica di FAE saturi e monoinsaturi, tra cui oleoylethanolamide (OEA) e palmitoiletanolamide (PEA), che sono agonisti endogeni del movimento anti-infiammatorio dei recettori nucleari PPAR-alfa 13-15. NAAA è prevalentemente espressa in macrofagi e altre cellule derivate da monociti, nonché in linfociti B 14,16, suggerendo un ruolo nella regolazione della risposta immunitaria innata. L&#39;enzima viene sintetizzato nel reticolo endoplasmatico rugoso in forma inattiva e viene attivata in compartimenti acidi della cellula da un meccanismo autoproteolytic 17. La scissione autoproteolytic genera un nuovo cisteina -Terminal N (C131 in topi e ratti, C126 nell&#39;uomo), che è il nucleofilo responsabile FAE Idrolisi 18,19. L&#39;inibizione farmacologica dell&#39;attività NAAA altera l&#39;equilibrio di sintesi / degradazione FAE a favore di un aumento dei livelli cellulari di FAE 16,20,21. Numerosi derivati β-lattone e β-lattamici hanno dimostrato di inibire l&#39;attività NAAA con elevata potenza e selettività 16,22-26. Questi inibitori agiscono attraverso S -acylation della cisteina catalitica 16,27,28. Il ARN14686 composto è stato progettato sulla base della struttura chimica del, inibitore β-lattamici NAAA serina-derivato sistemicamente attivo, ARN726 (4-cyclohexylbutyl- N - [(S) -2-oxoazetidin-3-il] carbammato) 16. Il gruppo 4-butil-cicloesil di ARN726 è stato sostituito con una catena alifatica C9 saturo recanti un tag alchino terminale per la successiva coniugazione CC con un tag giornalista azide-cuscinetto. Abbiamo scelto di progettare un ABP in due fasi per minimally alterano la struttura del ponteggio originale, mantenendo così l&#39;affinità della sonda per NAAA. Inoltre, evitando l&#39;introduzione di tag ingombranti, tale sonda potrebbe essere più adatto per il trattamento in vivo di un ABP diretta. ARN14686 inibisce NAAA con potenza elevata (hNAAA IC 50 = 6 nM, rNAAA IC 50 = 13 nM) formando un addotto covalente con la cisteina catalitica dell&#39;enzima 12. Gli esperimenti in topi vivi hanno mostrato che la sonda è selettiva nel catturare NAAA espresso nei polmoni. Acido ceramidasi, un&#39;altra amidasi cisteina che condivide 33-34% di identità con NAAA, è stato anche identificato come un obiettivo a bassa affinità utilizzando alte concentrazioni di sonda (10 micron in vitro, 10 mg / ml per via endovenosa, iv) 12. Abbiamo usato anche ARN14686 per studiare la presenza di NAAA attivo nei tessuti infiammati di ratto in seguito a somministrazione di adiuvante completo di Freund (CFA) 29. Qui, descriviamo un protocollo per i il preparatisu di ARN14686 (Figura 1) e la sua applicazione alla ricerca di NAAA attivazione ex vivo. A titolo di esempio, si descrive una procedura sperimentale di visualizzare NAAA in zampe di ratto dopo la somministrazione CFA. In questo esperimento, le proteine ​​sono estratte dal tessuto zampa dopo l&#39;iniezione iv della sonda, e proteoma ABP-marcato è sottoposto a cc con biotina-azide. campioni Biotinylated sono arricchiti con perline streptavidina, e vengono eseguite le macchie di proteine. In un&#39;altra applicazione, descriviamo la localizzazione di NAAA attiva al microscopio a fluorescenza nei polmoni del mouse da topi trattati con sonda. In questo caso, il tessuto viene sezionata e sezioni sono sottoposti a CC in aggiunta rodamina. Uno schema di flusso di lavoro è illustrato nella figura 2.

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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">1,1&#8217;-sulfonyldiimidazole&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">367818</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">2-dipyridylcarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">11331</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">2-Methylbutan</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M32631</td>
			<td>Flamable, toxic,hazardous to the aquatic environment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">4-(Dimethylamino)pyridine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">107700</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">695092</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Acetonitrile&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34998</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Activated charcoal</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">161551</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ammonium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A9434</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Azide-PEG3-Biotin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Jena Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">CLK-AZ104P4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Azide-PEG3-Fluor 545</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Jena Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">CLK-AZ109</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">BCA protein assay kit</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">23227</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bio-spin columns</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Biorad</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">732-6204</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Biotin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">B4501</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Blocking buffer</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Li-Cor Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">927-40000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">b-mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M6250</td>
			<td>Higly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bovin serum albumine (BSA)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A7030</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bromophenol blue</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">B0126</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Bruker Avance III 400</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Bruker</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Celite</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">419931</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ceric ammonium nitrate&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">22249</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Oxidizing, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Chloral hydrate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">C8383</td>
			<td>Higly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">CuSO4.5H2O&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">209198</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Cyclohexadiene</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">125415</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Cyclohexane</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34855</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard, Environmental hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dichloromethane</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34856</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Diethyl ether</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">296082</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">348441000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide d6 (DMSO-d6)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">175943</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">2860</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ethyl acetate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34858</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">G5516</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Irdye 680-LT Streptavidin</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Li-Cor Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">925-68031</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">IRDye680-LT Streptavidin&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Licor</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">925-68031</td>
			<td>Briefly centrifuge before use to precipitate protein complexes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34966</td>
			<td>Highly toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">34860</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Toxic, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:423px;">N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N&#8242;-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">E7750</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful, Corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N,N-diisopropylethylamine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">D125806</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Corrosive, Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N,N-dimethylformamide</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">227056</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">N-Cbz-L-Serine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">M03053</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Nikon A1 confocal microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Read&#160; the user manual</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">NuPAGE 4-12% Bis-Tris gel</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">NP0335BOX</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Palladium on carbon</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">330108</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">p-anisidine</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">A88255</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Toxic, Health hazard, Environmental hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">441244</td>
			<td>Toxic, respiratory harmful, corrosive, falmable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Poly(ethylene glycol)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P3265</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">ProLong Gold antifade mountant with DAPI&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P36931</td>
			<td>Avoid bubbles formation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P8340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">S6014</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">L3771</td>
			<td>Toxic, corrosive, falmmable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium hydride&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">452912</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sodium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">239313</td>
			<td style="width:471px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Starion FLA-9000 immage scanner</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">FUJIFILM</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td>Read&#160; the user manual</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Streptavidin agarose</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>20349</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">S7903</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tert-butanol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">360538</td>
			<td>Toxic, flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tetrahydrofuran</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">186562</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Flammable, Harmful, Health hazard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Thiourea</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">424542500</td>
			<td>Toxic, warm at 50 &#176;C to dissolve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">RDD008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">C4706</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris[(1-benzyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl]amine (TBTA)</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">678937</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Triton-x100</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">X100</td>
			<td>Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tween-20</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P9416</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Tween-80</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">P1754</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Ultra turrax IKA T18 basic tissue homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">IKA</td>
			<td style="width:111px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Undec-10-yn-1-ol</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Fluorochem</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">13739</td>
			<td style="width:471px;">Harmful</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:423px;">Urea</td>
			<td style="width:205px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:111px;">U5378</td>
			<td>Toxic, warm at 50 &#176;C to dissolve</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

preparation and in vivo use of an activity-based probe for n-acylethanolamine acid amidase

profiling proteine ​​Activity-based (ABPP) è un metodo per l&#39;identificazione di un enzima di interesse in un proteoma complessa attraverso l&#39;uso di una sonda chimica che bersaglia siti attivi dell&#39;enzima. Un tag giornalista introdotto nella sonda permette di rilevare dell&#39;enzima etichettati da in-gel fluorescenza scansione, proteine ​​blot, microscopia a fluorescenza o spettrometria cromatografia-massa liquida. Qui, descriviamo la preparazione e l&#39;uso del ARN14686 composto, una sonda a base di attività di clic chimica (CC-ABP) che riconosce selettivamente l&#39;enzima N amidasi acido -acylethanolamine (NAAA). NAAA è una idrolasi cisteina che promuove l&#39;infiammazione disattivando endogeni agonisti del recettore-alfa proliferazione dei perossisomi attivato (PPAR), come palmitoiletanolamide (PEA) e oleoylethanolamide (OEA). NAAA viene sintetizzato come full-length inattiva proenzyme, che viene attivato dal autoproteolysis nel pH acido del lisosoma. studi di localizzazione have dimostrato che NAAA è prevalentemente espressa in macrofagi e altre cellule derivate da monociti, nonché in B-linfociti. Forniamo esempi di come ARN14686 può essere utilizzato per rilevare e quantificare NAAA attiva ex vivo nei tessuti di roditori da proteine macchia e microscopia a fluorescenza.

ARN14686 è stato progettato sulla base del patibolo dell&#39;inibitore ARN726 NAAA. Il gruppo 4-butil-cicloesil di ARN726 stato sostituito con una catena alifatica C9 saturo recanti un tag alchino terminale (Figura 1). Il tag alkyne stato introdotto per permettere l&#39;uso di una procedura di etichettatura in due fasi per aggiungere un fluoroforo o una molecola di biotina via CC. Questa caratteristica rende ARN14686 uno strumento molto versatile per sondare NAAA in...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase at JoVE.com

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

Qui, descriviamo la preparazione e l&#39;uso di una sonda per attività (ARN14686, undec-10-ynyl- N - [(3 S) -2-oxoazetidin-3-il] carbammato) che consente la rilevazione e quantificazione del forma attiva dell&#39;enzima proinfiammatorie N amidasica acido -acylethanolamine (NAAA), sia in vitro ed ex vivo.

Preparazione e<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; L&#39;utilizzo di una sonda Activity-based per<em&gt; N</em&gt; -acylethanolamine Acid amidasi

Activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) is a method for the identification of an enzyme of interest in a complex proteome through the use of a chemical ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Preparation and In Vivo Use of an Activity-based Probe for N-acylethanolamine Acid Amidase

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

Un metodo efficace per l&#39;isolamento di RNA altamente purificato da semi per l&#39;utilizzo in Quantitative Analysis trascrittoma

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as ...

Ricerca

Biochimica

Preparation of Giant Vesicles Encapsulating Microspheres by Centrifugation of a Water-in-oil Emulsion

Preparazione di giganti Vescicole Encapsulating microsfere mediante centrifugazione di una emulsione acqua-in-olio

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Sample Preparation for Mass Spectrometry-based Identification of RNA-binding Regions

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Postmenopausal women are at greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases than premenopausal women. Female mice ovariectomized (OVX) at weaning ...

Use of Alu Element Containing Minigenes to Analyze Circular RNAs

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Uso dell'elemento Alu contenente Minigenes per analizzare gli RNA circolari

In addition to linear mRNAs, many eukaryotic genes generate circular RNAs. Most circular RNAs are generated by joining a 5&#39; splice site with an ...

Sample Preparation for Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Preparazione del campione per la spettrometria di massa di ionizzazione elettrospray sonda

Mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful tool in analytical chemistry because it provides very accurate information about molecules, such as mass-to-charge ...

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product

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This protocol provides a method for preparation of industrialized fermented fish product with sturgeon (Aquilaria sinensis) meat product. The procedures ...

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The ability to determine the binding affinity of lipids to proteins is an essential part of understanding protein-lipid interactions in membrane ...

Plant Sample Preparation for Nucleoside/Nucleotide Content Measurement with An HPLC-MS/MS

Preparazione del campione dell'impianto per la misurazione del contenuto nucleoside/nucleotidico con hplc-MS/MS

Nucleosides/nucleotides are building blocks of nucleic acids, parts of cosubstrates and coenzymes, cell signaling molecules, and energy carriers, which ...